高效液相色谱-氢化物发生原子荧光联用法检测 不同基质食品中的砷含量及其形态

目的建立高效液相色谱-氢化物发生原子荧光联用法检测大虾、金枪鱼、虾油、大米和菠菜等不同基质食品中的砷含量及其化学形态。方法将大虾、金枪鱼、虾油、大米和菠菜样品采用HNO_3(0.15 mol/L)浸提,高效液相色谱-氢化物发生原子荧光联用法进行砷形态的研究,并用湿法消解-原子荧光光谱法进行总砷含量的测定。结果所测大虾、金枪鱼、虾油、大米、菠菜样品总砷含量为0.23~4.68 mg/kg,有机砷含量为0~3.9 mg/kg。海产品中主要砷形态为2种砷化物:二甲基砷(DMA)和砷甜菜碱(AsB);大米及菠菜样品中主要的砷形态为:三价砷As(Ⅲ)、二甲基砷(DMA)和五价砷As(Ⅴ)。结论该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,重现性好,适用于食品中砷形态含量的定量检测。     

液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法检测水产品中无机砷含量及其风险评估

目的采用液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定水产品中亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ)、砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)的含量;并建立数学预测模型推断市场中水产品中无机砷阳性样品的概率。方法水产品中加入20 mL 0.15 mol/L的HNO_3溶液,放置过夜。置90℃恒温箱中热浸提3.0 h。提取完毕,使2种形态神的化合物溶出,提取液冷却后上机检测。样品检测数据运用风险评估软件@RISK6.2建立数学模型。结果由模型可知水产品和水质产品中无机砷阳性样品检出的亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ)的流行率为7.6%,砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)的流行率为3.1%。结论通过模型可以推断出采样地中大型超市、小型市场中水产品和水质产品中无机砷阳性样品检出的概率,数学模型的建立为有关部门对水产品的风险管理提供技术支撑。     

原子荧光光谱法测定糙米粉中总砷及无机砷的含量

目的 建立原子荧光光谱法测定糙米粉中总砷及无机砷含量的分析方法。方法 糙米粉经烘干称取后, 用硝酸高氯酸硫酸混合湿法消解快速进行总砷前处理, 用1%硝酸水浴热提取进行无机砷前处理, 分别利用原子荧光光谱法及液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法进行总砷和无机砷的测定。结果 总砷在6.0~20.0 μg/L浓度范围内, 无机砷在10.0~100.0 μg/L浓度范围内均具有良好的线性关系(r＞0.999), 大米粉质控样测定值总砷0.26 mg/kg及无机砷0.17 mg/kg, 均在参考值允许范围内, 回收率范围为92.3%~127.1%, 均具有较高的回收率。结论 优化湿法消解处理能较高效地得到准确的测定结果, 糙米粉中无机砷经热提取及流动相环节的优化后, 也可得满意检测结果。     

高效液相色谱-原子荧光联用技术测定 水产品中无机砷

目的建立一种高效液相色谱-原子荧光联用技术测定水产品中无机砷的测定方法。方法样品经1%的硝酸溶液提取,正己烷萃取去除脂质成分,并用0.45μm有机滤膜过滤及C_(18)小柱净化后,采用1 mmol/L磷酸二氢铵溶液(pH 9.0)和20 mmol/L的磷酸二氢铵溶液(pH 8.0)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。提取液经液相色谱分离后进入原子荧光光谱仪测定,以保留时间定性,外标法定量。结果该方法的线性范围为0~100μg/L,相关系数均优于0.999,最低检出限为0.5μg/L。加标回收率在87.9%~99.3%范围内,相对标准偏差均小于2%。结论该方法回收率稳定、灵敏度高、准确度好、杂质干扰少、检测成本低,适用于水产品中无机砷的测定,便于在普通实验室应用。     

响应面优化超声辅助提取羊栖菜中无机砷

采用盐酸作为提取剂,超声辅助提取法对羊栖菜中的无机砷进行提取,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定羊栖菜中的无机砷。为了优化羊栖菜中无机砷的提取工艺,在单因素试验基础上,利用Box-Behnken试验设计原理和响应面分析法,以荧光强度为响应值,选取浸提液浓度、超声提取温度和提取时间3个因素,研究各因素及其交互作用对荧光强度的影响。结果显示:无机砷的最佳提取条件为浸提液浓度6.6mol/L、提取温度53.4℃、提取时间24.4min,在此条件下,检测所得荧光强度为675.51,通过计算得无机砷含量为4.78mg/kg。     

稻米中无机砷检测关键因素研究及方法建立

以标准物质和自然污染样品为对象,对影响稻米中无机砷测定的关键影响因素进行系统研究。揭示粒径对于稻米中无机砷测定的重要影响;通过对不同前处理方法的考察,优选出高效快速的微波辅助提取方式,并借助可精准控温的单模微波消解技术,考察温度以及微波提取升温程序对提取效率的影响,确保各砷形态之间不发生转变的前提下提高粗粒径样品无机砷的提取效率;同时,针对液相-原子荧光光谱法在常用色谱条件下砷形态分离度较差,As~V检测灵敏度较低的问题,对分离流速和流动相组成进行调整,建立微波辅助提取-液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法对稻米样品中的无机砷进行精准快速测定。该方法可实现30 min内对40目样品中的无机砷进行高效提取,10 min对无机砷的有效分离和测试,同时提高无机砷的检测灵敏度和精准性,尤其适合批量大米样品无机砷的测定。     

液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法对大米中无机砷的测定

本文采用液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法对大米中无机砷进行测定。方法:采用稀硝酸提取样品中的无机砷,以液相色谱分离目标物,通过与KBH_4在酸性环境下反应得到气态砷化合物后,采用原子荧光光谱仪进行测定。结果:大米中无机砷含量在0~100.0 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系表现良好,砷酸盐、亚砷酸盐回收率分别为99.2%~102.1%、97.9%~101.0%,重复性分别为1.34%~2.15%、0.81%~2.23%,检出限分别为0.022 9 mg/kg、0.007 2 mg/kg,定量限分别为0.057 2 mg/kg、0.017 9 mg/kg。结论:该方法具有较高准确度和精密度,在大米中无机砷的测定中十分适用。     

液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定紫菜无机砷前处理方法研究

目的采用液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法(liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry,LC-AFS)法测定紫菜中无机砷含量,比较不同浓度提取剂在不同超声提取条件下提取紫菜中无机砷效果,确立紫菜样品无机砷提取方法。方法采用正交试验的方法分析比较不同浓度提取剂在不同超声提取条件下提取紫菜中无机砷效果。结果实验表明,当硝酸浓度为0.15 mol/L,超声提取时间为60 min,超声提取温度为60℃时,提取效果最好。AsⅢ、AsⅤ回收率分别为87.5%~110%和88.5%~106%,精密度分别为9.56%和8.31%。结论该方法检测准确、可靠,具有良好的精密度,适用于紫菜无机砷的提取、检测。     

高效液相色谱原子荧光分光光度联用法测定海产品中的甲基汞含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱原子荧光分光光度法在线联用技术测定海产品中甲基汞的方法.方法 以25％氢氧化钾甲醇溶液水浴加热后超声提取样品,试液中的甲基汞与2-巯基乙醇结合.以5％甲醇溶液(含60 mmol/L乙酸铵和0.1％2-巯基乙醇)作流动相,经Supelco C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,紫外消解后经KBH4还原由原子荧光光度计进行测定.结果 甲基汞的检出限为0.7 μg/L(以汞计),样品测定的相对标准偏差小于4.6％,采用两种参考物质考查方法的准确性,以测定市售海产品中甲基汞含量.结论 本研究通过简化仪器装置,改进前处理步骤,有效地提高了方法的可靠性,该方法简便、快速、可靠,可用于海产品中甲基汞的含量测定.     

基于原子荧光光谱法测定稻谷中总砷及形态砷的研究与分析

目前稻谷中总砷及形态砷的测定方法多种多样,其中,原子荧光光谱法操作简单、检测效率高、结果准确。本实验分别采用微波消解-原子荧光光谱法和液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法(Liquid Chromatography-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry,LC-AFS)对稻谷中总砷与形态砷进行测定,根据检测结果比较总砷和形态砷含量,得知无机砷占比最大,无机砷酸含量占总砷含量的57.4%～71.3%,以亚砷酸为主,其次是以二甲基砷和砷酸形式存在,一甲基砷形态存在最少。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the