稀土改进化学镀共沉积钯-银合金膜

采用稀土改进的化学镀法在多孔陶瓷载体上共沉积钯-银合金膜。重点讨论了Yb-La、Yb-Pr和Yb-Nd三种不同混合稀土元素对钯-银共沉积速率的影响和Yb-La混合稀土元素对镀温和镀层组成的影响。实验结果表明,在适宜的三种混合稀土元素的浓度下,钯-银共沉积速率比未添加稀土时分别提高了63%、51%和32%。添加Yb-La混合稀土元素后,在得到相同的钯-银共沉积速率时,镀温比未添加稀土时可降低10℃~20℃,且对镀层组成无明显影响。制备的76.8Pd-23.2Ag的合金薄膜,其厚度为7.7μm,在350℃和0.3MPa下,氢气和氮气通过膜的渗透通量分别为8.65×10-3m3/m2.s和1.92×10-6m3/m2.s。     

合金元素对Ti-5Ta合金耐硝酸腐蚀性能的影响

研究了Cr、V、Mo、Al等元素对Ti-Ta系合金在6mol/L沸腾硝酸中腐蚀行为的影响规律。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电化学工作站等分析方法对不同成分合金的腐蚀速率、钝化膜形貌、极化曲线等进行分析。结果表明，单独添加Cr、V、Mo元素对Ti-Ta合金的耐蚀性能影响较小，而添加Al元素会大幅降低合金耐蚀性能；Ti-Ta-Cr合金的腐蚀速率最低，钝化膜致密度最高，稳定性最佳；Ti-Ta-Al合金在腐蚀过程中很难形成致密且稳定的钝化膜。对于Ti-Ta系多元合金，复合添加Cr、V元素有助于获得致密的钝化膜，添加Mo元素会降低钝化膜致密度和稳定性，Al元素添加量为1%（质量分数）时对合金钝化行为的影响不大。提高氧浓度会恶化Ti-Ta-X三元合金在沸腾硝酸中的耐蚀性能。     

快速凝固耐热铝合金的耐蚀性能

采用腐蚀失重法和极化曲线的测定,研究了FVS0611,FVS0812,2618,2618+Sc,2014,6061合金在人工模拟海水和海洋环境中的耐蚀性能。结果表明:2014,2618和2618+Sc合金腐蚀较严重,RS/PM生产的FVS0611,FVS0812和6061合金腐蚀速率较小,出现明显的钝化现象,并因为加工残余应力导致出现钝化-腐蚀-再钝化现象。     

稀土Sm对AZ92镁合金耐腐蚀性能的影响

以AZ92镁合金为研究对象,添加少量稀土Sm(0～1.1%),利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱分析法、静态腐蚀失重法和电化学测试等方法研究了少量稀土Sm对AZ92镁合金微观组织、腐蚀速率影响,并探讨了稀土Sm对AZ92镁合金耐腐蚀性能的影响机制。结果表明:随着合金中Sm含量的增加,AZ92合金中粗大枝状β-Mg17Al12组织枝晶断裂,逐渐转变为小岛状,体积分数下降,同时Sm原子结合Al,Mn原子转变成颗粒状Al-Mn-Sm相和Al-Sm相;通过静态腐蚀失重和电化学实验可知AZ92-xSm合金抗腐蚀性能优于AZ92合金。在3.5%NaCl水溶液中,Sm含量达到0.5%时,镁合金腐蚀速率趋于最小值,仅为AZ92合金的42%左右,抗腐蚀性能明显提高。     

稀土对ZHSi80-3合金组织和性能的影响

本文研究了稀土元素 (L a、Ce)对铸造铜合金 ZHSi80 - 3显微组织、力学性能和耐海水腐蚀性能的影响 ,并推荐了稀土含量在 ZHSi80 - 3合金中的最佳范围。实验证明 ,稀土含量在不超过 0 .1%的范围内 ,可以明显地细化 ZHSi80 - 3合金的显微组织 ,并提高强度指标 σ0 .2 及 σb,同时指出稀土元素对塑性指标 δ有不利的影响。文章还指出稀土的加入有利于提高该合金耐海水腐蚀性能。     

钛材的耐蚀性及在造纸工业中的应用

钛在大气、海水和天然水中具有优异的耐蚀性能,甚至在被污染的大气和海水中以及在较高流速的海水中和较高温度条件下,同样具有很好的耐蚀性能。钛在大气中的腐蚀速率为2.03×10~(-5) mm/a,在海水中为7.6×10~(-4)mm/a均低于不锈钢。在流速为42m/s的海水中腐蚀率为5×10~(-3)mm/a。钛的另一个特性是耐Cl~-腐蚀,这使钛材深受     

Nd对Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响

研究稀土Nd对均匀化态Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响.通过真空感应熔炼制备镁锂合金铸锭, 经均匀化处理(280 ℃, 24 h)得到均匀化态Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-xNd-0.2Zr(x=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5)合金.采用XRD和SEM分析合金的显微组织, 并对合金进行拉伸试验和断口分析.采用电化学法和析氢失重法研究合金在3.5 %NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金主要含有β-Li、AlLi、MgLi₂Al相, Nd的加入使合金中形成NdAl3相.随着Nd含量的增加, 合金的强度和塑性呈先增大后降低的趋势. Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-1Nd-0.2Zr合金表现出较优的力学性能, 其抗拉强度和延伸率相对于Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金分别提高了28.8 %和51.3 %.稀土Nd的添加使合金的耐蚀性能提高.      

1ONiCrMo钢在室内模拟海洋环境试验中的腐蚀行为

利用腐蚀电化学法及化学浸泡法研究了1ONiCrMo钢在人工海水及3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:1ONiCrMo钢在人工海水中的自然腐蚀电位为一0.690V,在3.5% NaCl溶液中为-0.661V,在人工海水中腐蚀电位较在3.5%NaCl溶液中低;3个月室内全、间浸腐蚀中,腐蚀速率大小主要受氧扩散控制影响,随着腐蚀时间增长,表面锈层的增厚,1ONiCrMo钢在人工海水及3.5%NaCl溶液中的全、间浸腐蚀速率随时间的延长而降低,1500h后趋向稳定;IONiCrMo钢在人工海水中全、间浸腐蚀速率分别为0.338～0.459mm/a和0.279～0.435mm/a,在3.5%NaCl溶液中全、间浸平均腐蚀速率分别为1.200～1.141mm/a和0.840～0.404 mm/a,虽在人工海水中腐蚀电位较在3.5%NaCl溶液中低,但在人工海水中全、间浸腐蚀速率均比对应时间段内在3.5%NaCl溶液中小,在人工海水中及3.5%NaCl溶液中的间浸腐蚀速率比全浸低.     

稀土Y,Ce及其添加方式对硬质合金显微结构与性能的影响

采用在还原碳化法制备WC粉末前添加稀土氧化物Y2O3或CeO2,以及在WC与Co粉末混合球磨时加入该稀土氧化物两种不同的方式,在WC-10Co硬质合金中添加稀土元素,利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察稀土硬质合金的组织形貌与显微结构,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和电子探针对合金的相成分与微区成分进行分析,并测试合金的硬度、断裂韧性与磁性能,研究稀土及其添加方式对硬质合金结构与性能的影响。结果表明,无论以何种方式添加Y2O3或CeO2,最终制备的硬质合金中稀土元素都与氧共存,并以球形颗粒的形式弥散分布于硬质合金的钴粘结相中。稀土硬质合金中WC晶粒球化趋势明显,WC/WC的邻接度由0.6降低至0.39,断裂韧性由12.8 MPa?m1/2提高至16.7 MPa?m1/2。球形、弥散分布的稀土氧化物颗粒会破坏合金结构的连续性,导致合金强度降低。     

高Ta钛合金在沸腾硝酸中的腐蚀行为

对高Ta含量钛合金Ti-32Ta在8 mol/L沸腾硝酸溶液中进行了全浸腐蚀实验,研究了Ti-32Ta合金在沸腾硝酸中的腐蚀行为。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线衍射光电子能谱(XPS)等分析方法对钛合金腐蚀表面的钝化膜进行了成分、组织结构及合金价态分析。结果表明:Ti-32Ta合金在沸腾硝酸溶液中呈现均匀腐蚀行为,在介质中通入一定流量的新鲜空气对合金稳定腐蚀阶段的腐蚀速率影响不大。与Ti-6Ta合金相比,Ti-32Ta合金腐蚀后形成的钝化膜更薄更致密,耐蚀性能更好。两种合金腐蚀钝化膜中Ti和Ta的价态组成相同,Ti-32Ta合金腐蚀表面Ta及Ta2O5的含量高于Ti-6Ta合金腐蚀表面。     

Influence of rare earth elements on corrosion resistance of BFe10-1-1 alloys in flowing marine water

The corrosion behavior of BFe10-1-1 alloy with different rare earth (RE) contents in simulated flowing marine water was investi-gated by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was demonstrated that the corrosion rate of BFe10-1-1 alloy with the same chemical compositions in faster flow velocity of marine water was higher than that in a lower flow velocity of marine water. Fixing the flow velocity, BFe10-1-1 alloy had the best flushing corrosion resistance when the RE content was 0.04wt.%. The consequence of such good corrosion resistance was attributed to the formation of compact protective film on alloy surface containing RE phase such as CeNi5- The RE-contained film combines with other corrosion products firmly, which was difficult to fall off from the alloy surface in the flowing marine water. Additionally, SEM analysis confirmed that pitting mechanism, which would be transformed to spalling mechanism gradually with further increasing RE content, was the prevalent mechanism when the alloy contained 0.04wt.%RE.     

Effect of rare earths on corrosion resistance of Cu-30Ni alloys in simulated seawater

Cu-30Ni-xRE(x=0-0.213 wt.%) alloy was prepared by adding rare earths(RE) in melted Cu-30Ni alloy using metal mould casting method.The effects of RE on corrosion resistance of the alloy in simulated seawater were investigated using optical microscope,scanning electronic microscope with energy-dispersive spectrometer and electrochemical measurement system.The results showed that the corrosion resistance of Cu-30Ni alloy was greatly improved by adding proper amount of RE,whereas excess addition of RE worsened ...     

Effects of rare earth on inclusions and corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steel

The types,morphologies and distributions of nonmetallic inclusions in Cu-P weathering steels with and without rare earth were analyzed through a quantitative image analyzer,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)attached to SEM.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in the steels was analyzed by non-aqua electroanalysis and ICP.The results showed that rare earth modified the types and the morphologies of inclusions in the weathering steels.The small spherical rare earth oxysulfides and rare earth sulphides replaced the elongated MnS inclusions in the RE weathering steels.The rare earth inclusions dispersedly distributed and most inclusions were smaller than 2 μm in size.The optimum content of RE was 0.0065%-0.016% for 10PCuRE weathering steels containing about0.002% oxygen and 0.004% sulfur.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in steels was(14-20)x 10-6,which can act as a micro-alloying element.The corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steels and Q235 were studied by dry-wet cyclic immersion test.Their corrosion rates were obtained respectively.The polarization curves and pitting corrosion behaviors of weathering steels with and without rare earth were measured by electrochemical methods.The corrosion resistance of Cu-P weathering steels was improved by adding an appropriate amount of rare earth.Less and fewer rare earth inclusions largely decreased pitting susceptibility and rate of pit propagation.The pitting potential and the resistance against pitting corrosion of the RE weathering steel were significantly improved due to the modification of rare earth to inclusions.     

孕育剂对硼铸铁耐腐蚀性的影响

本文利用含硼生铁作加硼剂,采用７５硅铁,１＃稀土合金,稀土硅钡等孕育剂研究了孕育后硼铸铁（含硼量为０．０６％）的组织和耐腐蚀性能。对硼铸铁进行孕育,其组织发生了明显的变化。随孕育剂加入量的增加,石墨形态发生了明显的变化,珠光体增加,碳化物减少。孕育硼铸铁在酸性介质中,耐蚀性明显好于未孕育硼铸铁,１＃稀土合金孕育剂孕育的硼铸铁的耐蚀性最好。     

Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of Rare Earth Conversion Coatings on AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

Magnesiumalloysarewidelyusedinweaponin dustry,spacenavigationandhavegoodpotentialof applicationanddevelopmentindailycommunication facilitiesduetotheirpropertiesoflightweightandhighstrength[1].Appliedasstructuralmaterials,mag nesiumalloysmayeasilycrackduet…     

Influence of Nd and Y additions on the corrosion behaviour of extruded Mg-Zn-Zr alloys

To improve the corrosion resistance of wrought magnesium alloys through rare earth (RE) additions, the corrosion behaviour of Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr-xNd (x=0, 1, and 2; wt%) and Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr-2Nd-yY (y=0.5 and 1; wt%) alloys in a 5wt% NaCl solution was investigated using immersion test and electrochemical measurements. The results of immersion test show that Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr-2Nd alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance among the tested alloys. Electrochemical measurements show that secondary phases in RE-containing Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr alloys behave as less noble cathodes in micro-galvanic corrosion and suppress the cathodic process. The additions of Nd and Y into Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr alloy also improve the compactness of the corrosion product film and are beneficial to the corrosion resistance.     

晶粒细化对Cu-40Ni合金在酸性含Cl-介质中耐蚀性能的影响

采用电弧熔炼（CA）和机械合金化（MA）通过热压烧结工艺制备了晶粒尺寸差别较大的Cu-40Ni合金，借助于PARM273A和M5210电化学综合测量仪，利用动电位扫描法和交流阻抗技术对比研究了上述合金在酸性含Cl^-介质中的腐蚀电化学性能以及腐蚀机制。结果表明：两种合金的腐蚀电位随时间逐渐稳定，在中性Na2SO4溶液中加入H2SO4和NaCl后，两种合金的自腐蚀电位负移；晶粒细化后，两种合金的自腐蚀电位则正移。两种合金在中性及酸性含Cl^-介质中均存在钝化现象，但在酸性含Cl^-介质中钝化区间很短，钝化能力较弱。两种合金的交流阻抗谱均由单容抗弧组成，反应由电化学过程控制。晶粒细化后，合金中存在大量晶界，参与腐蚀反应的活性原子数增加，促使MACu40Ni合金的腐蚀速度高于CACu-40Ni合金。     

稀土对碳素钢在模拟工业性大气腐蚀环境下耐蚀性的影响

 利用浸泡、电化学方法研究了Ce/La混和稀土对碳素钢在腐蚀介质中的缓蚀作用,采用相分析、周浸、锈层分析等方法研究了稀土对碳素钢耐工业性大气腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：在模拟工业性大气腐蚀环境的酸性NaHSO3溶液中,稀土丝分解后生成的稀土离子是一种混合型缓蚀剂;在对碳素钢的缓蚀过程中,Ce/La离子沉积于同一区域;随钢中稀土含量增加,钢中相界固溶稀土和稀土/铁金属间化合物总量增加,钢的耐蚀性得到大幅度提高。另外,还对稀土减缓钢铁腐蚀过程进行了讨论,提出了稀土对碳素钢的缓蚀机理。     

稀土铁基自熔基合金抗硫化氢腐蚀性能的实验研究

近年来关于稀土在热喷涂（焊）材料中的应用研究正日益受到人们的重视。铁基自熔合金末作为一种广泛使用的热喷涂（焊）材料具有价格低廉，喷涂（焊）层的耐磨性较好等优点，但其耐蚀性较差。为此，本研究引入稀土对其改性。通过熔炼－雾化工艺制备了稀土铁基自熔合金粉末，并考察了稀土对铁基自熔合金喷焊层在硫化氢介质中气蚀和在含硫化氢的中性氯化钠溶液中浸蚀的影响。结果表明，铁基自熔合金（含稀土和不含稀土）喷焊层试样表现出较强的抗硫化氢能力。铁基合金喷焊层试样在含硫化氢的4Wt%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率随稀土的添加量增加量增加而逐渐降低，且稀土添加量有最佳值0.2Wt%。     

耐腐蚀摩托艇ADC12-0.5La铝合金微观组织及制备

为改善ADC12铝合金的耐腐蚀性能,通过超声熔铸法制备ADC12-0.5La铝合金,并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、硬度计、浸泡腐蚀试验和电化学工作站研究了T6热处理和稀土La改性对ADC12铝合金的微观组织、硬度和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,T6态ADC12-0.5La铝合金微观组织明显细化,α-Al尺寸减小,形貌变圆整,共晶Si相和AlFeMnSi相细化为短棒状。相比于ADC12铝合金,T6态ADC12-0.5La铝合金硬度达到117.7HV,提高了26.8%,腐蚀电流密度降低了10.7%,腐蚀电位上升了64.4%,腐蚀速率降低了54.4%,腐蚀表面平坦且光滑,表现为较轻微的晶间腐蚀。T6态ADC12-0.5La铝合金提高了腐蚀电位,Al-La-Cu稀土相阻碍了电子移动,铝合金的耐腐蚀性能得到大幅度提高。