电梯导轨直线度测量系统的研究与设计

研制了一种基于位移传感器的电梯导轨直线度测量系统,用于测量电梯导轨顶面直线度,为电梯导轨出厂提供更为精确有效的数据。介绍了该系统的组成、硬件原理以及机械装置;该系统由电阻式位移传感器对导轨的顶面直线度进行采样,经信号整形后,送给STC系列单片机12C5410AD进行处理、分析以及显示;并用最小二乘法与最小区域法对实际测量数据进行了误差判定。结果证明:该系统的测量误差满足要求,具有较高的推广与应用价值。     

三点接续式大尺寸工件直线度动态测量方法研究

讨论大尺寸导轨直线度的动态测量方法。首先介绍了三点接续式测量方案的基本原理及数据处理方法。文章结合电梯T型导轨的侧导向面和上导向面的特点,分别选择涡流传感器和平行激光—线阵CCD传感器,作为直线度动态测量的实现方案。最后,对三点接续式方法的测量误差进行了分析。     

电梯导轨直线度测量装置研究及其误差评定

针对电梯生产厂家,开发了电梯导轨直线度测量系统,并对测量结果进行误差评定,说明该系统用于测量电梯导轨直线度,为电梯导轨出厂提供了更为精确有效的数据.介绍了测量系统的机械结构组成、测量原理;分析了测量误差产生的原因和消除方法;并时误差评定方法进行了详细的介绍.     

电梯导轨安装直线度检测的方法研究

为解决电梯导轨安装人工测量劳动强度大、效率和精度低的问题,在研究不同导轨直线度检测方法的基础上,研究设计基于高精度电涡流位移传感器和虚拟仪器的电梯导轨直线度检测方法,控制电机牵引测量模块沿电梯导轨垂直下降,通过便携式数据采集卡获得高精度位移传感器数据基础上,利用最小二乘法拟合直线并评定直线度,控制器和控制模块软硬件系统简单可行,便于现场实施,在有效提高检测精度的基础上降低安装人员检测劳动强度。     

基于PSD的电梯导轨动态测量系统

研制了1种基于PSD的激光准直测量系统。该测量系统利用PSD的高分辨率、高响应速度等特点，可以准确、动态地测量电梯导轨的直线度，铅垂度等参数。现场实验表明该测量系统易用且可靠。     

基于多传感器融合的电梯导轨性能检测方法研究

为了高效地测量电梯导轨的直线度、垂直度、接头台阶偏差等多项参数,提出了一种基于多传感器信号分析的方法,并依据该方法设计了一套拖曳小车一体化智能检测装置,该装置由动力系统、测量小车、主控电脑3个部分组成。测量小车搭载加速度传感器和倾角传感器,在动力系统的牵引下沿电梯导轨上下运动。将传感器测得的数据传回主控电脑,根据加速度信号计算电梯导轨的接头台阶偏差,根据倾角信号计算直线度和垂直度,并实时显示在显示器上。试验结果表明,此方法比传统的吊线尺量方法效率更高,且精度符合要求。     

基于电涡流位移传感器的嵌入式滚转角测量方法

导轨运动副在运动过程中会产生6个自由度误差,滚转角误差一直是测量的难点。提出一种基于电涡流位移传感器的滚转角在线测量方法和装置。该方法将导轨固定于基准平面,电涡流位移传感器探头通过连接板安装在运动平台上,其中两个探头相距L,并且连线垂直导轨运动轴线,平台运动过程中,两个探头通过测得的导轨直线度误差间接得到导轨滚转角误差;考虑到基准平面平面度误差影响,建立了误差补偿模型,对基准平面平面度误差对滚转角误差测量引起的角度变化量进行补偿,从而计算出导轨精确滚转角误差。静态和动态加载对比试验结果表明:在导轨运动距离为100 mm,导轨滚转角误差变化范围为-32.5″至8.6″时,本方法与标准中的水平仪法比对残差在±1.5″左右,验证了该测量系统的可行性和所提出的补偿方法的有效性。提出的导轨滚转角测量方法充分考虑和减少了基准平面平面度误差的影响。此外,所提方法可以实现在线测量,可以与其他电涡流位移传感器相结合,组成结构简单、测量精度高、抗干扰能力强的多自由度在线测量系统。     

电梯导轨对轿厢振动的影响

运用开发的在线测量电梯导轨直线度的仪器对电梯导轨进行了在线测试，得到导轨的直线度数据；通过建立轿厢水平振动模型，以导轨的直线度数据作为振动激励，对系统进行了振动仿真并与实验结果进行了比对，结果显示仿真的振动频率与振动仪所测的频率基本相符。分析结果说明，电梯导轨直线度是轿厢产生振动的主要原因之一，随着电梯速度的提高，振动强度加大，会出现一比中心频率高的振动。     

分析电梯导轨直线度和扭曲度检验系统的研制

电梯的运输功能突出,为加强其安全性,需在各个方面进行有效的检验分析,特别是导轨直线度以及扭曲度两个方面,应该通过相关的检验系统来完成,告别单一检验的不足,在各个方面创造出较高的价值。文章针对电梯导轨直线度和扭曲度检验系统展开讨论,并提出合理化建议。     

一种电梯导轨参数测量仪的研发

电梯导轨是电梯的重要组成部分,其轨距偏差、安装质量是影响电梯安全性和舒适性的重要因素之一.为了解决电梯导轨参数传统测量方法中存在的测量操作繁琐、精度低、难度大等缺点,基于CCD传感器、激光垂准仪、单片机控制模块、蓝牙传输模块等研发了一种电梯导轨参数测量仪,主要由主动测量装置、随动测量装置、主控制器、上位机等4部分组成.基于Visual Basic 6.0软件开发了一套可进行同类型、不同尺寸电梯导轨测量的上位机,通过对测量的数据进行导轨三维实体建模并进行算法处理分析,可获得导轨轨距偏差、垂直度偏差、平行度偏差等数据.通过现场的检验比对表明,该电梯导轨参数测量仪的测量精度达到0.1 mm,提高了检验员在导轨检验时的安全性和准确性.     

The optimal design of a measurement system to measure the geometric errors of linear axes

In this paper, a measurement system consisting of an L-type reference mirror and five capacitive sensors is analyzed and optimized to measure the geometric errors of linear axes more accurately. The positions of the reference coordinate system and capacitive sensors are optimized to minimize the standard uncertainty of estimated geometric errors, which is due to the standard uncertainty of the component—the L-type reference mirror and the capacitive sensors. Primarily, the flatness of the L-type reference mirror and the linearity of the capacitive sensors cause the component uncertainties. The capacitive sensors fixed on the linear axis are moved, and the L-type reference mirror is fixed on the base of the machine tool to eliminate Abbe's error, which is proportional to the command position of a linear axis. Five geometric errors of a linear axis are measured with a single setup and single measurement, simply. Finally, the optimized measurement system is applied to measure the geometric errors of linear axes X and Y of a three-axis machine tool. And the standard uncertainties of the measured geometric errors are calculated based on the specifications of the L-type reference mirror and the capacitive sensors.     

电梯导轨反弯矫直弹塑性变形分析

电梯导轨是电梯的重要组成部件,它的平直度直接影响电梯的运行性能,如平稳度、噪声等。本文应用材料力学与弹塑性力学理论,分阶段推导了电梯导轨T型钢进入弹塑性弯曲变形时中性层的变化规律及弯矩的表达式,给出了弯矩比与弹区比的关系式,为其矫直参数的设计计算提供一定的参考。     

Straightness and flatness tolerance evaluation: an optimization approach

This paper presents an optimization approach that could be used to calculate exact values of straightness and flatness errors as defined by the ANSI Y14.5M standards on geometric dimensioning and tolerancing. The straightness and flatness error evaluation problems are formulated as nonlinear optimization problems with linear objective function and nonlinear constraints. Because of the special structure of the problem, a linear search method is developed that reduces the nonlinear problem to a linear programming problem with only two constraints. Examples are presented to compare the optimization approach with the least-squares method and some exact methods. The results show that the optimization procedures presented in this paper provide exact values of straightness and flatness errors and are superior to the existing methods in terms of computation time.     

基于神经网络的电梯导轨校直计算

以电梯导轨校直过程中支点跨距、初始最大挠度为输入参数,校直行程和校直后测点的极差为输出,采用有限元优化设计方法得到的数据作为样本,建立了神经网络模型并使用样本对其进行了训练,利用随机数据对训练后的神经网络进行了测试.结果表明,将经过充分训练的神经网络应用于电梯导轨校直行程计算可以得到精确的计算结果,同时神经网络也可以反映校直后的导轨弯曲形式,为电梯导轨校直专家系统提供了一定参考.     

ALTERABLE INTERVAL OPTICALELECTRONIC AUTOCOLLIMATION METHOD FOR STRAIGHTNESS MEASUREMENT OF PRECISION GUIDE

0 INTRODUCTIONThe guide straightness strongly influences the performanceof kinetic parts, so straightness measurement[1-5] is widely ap-plied in engineering. An optical-electronic autocollimationmethod is widely used for high precision straightness measur…     

A high-precision five-degree-of-freedom measurement system based on laser collimator and interferometry techniques

A novel sensitivity improving method for simultaneously measuring five-degree-of-freedom errors of a moving linear stage is proposed based on collimator and interferometry techniques. The measuring principle and parameters of the system are analyzed theoretically. The experimental results proved that the resolution of the linear displacement of the proposed method has twice that of the current linear interferometer, and the resolutions of the two-dimensional straightness error measurement can be improved by a factor of 8 compared with the movement of the retroreflector itself by using multireflection and lens magnification. The resolutions of the pitch and yaw angular error measurement have been improved by a factor of 10 compared with the rotation of the plane mirror itself by using expander lenses. The whole measuring system is characterized of simple structure, small volume, and high precision. The moving component of the measurement system is wireless, which eliminates the errors and inconvenience introduced by the wire connection. Calibration and comparison tests of this system compared with Renishaw laser interferometer system have been carried out. Experimental results show good consistency for measuring a linear guide way.     

Geometry of the minimum zone flatness functional: planar and spatial case

The zone straightness and flatness functional is constructed from the definition of the measure. The geometry of the straightness functional is illustrated in the plane, and in three dimensions, a novel means to visually represent flatness is described using the zone separation body. The zone separation body is a new construction that is uniquely associated with every measurement dataset and can be used to represent the flatness functional visually.