石墨烯增强TC4复合材料的微观组织及力学性能

采用球磨法将石墨烯与TC4预合金粉末混合,通过放电等离子烧结工艺在1 200℃制备了石墨烯/TC4复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等研究了复合粉末混合前后的形貌和物相结构;采用显微硬度计、Gleeble-3800D热模拟试验机等分析了复合材料的显微硬度和压缩性能。结果表明:通过干法球磨和放电等离子烧结工艺制备的复合材料组织致密,石墨烯与TC4原位生成的TiC在晶界处析出,提高了复合材料的力学性能。复合材料的室温压缩强度和屈服强度,相对于基体分别提高了17.03%和12.5%;硬度和延伸率分别提高了18.2%和60%。石墨烯的加入使得TC4基体晶粒细化,同时与基体反应生成了TiC颗粒,对基体产生了强化效果。     

粉末冶金制备添加20%铜的316L不锈钢/铜复合材料工艺研究

本文采用粉末冶金工艺合成制备出316L不锈钢/铜复合材料,其中铜占20%(质量分数,下同)。测定了材料的密度、硬度和冷轧轧下量,分析了材料的显微组织和微区成分。实验结果表明,添加20%铜的不锈钢经1 100℃烧结后,密度达到7.53 g/cm3,相对密度为92.4%,硬度为75.12 HRB,冷轧轧下量达69%,316L不锈钢粉末颗粒外形球形化,铜元素在不锈钢基体有少量扩散。本文还对游离铜提高材料冷轧轧下量的原因进行了简单的分析。     

微波烧结温度对CNTs/Cu复合材料结构和性能的影响

结合液相混合方法、微波烧结技术和冷轧技术制备碳纳米管增强铜基（carbon nanotubes reinforced copper-matrix,CNTs/Cu）复合材料,研究不同烧结温度对于CNTs/Cu复合材料微观形貌、力学性能及物理性能的影响。结果表明,采用液相混合法制备出粒径为200~500 nm、碳纳米管质量分数为0.5%的CNTs/Cu复合粉体,碳纳米管均匀分散在铜颗粒中,并与之形成良好结合界面。CNTs/Cu复合材料的相对密度、硬度、电导率随着烧结温度的升高先增大后减小,在烧结温度为1000℃时达到最佳。制备的碳纳米管质量分数为0.5%的CNTs/Cu复合材料组织均匀、孔隙数量及尺寸较少,相对密度为95.79%,硬度为HV 80.9,电导率为81.8% IACS。经冷轧处理后,CNTs/Cu复合材料拉伸强度达到218 MPa,延伸率保持37.75%。由此可见,微波烧结技术是一种制备高性能CNTs/Cu复合材料的理想方法。     

W-10%TiC复合材料的制备与力学性能研究

采用高能球磨手段制备了W-10%TiC(质量分数, 下同)纳米复合粉体, 并采用热压方法烧结成致密块体, 研究了高能球磨、烧结温度、烧结时间及烧结压力对复合材料致密度和力学性能的影响. 结果表明: 高能球磨后, 复合粉体的颗粒形状近似球形, 粒径均匀, 平均粒径为100 nm, 并且纳米复合粉体的烧结温度大大降低, 其原因是粉体的颗粒细小、扩散系数高、表面能高等性质及球磨过程中少量Fe, Ni杂质的引入. 对所制备纳米粉体而言, 较合适的烧结工艺为: 1700 ℃, 30 Mpa压力下烧结60 min, 在此工艺条件下制备的复合材料的致密度达到98.4%, 抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别达到: 681 Mpa, 6.24 Mpa·m1/2.     

热压烧结法制备W-15Cu复合材料的组织结构研究

将W-15%Cu(质量分数)混合粉末在行星式高能球磨机中球磨,分别采用热压烧结和无压烧结对球磨60h的复合粉末进行烧结。采用XRD对经不同球磨时间后的复合粉末进行物相分析;采用XRD和SEM对烧结后的钨铜复合材料进行物相和形貌分析。结果表明:球磨时间越长,铜在钨中的固溶度越大;相对于无压烧结,采用热压烧结制备的钨铜复合材料孔隙度较小,均匀度较高,相对密度高达98.84%;钨铜复合材料内部存在因铜的挥发和生坯密度分布不均匀造成的烧结体组织分布不均匀。     

石墨烯增强WC-Co硬质合金的制备和力学性能研究

采用机械搅拌和静电吸附工艺制备了氧化石墨烯/WC-Co复合粉体,并对复合粉体的微观形貌进行了表征。利用放电等离子烧结(spark plasma sintering,SPS)技术制备了石墨烯/WCCo硬质合金,对复合材料的力学性能进行了测试分析。机械搅拌制备的氧化石墨烯/WC-Co复合粉体经过SPS烧结后得到的硬质合金横向断裂强度和维氏硬度为1 850 MPa,1 830,与不添加石墨烯的WC-Co硬质合金相比分别提高了3.9%,5.8%。静电吸附制备的氧化石墨烯/WC-Co复合粉体经过SPS烧结后得到的硬质合金横向断裂强度和维氏硬度为1 980 MPa,1 850,与不添加石墨烯的WC-Co硬质合金相比分别提高了11.2%,6.9%。     

球磨时间对RGO-Ni/Cu粉体形貌及复合材料性能的影响

为了有效改善球磨过程中石墨烯结构被破坏的问题,采用静电自组装、球磨与粉末冶金相结合的工艺制备还原氧化石墨烯-镍/铜（RGO-Ni/Cu）复合材料,并分析了球磨时间对RGO-Ni/Cu粉体形貌及RGO-Ni/Cu复合材料的显微组织、电导率、硬度和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,随球磨时间增加,RGO-Ni/Cu复合粉体的形貌由团聚状转变为片层状再转变为碎片状,同时仍保留了自组装RGO-Ni粉体的二维褶皱状形貌。随着球磨时间的延长,RGO-Ni相在RGO-Ni/Cu复合材料中的分布形式由团块状分布逐渐转变为条状分布。球磨时间为4 h时RGO-Ni/Cu复合材料的综合性能最好,摩擦因数(COF)为0.456,RGO-Ni/Cu复合材料的磨损机制与石墨烯润滑膜的形成程度有关,且石墨烯润滑膜的形成受RGO-Ni/Cu复合材料相对密度的影响。     

ARZ陶瓷颗粒增强316L不锈钢复合材料的制备及性能

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了Al₂O₃增强ZrO₂(alumina reinforced zirconia,ARZ)陶瓷颗粒增强316L不锈钢(316L不锈钢/ARZ)复合材料，研究了ARZ陶瓷颗粒体积分数对316L不锈钢/ARZ复合材料的微观组织、相对密度、硬度、耐磨性的影响。结果表明：当ARZ陶瓷颗粒体积分数为20%时，复合材料的相对密度达到97.53%，与不锈钢基体相当；继续加入ARZ陶瓷，陶瓷颗粒发生团聚降低了复合材料相对密度。316L不锈钢/ARZ复合材料的硬度随着ARZ陶瓷颗粒体积分数的增高而增大，当ARZ陶瓷颗粒的体积分数为60%时，复合材料的硬度达到最大值HRB 96.8。复合材料耐磨性优于不锈钢基体，其中含有体积分数为60%ARZ陶瓷颗粒的复合材料体积磨损率较基体减少了4.2倍；随着ARZ陶瓷颗粒含量的增加，复合材料的耐磨性提高，复合材料的磨损机理主要为316L不锈钢的剥落。     

Mo对TiC/316L不锈钢复合材料组织和性能的影响

为了提高TiC/316L不锈钢复合材料的力学性能,在TiC/316L复合粉末中添加不同质量分数的Mo元素,采用粉末冶金法制备TiC/316L不锈钢复合材料.通过对复合材料的显微组织分析,拉伸、摩擦磨损等力学性能的测试,研究Mo含量对复合材料的组织和性能的影响.结果表明,Mo的添加有利于复合材料的组织均匀化,从而提高复合...     

反应球磨热压烧结制备SiC_p/Cu复合材料的耐磨性能研究

以粒度均不大于37μm的Si粉、石墨粉和铜粉为原料,采用反应球磨热压烧结制备了SiC颗粒增强铜基复合材料。采用金相显微镜、SEM等分析手段对制备的复合材料进行组织观察,并对其进行硬度、致密度和耐磨性测试。结果表明,增强相除少量团聚外在基体上均匀弥散分布,增强相与基体相结合良好。铜基复合材料硬度随着增强相含量和烧结温度的升高而变大,增强相含量的影响比烧结温度的影响更显著,铜含量90%时材料的硬度达到135.16 HV,相比纯铜硬度提高了98.88%。材料致密度随烧结温度升高而升高,增强相含量较高时较为显著。随着增强相含量的升高材料的致密度和磨损率均下降。铜含量90%时材料的磨损率为铜含量95%材料磨损率的35%。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of microwave sintered austenitic stainless steel

The objective of this work is focused on understanding the effect of microwave heating on sintering of 316L powders. The stainless steel samples were prepared from prealloyed powders of 316L. The powder samples were compacted at a pressure of 560 MPa and sintered at 1300°C in a microwave furnace of 2.4 GHz and 2KW capacity in nitrogen atmosphere. The sintering time was varied from 10 to 20 minutes in order to study the effect of sintering time on sintering behavior and mechanical properties of the sintered samples. The sintered samples were subjected to optical metallography, hardness testing, tensile testing and fractogrphy. The average density of sintered stainless steels was 92% of the theoretical density, approximately 18% increment from green density for 20 min. sintering time. Microstructural analysis showed the regularly distributed porosity with very small grains. The hardness value was in the range of 365VHN to 396VHN and tensile strength, in the range of 255MPa to 580 MPa. Fractographs for these steels revealed mixed mode of fracture.     

注射成形含氮无镍不锈钢的研究

为了扩大不锈钢的应用范围与节省较昂贵的镍资源,笔者以粒径<38.5μm含氮不锈钢粉末和多组元粘结剂(PW,HDPE,SA)为原料,采用粉末注射成形工艺制备了0Cr17Mn12Mo2N含氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢材料,并对其表面状态与显微组织、拉伸断口形貌以及力学性能、耐蚀性能进行了分析与测试.结果表明:使用上述粘结剂能够成功地实现含氮不锈钢粉末的注射成形;在流动N2气氛中,0.1MPa,1340℃下烧结120min,再经热处理后,注射成形0Cr17Mn12Mo2N不锈钢烧结体的相对密度可达到97.6%,含氮量达到0.83%(质量分数).该含氮无镍不锈钢具有良好的强度和塑性:抗拉强度σb=910MPa,屈服强度σ0.2=560MPa,伸长率δ5=46%,断面收缩率Ф=39.5%,硬度(HRB)为91.7,各项性能指标均优异于MIM 316L不锈钢.     

Injection moulding of 316L stainless steels reinforced with nanosize alumina particles

Abstract

This study aims to compare the effect of Al₂O₃ nanoparticle additions on the densification and mechanical properties of the injection moulded 316L stainless steels. The 316L stainless steel and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were dry mixed and moulded using a wax based binder. The critical powder loading for injection moulding were 60 vol.-% for all samples. Debinding process was performed in solvent using thermal method. After the debinding process, the samples were sintered at 1405°C for 60 and 120 min under vacuum. Metallographic examination was conducted to determine the extend of densification and the corresponding microstructural changes. The sintered samples were characterised by measuring tensile strength, hardness and wear behaviour. Wear loss was determined for all the samples after wear testing. All the powders, fracture surfaces of moulded and sintered samples were examined using scanning electron microscope. The sintered density of straight as well as Al₂O₃ nanoparticles reinforced injection moulded 316L stainless steels increases with the increase in sintering time. The additions of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles improve the hardness and wear resistance with the increase of sintering time.     

半固态烧结制备石墨烯/7075铝基复合材料与性能研究

通过球磨混粉+半固态烧结法成功制备出质量分数为0.5%的石墨烯/7075铝基复合材料,通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪和室温拉伸力学性能测试等手段,对石墨烯/7075铝基复合材料的显微组织及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:复合材料中的石墨烯纳米片均匀的分散在7075铝合金基体中,相比于未添加石墨烯的7075铝合金基体,复合材料的密度有所下降,维式硬度和抗拉强度则分别提高了14%和32%,延伸率无明显变化。     

Preparation of Nanocrystalline 430L Stainless Steel by HEBM and SPS

Preparation of nanocrystalline 430L stainless steel by both high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering technique has been investigated. The results have shown that the hardness can be improved markedly with an increase in sintering temperature and holding time. The lower the apparent porosity of nanocrystalline 430L stainless steel, the higher is the Vickers-hardness. The tensile strength reached a maximum value of 713 MPa when the sampie was sintered at 1 173 K for 10 min, and then it evidently decreased with an increase in sintering temperature and holding time because of the growth of crystalline grain.     

Enhanced sintering and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel with silicon additions as sintering aid

Abstract

Compaction, effect of ball milling, vaccum sintering, microstructures, volume shrinkage, interconnected porosity, thermal reactions and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel with and without additions of elemental silicon have been investigated. It was found that the silicon addition enhanced the sintering process by providing a series of liquid phase reactions with the base powder which took place at temperatures below their melting points and the normal solidus range for stainless steels. Differential thermal analysis confirmed formation of liquid phases at three different temperatures which are believed to be responsible for the enhanced sintering process.The first two appeared at ~1060 and 1155°C by two exothermic peaks and the third one at ~1190°C by an endothermic peak. The ball milling operation provided higher green and sintered densities resulting in better mechanical properties due to less agglomorations with finer and much more uniform particle size distribution. Sintered densities of up to 7·44 g cm^-3 with tensile strength of 482 MPa, hardness value of 153 HV10 and 15% elongation were obtained with ball milled plus 3 wt-%Si addition. Low levels of interconnected porosities (~4%) were recorded within the temperature range 1250-1300°C suggesting the possibility of good corrosion resistance.

The sintered microstructures consisted of ferrite and austenite (duplex structure), complex silicide and eutectic phases within grains and at grain boundaries, pools of liquid (rich in Si) and some medium and small pores preventing full density to be achieved despite the liquid phase formation.     

FeCrBSi预合金粉末对金属注射成形316L不锈钢烧结性能的影响

研究了添加不同质量分数FeCrBSi铁基预合金粉末（FeCrBSi）作为烧结助剂对金属注射成形316L不锈钢（316L）烧结性能的影响,通过电子密度计、金相显微镜及洛氏硬度计等仪器分析讨论了烧结制品的烧结密度、金相显微组织及硬度等性能。结果表明:在1360℃烧结时,FeCrBSi与316L形成了超固相线液相烧结,液相的增加有利于烧结致密化,烧结密度随着FeCrBSi质量分数的增加而升高,孔隙度逐渐降低。当FeCrBSi质量分数为3%~5%时,烧结密度达到7.81~7.87 g·cm-3;当FeCrBSi质量分数增至7%时,烧结出现变形。制品硬度随相对密度的上升而提高,在FeCrBSi质量分数为3%时达到最大值（HRB 75）,此时力学性能亦表现优异。     

冷加工对316L不锈钢力学行为和组织的影响

采用室温拉伸及硬度测试研究了不同的冷变形量对316L不锈钢室温力学性能及硬度的影响,并通过OM、TEM对冷变形后组织结构的观察,分析讨论了不同变形后力学性能及硬度的变化机制.结果表明,冷变形使材料的强度和硬度得到大幅度提高,但塑性有所降低.冷变形量为25％时,钢的屈服强度可达到745 MPa,同时伸长率达到19.3％.随冷变形量的不同,该钢加工硬化能力不同.变形量低于2.5％时,强度、硬度增加的速度较快,而变形量高于约2.5％后,强度、硬度增加的速度却相对较小,其原因是变形机制不同.另外,冷变形后钢的屈服强度与硬度有着相似的变化规律,由此提出了由冷变形后硬度变化预测冷变形后拉伸屈服强度的方程.     

高能球磨对新型TiC钢结硬质合金组织和性能影响的研究

采用行星式球磨机对Fe-3.0Cr-3.0Mo-0.5Cu-0.5C-33TiC新型钢结硬质合金混合粉末进行高能球磨,对不同球磨时间粉末的形貌和粒度进行观察,测定了烧结后合金的密度、硬度和抗弯强度,并对其组织结构进行了分析.结果表明：球磨初期,粉末粒度迅速减小,粉末出现片状形貌,随着球磨时间增加,粉末粒度减小速度变缓,最后趋于稳定,片状形貌逐渐消失,不规则球形形貌增多.球磨过程中,Fe与其它添加元素（C、Mo、Cu）发生合金化反应.在一定时间内,随着球磨时间的增加,混合粉末成分均匀性增加,合金的密度、硬度和抗弯强度也明显提高.