泡沫铝填充帽型结构轴向压缩吸能特性的试验研究

通过试验方法研究了泡沫铝填充帽型结构准静态压溃时的吸能特性。首先,进行了泡沫铝空心帽型结构以及泡沫铝填充帽型结构的轴向压缩试验;然后,根据试验结果,对泡沫铝填充帽型结构的轴向吸能特性进行了分析,并与空心帽型结构进行了比较。结果表明,填充泡沫铝之后,帽型结构的轴向压缩稳定性和吸能特性有了很大的提高。在吸收的能量一定时,泡沫铝填充能够减少吸能结构所需要的质量。     

泡沫铝结构的吸能特性影响参数试验分析

闭孔泡沫铝是一种轻质吸能金属材料,在低密度下具有良好的比刚度和比强度、宽而平坦的屈服平台区、良好的抗冲击性和能量吸收特性。在进行了大量试验的基础上,研究了泡沫铝裸材及其填充薄壁管的吸能特性,验证了闭孔泡沫铝结构的各向同性,研究了泡沫铝的孔隙率、孔径等对其力学性能的影响。给出了泡沫铝及其填充结构吸能能力的评价指标,指出了泡沫铝与薄壁管在轴向压缩吸能中的相互作用效应,并得出填充结构能够提高承载能力43%、提高吸能能力87%的结论。     

聚乙烯泡沫单填充纸蜂窝夹层管的轴向缓冲吸能特性

借鉴波纹管、夹层管和泡沫填充管等设计思想,利用纸蜂窝和聚乙烯泡沫这两种优质缓冲吸能材料,提出聚乙烯泡沫单填充正多边形纸蜂窝夹层管的设计思路.通过静态和动态轴向压缩试验分析,研究这类结构的轴向缓冲吸能特性,探讨结构参数、跌落冲击参数对变形特征和关键吸能指标的影响,为其结构设计与性能优化提供参考.结果表明,在轴向静态压缩情...     

泡沫填充薄壁结构的抗弯性分析及多目标优化设计*

泡沫铝填充薄壁结构具有轻质、较大承载能力以及高效吸能特性,越来越多地应用于各种工程结构。提出一种新颖的轴向梯度泡沫填充薄壁结构,采用试验与数值分析的方法,系统地分析空管、均匀泡沫填充及梯度泡沫填充薄壁圆管在弯曲工况下的力学响应及能量吸收特性。研究发现,泡沫填充薄壁结构比空管具有更好的抗弯性能。与均匀泡沫填充结构相比,梯度泡沫不仅使得填充薄壁结构的变形模式从单褶皱模式变为多褶皱模式,截面扁化量和抗弯刚度损失显著减小,而且有效地提高了填充结构的承载力及吸能特性。为了进一步探索填充结构的最优耐撞性,结合Kriging近似技术与粒子群数值优化方法,对均匀泡沫和功能梯度填充泡沫薄壁结构进行多目标优化设计,得到了泡沫填充薄壁结构耐撞性的最佳参数匹配设计,并有效提高了结构的抗弯性能,为泡沫填充薄壁结构抗弯性设计提供了参考依据。     

内部加强帽形结构轴向压缩吸能特性研究

通过仿真和落锤试验研究了内部加强帽形结构动态压溃时的吸能特性。首先,从理论上分析内部加强对帽形结构吸能特性的影响;然后,根据仿真结果,对内部加强帽型结构的轴向吸能特性进行了分析,并与无内部加强帽形结构进行了对比;最后进行了试验验证。结果表明：通过改变加强结构,帽形结构的轴向压缩稳定性和吸能特性有了很大的提高,且失效现象得到改善,还有利于结构的轻量化。     

闭孔泡沫铝力学特性及其在汽车碰撞吸能中的应用研究进展

汽车低能耗、安全和轻量化已经成为汽车领域研究的热点问题,闭孔泡沫铝作为一种轻质吸能金属材料,在低密度下具有良好的比刚度和比强度,同时具有良好的抗冲击性和能量吸收性,已逐渐引起汽车产业界地重视。简述泡沫铝单轴压缩试验中弹性模量、抗压强度、屈服强度、平台应力、致密化应变等参数的定义和试验标准;综述闭孔泡沫铝的本构方程的研究现状,重点讨论屈服面模型;总结泡沫铝的微观结构有限元建模方法,比较商业软件中集成的宏观材料模型。归纳吸能材料的特点,分析闭孔泡沫铝的吸能能力和抗冲击能力;综述应变率和冲击速度对泡沫铝吸能特性有无影响的研究进展,并对可能存在的影响进行解释。总结闭孔泡沫铝在汽车轻量化和碰撞安全性领域的应用,具体分析典型的案例。指出当前闭孔泡沫铝的力学特性及其在汽车结构中应用存在的问题与难点,总结并提出本研究领域可以借鉴的研究方向。     

粉煤灰漂珠/聚氨酯复合泡沫铝材料压缩性能与本构关系研究

采用压力渗透法制备出了铝基复合泡沫材料,填充材料是以粉煤灰漂珠为主要组分、硬质聚氨酯泡沫为粘结剂的复合泡沫材料.通过准静态实验和分离式霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)动态压缩的方法研究了复合泡沫铝的压缩力学响应,然后建立了动态本构关系.研究表明,复合泡沫铝的压缩应力-应变曲线与其它泡沫材料的应力-应变曲线类似,文中的两种铝基复合泡沫具有应变率效应,复合泡沫铝较密度相近未填充前的泡沫铝基具有更高的压缩强度与能量吸收能力.但由于漂珠尺寸的不同,导致两种复合泡沫铝的动态压缩结果不尽相同,且小颗粒复合泡沫铝在动态冲击下吸能效果最好.在本研究实验的应变率和密度范围内,本文建立的本构模型曲线与实验曲线吻合较好.     

粉煤灰漂珠/聚氨酯复合泡沫铝材料压缩性能与本构关系研究

采用压力渗透法制备出了铝基复合泡沫材料,填充材料是以粉煤灰漂珠为主要组分、硬质聚氨酯泡沫为粘结剂的复合泡沫材料.通过准静态实验和分离式霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)动态压缩的方法研究了复合泡沫铝的压缩力学响应,然后建立了动态本构关系.研究表明,复合泡沫铝的压缩应力-应变曲线与其它泡沫材料的应力-应变曲线类似,文中的两种铝基复合泡沫具有应变率效应,复合泡沫铝较密度相近未填充前的泡沫铝基具有更高的压缩强度与能量吸收能力.但由于漂珠尺寸的不同,导致两种复合泡沫铝的动态压缩结果不尽相同,且小颗粒复合泡沫铝在动态冲击下吸能效果最好.在本研究实验的应变率和密度范围内,本文建立的本构模型曲线与实验曲线吻合较好.     

泡沫铝材料参数反求及其填充锥形薄壁管的吸能性能研究

为了研究一种商业化生产的泡沫铝力学性能并对其填充结构进行仿真模拟,基于材料的准静态压缩试验和材料本构模型进行了泡沫铝和铝合金材料参数反求,并采用试验数据验证了所得材料参数的正确性。运用有限元软件LS-DYNA进行数值分析,研究了壁厚、锥角和填充泡沫铝密度等设计参数对泡沫铝填充锥形薄壁管吸能特性的影响。结果表明,利用材料反求的方法可获得准确的材料参数;泡沫铝密度和壁厚对平均力的影响更为显著,相比于锥角更易控制能量吸收;管壁厚度是影响初始峰值力的主要因素;填充泡沫铝后不仅能够改善薄壁管的变形情况、增大比吸能,且对初始峰值力的影响较小。     

接触强度和诱导槽对泡沫铝锥管耐撞性分析

针对汽车前纵梁耐撞部件吸能盒结构形式,研究了功能密度梯度泡沫铝填充铝合金锥管在低速冲击下的耐撞性模型优化。通过对泡沫铝填充锥管的轴向低速压溃仿真分析,获得仿真变形状态、载荷及比吸能量对位移的曲线,并对比分析仿真和实验数据,证明仿真模型的有效性。以泡沫铝内核与锥管的接触强度为研究对象,研究其对泡沫铝填充锥管吸能性能的影响。最后提出基于强粘结接触模型的含有诱导槽的功能密度梯度泡沫铝填充模型,并研究其耐撞性。研究表明,具有诱导槽的强粘结泡沫铝填充锥管在碰撞中的峰值载荷更低,载荷变化更平稳,比吸能更大,是一种在汽车制造工程应用中可以考虑的新型吸能结构。     

Experimental studies on the axial crash behavior of aluminum foam-filled hat sections

Drop hammer tests were carried out to study the axial crash behavior of aluminum foam-filled hat sections. First, the axial crash tests of the empty hat sections, aluminum foam and the aluminum foam-filled hat sections were carried out; then, based upon the test results, the axial crash behavior of the aluminum foam-filled hat sections were analyzed. It was found that aluminum foam filling can increase the energy absorption capacities of the hat sections. Compared with the non-filled structures, aluminum foam-filled structures were much more stable and needed less mass to absorb the specified energy. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2006, 42(4) (in Chinese)     

Theoretical analysis for axial crushing behaviour of aluminium foam-filled hat sections

A theoretical analysis was performed to predict the crushing behaviour of aluminium foam-filled single hat and double hat sections subjected to axial compression. The experimental results and superfolding element theory were used to create deformation models for the aluminium foam contained in the hat sections, and several assumptions were made for the theoretical analysis. According to the energy method and superfolding elements theory, the mean crushing force and the interactive effect were theoretically predicted for the axial compression of the aluminium foam-filled hat sections. The final formula specified the relationship between the mechanical characteristics of the aluminum foam and the height of the superfolding element. The mean crush forces and the interactive effect predicted by the theoretical analysis were in good agreement with the experimental results. The theoretical prediction results showed that the interactive effect was mainly from the aluminium foam.     

Deformation and energy absorption of aluminum foam-filled tubes subjected to oblique loading

Research to quantify the energy absorption of empty and foam-filled tubes under oblique loading with different loading angles and geometry parameters was carried out. Tests on circular tubes made of aluminum alloy AA6063 under quasi-static axial or oblique loading were performed. The collapse behavior of empty, foam-filled single and double tubes was investigated at loading angles of 0°, 5°, 10° and 15° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the tube. The tubes were fixed at both ends and oblique load was realized by applying a load at the upper end of a pair of specimens. When the foam-filled tubular structures subjected to oblique quasi-static loading, some new deformation modes, such as spiral folding mode, irregular extensional folding mode and irregular axi-symmetric or diamond deformation mode, were identified and ascribed to the bending of tubes and shearing of foam filler, as well as the interaction between the tubes and the foam. The energy absorption characteristics of empty and foam-filled single and double tube structures with respect to the load angle and wall thickness are determined. It is found that the energy-absorbing effectiveness factors of the circular tube structures with aluminum foam core are significant higher than those of the empty tubes and the energy absorption capacity of the foam-filled double tubes is better than that of the empty and foam-filled single tubes.     

Static crushing of square aluminium extrusions with aluminium foam filler

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the behaviour of square aluminium extrusions filled with aluminium foam under quasi-static loading conditions. Based on the experimental work, simple relations between dimensionless numbers governing the influence of the foam on the characteristics of the crush problem were identified. Furthermore, a simplified set of equations applicable for design of foam-filled components was proposed.     

Validation of constitutive models applicable to aluminium foams

An extensive experimental database has been established for the structural behaviour of aluminium foam and aluminium foam-based components (foam-filled extrusions). The database is divided into three levels, these are: (1) foam material calibration tests, (2) foam material validation tests and finally (3) structural interaction tests where the foam interacts with aluminium extrusions. This division makes it possible to validate constitutive models applicable to aluminium foam for a wide spectrum of loading configurations. Several existing material models for aluminium foam from the literature are discussed and compared. To illustrate the use of the database, four existing material models for foams in the explicit, non-linear finite element code LS-DYNA have been calibrated and evaluated against configurations in the database.     

Torsional crushing of foam-filled thin-walled square columns

Torsional crushing behavior of foam-filled thin-walled square columns were investigated analytically, numerically and experimentally. The lower and upper bounds on the torsional resistance of foam-filled columns were established analytically. Numerical simulations were carried out and showed that the presence of the filler changes the torsional collapse mechanism and gives rise to higher order sectional collapse modes, which results in a higher torsional resistance. Torsional experiments were performed and results were compared to the analytical and numerical solutions with reasonably good agreement. It was found that bonding of the foam to the walls changes the deformation mode by spreading deformation over the whole length. The corresponding torsional resistance is also larger for the first 40° of rotation. It is concluded that fitting prismatic members with the aluminum foam of a density ranging from 0.14 to 0.28 g/cm³ can double the energy absorption of a given member.     

汽车碰撞仿真中的连接失效模拟

描述了汽车碰撞仿真研究中连接方式的模拟方法 ,讨论了各种连接方式的不同约束条件和失效准则。本文通过一个典型的闭口帽型截面的薄壁梁在轴向碰撞载荷下的屈曲模态给出了不同强度的连接方式所产生的不同溃缩模式 ,进而分析了连接失效对载荷 -位移曲线和碰撞吸能特性的影响 ,为利用有限元仿真进行碰撞结构设计提供了依据