一种新的决策表核属性计算方法

属性约简是粗糙集理论研究的一个核心问题,而核属性的确定往往是决策表中属性约简的基础。结合决策表的树型结构表示,给出了决策表中正域和非正域的计算方法,并从核属性的定义出发,计算树型决策表中正域和非正域相对于属性全集正域和非正域的变化,提出了一种计算决策表中核属性的方法。对其时间和空间复杂度的分析,以及对一个气象决策表例子的实验结果,证明了这些方法的有效性。     

不相容决策表中一种新的属性约简算法

针对不相容决策表中一些属性约简算法的不足,结合粗糙集的代数观与信息观的优点,对差别矩阵加以改进,提出了一种新的属性约简算法,该算法在保证约简后决策表的正域和条件信息熵不变的情况下,降低了时间复杂度。通过实例说明了该算法的有效性和可行性。     

一种改进的属性约简算法

粗糙集理论是一种有效的信息处理工具,属性约简是粗糙集理论研究的一个核心内容。为了能够较为有效地获得不相容决策表较优的属性约简,在对文献[7]中属性约简算法分析的基础上,根据不相容决策表约简不改变决策表正域的原则,仅考虑相对差异比较表中与正域相关的实例对,同时结合属性重要性作为特征选取的启发式信息,提出了一种改进的启发式属性约简算法。该算法在不增加算法时间复杂度的前提下能够处理不相容决策表。最后,通过实例完整演示了该方法,表明该算法是有效的。     

一种新的不一致决策表的属性约简算法

在基于正域的不一致决策表属性约简算法中,计算正域的算法效率是关键,直接影响到属性约简算法的时间复杂度。针对这一问题,新算法改进了区分矩阵的构造过程,提出了一种有效的在二进制区分矩阵上计算负域的方法,将约简的关键转换为对负域的计算,以属性频率为启发式信息指导属性约简过程。该算法也适用于一致决策表的属性约简。最后,通过实例证明了算法的有效性。     

一种改进的属性约简算法

粗糙集理论是一种有效的信息处理工具,属性约简是粗糙集理论研究的一个核心内容.为了能够较为有效地获得不相容决策表较优的属性约简,在对文献[7]中属性约简算法分析的基础上,根据不相容决策表约简不改变决策表正域的原则,仅考虑相对差异比较表中与正域相关的实例对,同时结合属性重要性作为特征选取的启发式信息,提出了一种改进的启发式属性约简算法.该算法在不增加算法时间复杂度的前提下能够处理不相容决策表.最后,通过实例完整演示了该方法,表明该算法是有效的.     

基于模糊粗糙依赖度的连续值属性约简

针对传统的离散化技术所造成的信息丢失问题,提出了利用模糊粗糙集理论来进行属性约简的方法。描述了模糊等价关系下的粗糙集模型,定义了正域、依赖度等概念,提出了基于模糊粗糙依赖度的属性约简算法,该方法比传统属性约简方法具有更好的时间复杂性,并用实例证明了该算法的可行性。     

保正域的决策粗糙集属性约简

针对决策粗糙集模型,分析了它的正域随条件属性删除时的变化特点,即当条件属性集变小时,决策粗糙集的正域不但会变大,而且可能保持不变或变小。讨论了现有几种与正域相关的决策粗糙集属性约简定义的优缺点,在此基础上提出一种新的保正域不变的决策粗糙集属性约简。计算实例发现,现有基于差别矩阵的决策粗糙集属性约简方法不能求到它的所有保正域约简。上述研究结果说明,决策粗糙集模型与经典粗糙集模型的属性约简问题完全不同,因此不能简单地将经典粗糙集的方法平行推广到决策粗糙集模型上。该文的结论为将来系统研究决策粗糙集模型中的属性约简问题提供了很好的小结和理论基础。     

基于粒计算的属性约简算法

粒计算是一种基于问题概念空间划分的新的智能计算理论和方法,不相容决策表是粗糙集理论研究的一个重点。利用粗糙集中的等价关系来构建粒子,给出了决策表系统的粒子分解方法及在粒表示下以属性重要性作为启发信息的属性约简算法。实验结果表明该算法不仅具有高效性,而且能处理大型决策表。     

一种扩展正域的属性约简方法

在经典粗糙集理论模型中,边界域过大会限制其实际应用。针对这一情况,指出决策表中边界域扩展为正域已有方法存在的不足,基于不确定条件下的自主式学习理论,定义一种新的扩展正域方法,并提出计算不相容决策表中认知属性核和认知属性约简的算法。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

一种新的模糊决策表属性约简方法

粗糙集理论研究的核心内容之一是属性重要性的度量和属性约简。经典的粗糙集模型基于等价关系,适合于处理离散属性值。模糊粗糙集理论将模糊集和粗糙集理论结合起来,将等价关系扩展为模糊关系,可处理模糊属性值。分析了已有广泛运用的模糊决策表的属性约简算法FRAR存在的三个问题,提出了一种新的约简算法,较好地克服了原算法的问题,能处理规模较大的模糊决策表。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.