P204-HCl-H3cit体系萃取分离轻稀土的研究

针对在高酸度下二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(P204)萃取轻稀土氯化物时,La3 、Ce3 、Pr3 、Nd3 之间分离系数较低的问题,以H3cit-HCl-RECl3溶液为水相,1.5mol/LP204-煤油为有机相,进行了单级萃取实验,实验结果表明,P204在萃取高酸度稀土溶液时(pH=1.0)轻稀土分离系数和有机萃取量明显高于无柠檬酸(H3cit)的萃取体系.考察了P204萃取分离柠檬酸轻稀土时料液酸度、柠檬酸浓度、料液浓度对分离系数的影响,并与生产实际中皂化P204-HCl体系Ce/Pr分离生产线的萃取结果进行了对比,其结果说明,由于柠檬酸的加入强化了Ce和Pr的分离过程,所以在柠檬酸体系中Ce/Pr的分离效果优于盐酸体系.     

轻稀土矿预分萃取法Nd/Sm新工艺研究

轻稀土矿预分萃取法Nd/Sm新工艺由预分萃取段、预分洗涤段和预洗水相Nd/Sm分组构成。研究结果：5级预分萃取段的出口水相La-Nd轻稀土分离纯度>99.99%,5级预分洗涤段的出口有机相Sm-Lu、Y中重稀土分离纯度>99.995%;只有轻稀土矿的4.2%稀土量进入级数较多30级的Nd/Sm分组中分离,其出口水相出口有机相的分离纯度均可>99.99%。该方法稀土矿处理量大,能耗低,且新工艺的萃取槽体积大为减少,工业生产易于控制。     

环烷酸萃取体系中单一稀土和铝的分配比及分离系数的研究

对不同萃取剂皂化值、料液酸度和铝浓度条件下,单一稀土和铝在环烷酸体系中的分配比和分离系数进行研究,结构表明料液的酸度较高时,皂化值为0.35 M环烷酸体系可以获得铝和稀土相对更高的分离系数及更好的分离效果。铝离子浓度较低时,料液酸度较高的条件下仍可实现稀土和铝的较好分离,而铝离子浓度较高时(150 mmol/L),料液酸度较高不利于稀土和铝的分离。     

轻稀土萃取分离皂化废水回用配制皂化剂

轻稀土萃取分离产生的皂化废水直接回用配制皂化剂,根据这些废水中含氯化钠浓度、含有的微量稀土离子不同,同时根据轻稀土元素萃取分离的纯度要求回用皂化废水,结果表明:回用皂化废水降低了废水排放量,节省了新水,提高废水中氯化钠的浓度,降低浓缩、结晶回收氯化钠能源消耗,同时提高了稀土收率、降低有机消耗。     

高浓度稀土浸出液的协同分步萃取试验研究

P204和P507常用作萃取剂用于稀土浸出液的萃取,采用单一萃取剂萃取难以有效分离、富集稀土,本文利用P507萃取高浓度稀土溶液时对轻稀土萃取能力较弱而P204萃取能力强的特点,创新性提出采用P507与TBP协同萃取中重稀土,然后采用P204与TBP协同萃取轻稀土的工艺,并进行了萃取、反萃取试验,得出以下结论。在试验原料条件下,采用二级萃取工艺,当相比A/O=10/1、pH值4.0、常温、P507体积分数35%、TBP体积分数5%时,P507+TBP对中、重稀土的萃取率较佳,均能达到90%以上;采用二级萃取工艺,在P204体积分数35%、TBP体积分数5%、相比A/O=15/1、常温、萃取时间5 min的条件下,P204+TBP对轻稀土的萃取率达到97%。P507与P204的负载有机相在适当的酸性条件下,P507负载有机相经二级逆流反萃、P204负载有机相经三级逆流反萃后均可得到高浓度的稀土富集液,浓度值达到直接进入萃取分离线的要求。该研究在低能耗、低试刘消耗条件下实现了稀土提取利用及初步分离,所生产的氯化稀土溶液可以直接进入稀土分离厂进行分离提纯,为高浓度稀土回收分离提供了参考。     

混合稀土料液中环烷酸萃取分离稀土和铝的研究

在环烷酸体系中,对不同混合轻稀土料液酸度、铝浓度和萃取剂皂化值条件下,一定配比混合稀土和铝的分配比D、分离系数β进行研究。结果表明,混合稀土料液酸度pH=0.5时,D_(Al)=16,D_(RE)=0.044 8,β_(Al)/_(RE)=356.9;当料液中Al_2O_3浓度为0.17～0.32g/L时,氧化铝的分配比D_(Al)1,β_(Al)/_(RE)有较大值;皂化度为0.3mol/L时,不仅能够避免由过皂化引起的乳化发生,同时稀土和铝还有较好的分离效果。因此高酸度、低浓度铝和低皂化度的环烷酸体系可以获得铝和混合稀土更好的分离效果和较高的分离系数。在最优工艺条件下进行稀土和铝分离萃取试验,有机相和水相较易分层,萃取反应界面基本无三相,分相极为理想,余液中铝含量小于0.011%,满足工业生产对铝含量的要求。     

MIBK萃取分离铪钛的影响因素研究

采用MIBK萃取剂在硫氰酸盐介质中对铪、钛进行萃取分离,考察水相NH4SCN浓度、水相酸度、有机相中HSCN预饱和浓度、相比、时间等对铪、钛分配比和分离系数的影响。结果表明,优化工艺为:NH4SCN浓度1.0 mol/L、水相酸度1.0 mol/L、有机相不经HSCN预饱和、相比1.5∶1、萃取时间7min。铪、钛分配比分别达到18.20和0.16,铪、钛分离系数达到107。     

P204-HCl-H3cit体系中镧铈分配比及分离系数研究

针对P204萃取剂在HCl体系中高酸度下镧铈分离系数较低的问题,研究了含有柠檬酸(H3cit)的P204-HCl体系中,料液酸度与柠檬酸浓度对镧铈分配比和分离系数及萃取容量的影响.采用FT-IR方法分析了镧铈分离系数提高的机理.实验结果表明:在P204-HCl-H3cit体系中,镧铈的分配比和分离系数随酸度的增大而降低,随柠檬酸浓度的增加而提高,稀土元素的萃取容量随柠檬酸浓度的增大而提高.当料液酸度pH值为1.0、柠檬酸浓度为0.25mol/L时,镧和铈的分离系数为4.1,稀土的最大萃取容量为24 g/L,其指标优于相同酸度下的皂化P204-HCl体系.     

稀土萃取分离

稀土萃取分离澳大利亚核科学技术部研究了用Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ和Ｉｏｎｑｕｅｓｔ萃取时，稀土元素在不同稀释剂中的分离系数。他们用独居石生产工艺所得的一种稀土氯化物溶液进行溶剂萃取，以确定萃取剂和稀释剂对稀土在水相和有机相中分配系数以及稀土间分离系数的影响。萃取...     

从高NH_4Cl的稀土溶液中提取混合轻稀土氯化物

为充分发挥稀土的经济效益,提高稀土元素的利用率,我们采用P507萃取,将稀土元素分离为轻、重两组,重稀土进入有机相,混合轻稀土氯化物留于水相。但在萃取调整酸度时,产生NH_4Cl(萃取原料中含NH_4Cl<3g/L,萃取后增加到30g/L以上)。因此必须以萃取后含NH_4Cl>30g/L的混合轻稀土水相作原料(以下简称原料),提取含RE_2O_3≥45％的固体轻稀土氯化物产品。如     

合金渣中铪的MIBK萃取分离试验

采用MIBK作为萃取剂,在盐酸体系下,对含铪合金渣中的铪进行萃取分离试验,主要考察合金渣中含量较高的锆、钛、铬和铪在萃前液不同氢离子浓度、NH4SCN浓度、有机相HSCN浓度及相比下的分离性能。结果表明,铪和锆钛分离难度较大、和铬分离较易,铪的最优分离条件为:萃前液氢离子浓度0.96mol/L、萃前液NH4SCN浓度2.56mol/L、有机相HSCN浓度2.73 mol/L、相比1。在最优条件下,铪和锆的相对分离系数为6.63,铪的分配比为1.79,对于锆含量较低的合金渣,可以有效提升锆铪分离效率,钛最好于萃取分离前进行分离。     

环烷酸体系萃取分离稀土和铝的实验研究

在不改变料液酸度的条件下,研究了不同皂化值、相比和萃取级数对稀土和铝在环烷酸体系中的分配比和分离系数的影响.实验结果表明,环烷酸萃取体系分离稀土和铝的较优工艺参数为：皂化值0.25 mol/L、相比O/A=1.5,在此条件下,分配比DAl=4.035,DRE=0.111,分离系数βAl/RE=36.35,此外,随着萃取级数的增加,除铝率也会增加,当萃取级数大于2时,除铝率可达95%以上.     

Separation of Th~(4 ) and RE~(3 ) with Hollow Fiber Extraction

Ｔｈｏｒｉｕｍｉｓａｍａｉｎｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｆｒａｄｉｏａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｉｎｔｈｅｒａｒｅｅａｒｔｈｍｉｎｅｒａｌｓ．Ｔｈｅｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｔｏｒｅｍｏｖｅｔｈｏｒｉｕｍｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆｓｅｖｅｒａｌｓｔｅｐｓｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ...     

萃取流量参数对稀土槽分布的影响

以国内某稀土厂生产萃取线A的La/CePr/Nd萃取过程为研究对象,通过采集和分析萃取槽各级有机相和水相中稀土元素的含量,明确不同皂化有机相流量、料液流量、酸流量等条件对各级稀土元素含量分布和稀土总量的影响。适当提高皂化有机相流量、料液流量和酸流量,可使水相出口处La的含量较高,从而保证出口产品纯度,但会使55级有机相出口处有机相中Ce组分含量较高,Pr、Nd组分含量较低,增加下一系列分离Pr、Nd的压力。     

Use of Binary Extractants for Extraction and Separation of Noble Metals

The distribution of platinum metals and gold in the systems with binary extractants (salts of amines, quaternary ammonium bases (QAB), and organic acids) in toluene has been studied. It was shown that anion exchange mechanism complicated by interactions of components in organic phase is realized during metal extraction from 1–3 M HCl solutions. When acidity of aqueous phase decreases distribution coefficients of noble metals are decreased according to binary extraction regularities of mineral acids in (he systems with salts of trioctylamine and QAB. In the systems with caprylate and alkylphenolate of dioctylamine in the region of high pH values of aqueous phase, palladium distribution coefficients are increased due to formation in the organic phase of complexes with direct coordination of amine molecules to atoms of palladium and their stability is, obviously, higher than that of dioctylamine salts with corresponding organic acids. From the investigated binary extractants, the salts of quaternary ammonium bases and strong organic acids (alkylphosphoric, alkylbenzolsulfonic acids) are of great interest for practice. It was shown during extraction of Pt (IV), Pd (II), Ir (IV) and Au (III) chlorocomplexes by 0.1 M solutions of trialkylbenzylammonium alkylsulphonate, metal distribution coefficients in the acidic region are changed from 5 to 150 while distribution coefficients for Rh(III) and Ir(III) did not exceed 0.1 and that creates possibilities for separation of platinum metals. Noble metals are lightly stripped from organic phase by water that it is impossible for initial systems with mineral salts of quaternary ammonium bases. The comparison of the systems with binary extractants and TBP has shown the advantage of binary extraction for obtaining more concentrated stripping solutions.     

Study on separation technology of Pr and Nd in D₂EHPA-HCl-LA coordination extraction system

The separation coefficient of Nd/Pr was lower in D2EHPA-HCl system. Pointing to this problem,the effect of the acidity of feed and the concentration of lactic acid on the distribution ratio,separation coefficient and extraction capacity was investigated in unsaponified D2EHPA-HCl-LA system,and the regression equations were calculated in this paper. The results showed that the distribution ratio and separation coefficient both increased with decreasing of feed acidity and increasing of the lactic acid concentration,and the extraction capacity increased with increasing of lactic acid concentration in D2EHPA-HCl-LA system. When the pH value of the feed was 3.5 and lactic acid concentration was 0.6 mol/L,the max separation coefficient was 1.57,and the extraction capacity was 27.87 g/L.     

不同稀释剂中t-BAMBP萃取铷铯的研究

研究了以t-BAMBP作萃取剂,分别以二甲苯和二乙苯作稀释剂对铷、铯的萃取行为.考察了萃取温度、t-BAMBP浓度、振荡时间、振荡速度、料液相碱度与萃取相比对萃取的影响,比较两种稀释剂在各因素不同的影响.实验结果表明:二甲苯作稀释剂,铷、铯的分离系数较小,但其分配比较高;二乙苯作稀释剂,铷、铯的分离系数较大,但其分配比较低;温度对萃取的影响在二甲苯作稀释剂时更明显且低温对铷、铯萃取有利;不管是二甲苯还是二乙苯作稀释剂,铷、铯的分配比及分离系数均随t-BAMBP浓度的增加而增高,但浓度过高时粘度增加,影响分相速度;不管是二甲苯还是二乙苯作稀释剂,t-BAMBP萃取铷、铯反应较快,在5 min内达到平衡;振荡速度对萃取的影响在二乙苯作稀释剂时更明显,得出最佳振速为180～200 r·min(-1);不管是二甲苯还是二乙苯作稀释剂,铷、铯的分配比及分离系数均随料液相碱度的提高而增高,综合考虑最佳OH(-)浓度为1.0mol·L(-1);二甲苯与二乙苯作稀释剂时分别在萃取相比O/A为1/1和2/1时分配比及分离系数达最大值.     

铝在稀土萃取分离流程中的分布及分离方法研究(I)

本文对非稀土元素铝在P507-HCl体系稀土萃取分离流程Sm/Eu/Gd和～Gd/Tb/Dy中的分布和走向进行了研究,并对其各自的水相料液,进料级、水相出口、三出口和萃取有机相出口的两相稀土组成、浓度和铝含量进行了分析。结合进料级和三出口附近的元素组成计算了铝与钐的分离系数,通过物料平衡计算了铝的进出平衡情况。阐明了铝在其中的分布和走向规律,并提出了氢氧化钠和草酸沉淀等除铝方法。     

Study on separation technology of Pr and Nd in D2EHPA-HCl-LA coordination extraction system

The separation coefficient of Nd/Pr was lower in D₂EHPA-HCl system. Pointing to this problem, the effect of the acidity of feed and the concentration of lactic acid on the distribution ratio, separation coefficient and extraction capacity was investigated in unsaponified D₂EHPA-HCl-LA system, and the regression equations were calculated in this paper. The results showed that the distribution ratio and separation coefficient both increased with decreasing of feed acidity and increasing of the lactic acid concentration, and the extraction capacity increased with increasing of lactic acid concentration in D₂EHPA-HCl-LA system. When the pH value of the feed was 3.5 and lactic acid concentration was 0.6 mol/L, the max separation coefficient was 1.57, and the extraction capacity was 27.87 g/L.     

金铜精矿压氧浸出料液铜铁的萃取分离

研究了金铜精矿压氧浸出后高铜低铁料液中铜铁的萃取分离。利用P507萃取浸出液中的铁,0.01 mol/L硫酸洗涤有机相,6.0 mol/L盐酸反萃,萃铁后液以Na2CO3沉铜,硫酸溶解该沉淀后,可送铜的精练。铜铁分离系数为1 030,铜回收率可达96.26%。