复合增程弹结构布局与最佳弹道的匹配设计

将底部排气技术和火箭助推技术同时应用到同一弹丸上 ,是许多国家致力探索的一种使弹丸打得更远的新途径。本文针对三种总体结构布局形式的底排—火箭复合增程弹 ,分析了它们的结构特点和底排装置、火箭装置的工作特性 ,详细讨论了复合增程弹底排—火箭工作时序选择对弹道特性的影响以及实现理论上最佳弹道的匹配条件     

底排火箭复合增程弹射程影响因素及其规律性研究

文中结合底排火箭复合增程弹的弹道特性和火箭增程效率影响因素的分析，分别计算了火箭工作特征参量（火箭点火时间、火箭增速）、弹丸初始参量（发射角、质量、初速）等因素的变化对复合增程弹射程的影响规律。计算结果所揭示的规律性对底排火箭复合增程弹的工程研制具有较好的应用价值。     

变质量弹丸结构特征数的弹道计算方法

分析了在弹丸在飞行过程中质量衰减（如底排增程弹和底排－火箭复合增程弹）对其主要结构特征数的变化影响，建立了一种与四自由度修正质点弹道或六自由度刚体弹道的弹道计算模型相配套的计算模型，经算例验证该模型计算准确可靠。     

底排-火箭复合增程弹外弹道模型研究

文中通过对底排—火箭复合增程弹外弹道特征的分析,利用底排总阻减阻率公式推导出了底阻减小率与弹形系数之间的关系。通过简化底排质量流量计算公式并用平均推力代替实际火箭推力建立了复合增程弹的外弹道模型。用所建模型对外弹道参数进行了计算,计算结果与试验结果吻合的一致性较好。所建外弹道模型对该类弹丸的初步设计和弹道参数匹配研究具有重要的指导意义。     

喷咀轴向位置对复合增程弹气动特性的影响

底排-火箭复合增程弹分置式布局,即底排装置设置在弹底,火箭助推装置设置在弹丸前端的弧形段部分,是一种特别适合于子母弹的先进布局方式。文中对火箭喷咀轴向位置的变化对分置式结构底排-火箭复合增程弹气动特性影响进行了风洞实验研究。实验Ma数为2.0和3.0,迎角为0°～6°,喷流压力比为0～189.6,喷流介质为冷空气,喷咀倾角30°,喷咀数量4个,喷咀轴向位置有三种,分别位于弹丸肩部、头部弧形段和圆柱部。实验研究结果表明:喷流后喷咀轴向位置位于弹丸肩部时弹丸阻力系数和俯仰力矩系数下降幅度最大,而升力系数及压心系数增加幅度最大,底阻增加幅度最小,是最有利于飞行的一种布局方式。     

结构特征参量连续变化增程弹道模型

为了分析底排-火箭复合增程弹在飞行过程中结构特征参量变化对外弹道性能的影响,在结构特征参量不变化和非连续变化的弹道计算模型基础上,根据复合增程装置的工作特点,结合底排药剂和火箭药剂的质量损耗形式,建立了结构特征参量连续变化的弹道计算模型.以某型弹为例,通过对3种弹道模型的理论计算结果对比,分析了结构特征参量变化对弹丸速度、射程以及飞行稳定性的影响.结构特征参量连续变化与不变化的弹道计算模型相比,陀螺稳定因子大8%左右,动态稳定综合因子在增程装置工作结束时刻大16.83%,结构特征参量连续变化的计算结果更加符合实际情况.     

某底排-火箭复合增程弹再增程的分析与设计

底部排气装置与火箭助推发动机复合增程是目前炮弹增程技术中一项有效的技术,它综合了底排减阻与火箭增程技术的优点,使炮弹远程技术得到了新的发展。通过论述底排-火箭复合增程原理,分析了底排-火箭复合增程弹的结构形式及各自特点、影响底排-火箭复合增程弹射程的主要因素,提出了某型号底排-火箭复合增程弹的改进方案,通过相关静态实验和靶场射击试验结果分析,验证了该方案的可行性。     

某海炮复合增程炮弹底排药工作异常原因解析

某海炮复合增程弹在系统试验中出现发射出炮口后底排破碎掉药、工作异常现象,导致射程偏近,通过对底排药、发射装药系统、底排装置、底排火箭结构匹配等层层系列排查、对比分析,找到了导致复合增程弹底排药异常工作的影响因素,改进后通过高低常温大样本量发射考核,异常现象消除,彻底解决了底排药发射后异常工作的故障,提高了复合增程弹使用可靠性。     

底排-火箭复合增程弹弹道参数优化研究

建立了底排－火箭复合增程弹质点弹道参数优化数学模型，并应用约束变尺度法求解，编制了优化设计了计算程序。同时，以１３０复合增程弹为例说明了本方法的可行性。     

对底排火箭复合增程弹底排结构的认识

为更好认识国内外底排火箭复合增程弹串联结构方式中底排的结构,对底排结构组成、工作原理和主要部件的作用进行了分析。采用有限元仿真分析和不同结构对比试验的方法进行验证。通过仿真分析和试验验证,提出底排结构设计中应注意的几个关键问题,可为复合底排在串联式底排火箭复合增程弹的工程应用提供参考。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.