某优化前后的汽油机与汽车性能匹配的分析

为了提高某汽油机与汽车的匹配性能,应用AVL的Cruise软件对某汽油机在优化设计前搭载汽车进行了动力性能、燃油经济性能等仿真计算和分析,根据AVL Boost软件对优化前汽油机的关键工况点进行了优化计算,提出了汽油机配气机构的优化设计方案,再利用Cruise软件分析优化后的发动机搭载同一款汽车的匹配性能,仿真结果表明满足提高整车性能的要求.     

插电式并联混合动力汽车仿真与能量管理策略

以某插电式并联混合动力汽车为研究对象,基于AMESim仿真平台搭建由驾驶员模块、发动机模块、电池模块、车辆控制单元、变速器模块、电机模块等组成仿真模型,并设计能量管理策略。对全球轻型车辆测试循环(worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle, WLTC)和JC08 2种不同工况下混动汽车的动力性和经济性进行仿真。结果表明：仿真车速与实际控制车速的匹配度几乎完全重合,仿真模型准确可靠;纯电模式下车速由0加速到100 km/h的加速时间为8.53 s; WLTC工况下油耗为5.789 L/(100 km),比传统燃油车油耗节约28.73%,JC08工况下油耗5.077 L/(100 km),比传统燃油车油耗节约27.69%。     

Atkinson循环汽油机热力学性能模拟开发及试验研究

对东风汽车某自然吸气发动机的仿真模型进行试验对标,根据阿特金森循环的原理对发动机模型进行压缩比和配气相位的优化计算,最后对原发动机进行改装并开展了性能验证试验。研究结果表明:改进后样机在满足动力性能要求的条件下,中低转速的燃油消耗率相比原机得到了较好的改善,其中部分负荷特征工况点的燃油消耗率降低约2%~4%。     

某型汽油机降油耗分析计算

为了满足国家乘用车第3阶段油耗法规,应用AVL Cruise软件对某汽油机车型进行降油耗仿真计算,找出了此型汽油机在整车测试循环工况中的一些关键工况,利用AVL Boost软件对这些工况点进行了优化计算并提出了优化方向,通过对气门升程曲线的优化和设计合适的进气可变气门正时(VVT)控制策略,以满足在保持原车动力性能的基础上降低整车循环工况油耗,采用自主开发的配气机构软件以及AVL EXCITE Timing Driver软件进行配气机构优化设计,仿真结果证明达到预期效果。     

48 V轻混汽车的燃油经济性优化分析及验证北大核心CSCD

为了进一步降低某48 V轻混车辆油耗,采用软件模拟仿真和台架试验结合的研究方法,分析了整车运行过程,搭建了48 V轻混系统的整车经济性仿真模型,进行了仿真与试验相关性研究。基于精度较高的相关性模型,分析了优化运行工况点、液力变矩器锁止离合器策略、制动回收策略等因素对节油的贡献,并在实车上完成了优化方案的验证。结果表明:燃油经济性明显改善,优化后该48 V轻混车辆新欧洲行驶循环(new European driving cycle,NEDC)工况下综合燃油消耗量降低约12%。     

远红外线活化汽油分子对汽车性能影响的研究

本文研究远红外线活化汽油分子后对汽车动力性、燃油经济性和排放污染物的影响。经过一系列对比试验后表明,在47℃~80℃温度环境下发射的波长为4μm~14μm的远红外线对汽车燃油经济性有较显著的影响(汽油车在限定条件下的平均燃油消耗量减少3.9%;汽油车多工况燃油消耗量减少8.6%),对其他性能也有一定的改善。     

非对称双流道涡轮增压器的试验

传统的高压回路废气再循环技术在降低柴油机氮氧化物排放的同时增加了泵气损失,导致柴油机的燃油经济性变差.以一台6缸重型增压柴油机为平台,研究了非对称双流道涡轮增压器对柴油机性能的影响.通过与普通对称式增压器的试验结果进行比较,分析了3个稳态工况下非对称双流道涡轮增压器对该柴油机性能的影响.结果表明:采用非对称双流道涡轮增压器在保证循环废气量的同时能够有效地降低柴油机的泵气损失,使柴油机在中高速工况下的燃油经济性有明显改善;而低速工况的高压循环指示热效率由于受低空燃比的影响较大,燃油经济性改善不明显.     

增程式电动车用Atkinson循环发动机的仿真开发

建立1.5L四缸汽油原型机的一维模型,通过与试验数据的对比验证模型的准确性。设计进气持续期不同的几条进气凸轮型线,增大进气迟闭角,并改变活塞形状以提高模型的几何压缩比,使得模型满足Atkinson循环。利用试验设计(DOE)技术对燃烧参数及配气参数进行优化,得到使用不同凸轮型线模型全负荷工况下的最优比油耗,发现所有模型的比油耗比原机均有所下降,其中使用持续期为280°曲轴转角的进气凸轮型线模型的经济性能最好,并且其动力指标也达到了设计要求。最终选择持续期为280°曲轴转角的进气凸轮型线。最后,比较了部分负荷下发动机的油耗性能,分析转速与负荷对Atkinson循环节油效果的影响。研究结果表明:Atkinson循环在全工况下都能够显著提高发动机的燃油经济性,特别是在中低转速低负荷工况下节油效果最明显。     

基于AMEsim-Simulink/Stateflow联合仿真平台的控制策略建模和车辆性能仿真

基于AMESim-Simulink/Stateflow联合仿真平台,对混联式液压混合动力车辆的传动系统与车辆控制器进行建模。根据车辆的预期行驶状况、蓄能器的压力情况与需求扭矩的变化,实时切换车辆不同的液压混合动力工作模式,采用CYC_1015车辆循环工况对其进行模拟分析。仿真结果表明,采用混联式液压混合动力驱动系统可明显提高车辆的燃油经济性,同时满足车辆的制动效果和动力性能。     

同步碎石封层车增程电驱动混合动力系统设计研究

通过分析传统同步碎石封层车的整车结构、工作原理、作业流程,提出了同步碎石封层车串联混合动力系统结构;基于某型号同步碎石封层车基本参数及动力性能指标,对同步碎石封层车混合动力系统中主要动力元件进行参数匹配研究及选型;结合混动同步碎石封层车4种工作模式下能量流动特点和转场、作业两种工况下的能量需求,研究系统能源管理系统,制定增程式车辆发动机和辅助能量源间的能源管理策略。运用Cruise仿真软件搭建同步碎石封层车混合动力系统仿真模型,将所提能源管理策略导入Cruise仿真平台,基于Cruise和MATLAB联合仿真来研究混动同步碎石封层车动力性能。仿真结果表明：混合动力同步碎石封层车各部分参数匹配都能很好地满足工作要求,发动机可以一直工作在最佳范围内,波动较小,混动同步碎石封层车节油率为24.7%,能量回收率为20.34%,燃油经济性能得到较大提高。     

大气压力/VNT/EGR对车用柴油机性能与排放的影响

为了研究可变喷嘴涡轮增压(VNT)技术、排气再循环(EGR)技术及大气压力三者共同作用对车用柴油机性能与排放的影响,利用大气压力模拟装置开展了相应的试验研究,基于响应曲面法以响应曲面图的形式分析研究VNT喷嘴环开度、EGR阀开度及大气压力3个参数交互作用对柴油机性能与排放的影响。结果表明:随着大气压力的降低及EGR阀开度的增大,柴油机动力性下降,经济性恶化。当VNT与EGR耦合时,在最大转矩工况,在EGR阀关闭及开度较小时,随着VNT喷嘴环开度的减小,转矩呈现增大的趋势,有效燃油消耗率逐渐降低;而在EGR阀开度较大及全开时,随着VNT喷嘴环开度的减小,转矩降低,油耗升高。在标定功率工况,无论EGR阀置于何种开度,随着VNT喷嘴环开度的减小,转矩均增大,油耗均降低。随着大气压力的升高,NOx比排放升高,烟度降低。当VNT与EGR耦合时,在不同的运行工况下,NOx比排放与烟度表现出不同的变化趋势。欲获得良好的整机性能,针对不同的运行工况,需要合理匹配VNT喷嘴环开度与EGR阀开度。     

基于仿真计算的船用柴油机性能优化研究

以某船用大功率高增压柴油机为研究对象,采用一维工作过程软件进行仿真计算,研究不同排气管方案和不同米勒正时方案对柴油机性能的影响规律。结论是:通过匹配柴油机排气能量利用率更高的排气管和适当强度的米勒正时,可以在满足排放法规的前提下,降低柴油机热负荷和燃油消耗率,有利于提高柴油机的可靠性和经济性。     

A real-time PMP energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid buses based on driving segment feature recognition

Establishing a reasonable energy management strategy (EMS) is the key to improve the service durability, power performance and fuel economy of the fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV). This paper obtains energy distribution optimal solution for the fuel cell hybrid bus (FCHB) based on Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP) algorithm, and the problems of inaccurate estimation of motor power and difficult real-time application are solved. Firstly, the driving feature recognition is completed by collecting the motor output power directly when the FCHB stops at the station. On the basis of it, the sub-optimal co-state value is chosen. Secondly, the sub-optimal co-state is used to complete the real-time application of PMP algorithm in the driving segment. The results are acquired through the simulation and the actual comparison experiment, compared with rule-based simulation and rule-based actual experiment, the hydrogen consumption of the proposed strategy decreases by 20.3% and 28.9% on average. Moreover, the online computation time per step of the proposed strategy is 3.64 ms averagely, less than sampling time interval 1s. It is shown that the proposed method has lower hydrogen consumption rate and excellent real-time performance.     

Comparative life cycle assessment of hydrogen pathways from fossil sources in China

Emissions of multiple hydrogen production pathways from fossil sources were evaluated and compared with that of fossil fuel production pathways in China by using the life cycle assessment method. The considered hydrogen pathways are gasoline reforming, diesel reforming, natural gas reforming, soybean‐derived biodiesel (s‐biodiesel) reforming, and waste cooking oil‐derived biodiesel reforming. Moreover, emissions and energy consumption of fuel cell vehicles utilizing hydrogen from different fossil sources were presented and compared with those of the electric vehicle, the internal combustion engine vehicle, and the compression ignition engine vehicle. The results indicate both fuel cell vehicles and the electric vehicle have less greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption compared with the traditional vehicle technologies in China. Based on an overall performance comparison of five different fuel cell vehicles and the electric vehicle in China, fuel cell vehicles operating on hydrogen produced from natural gas and waste cooking oil‐derived biodiesel show the best performance, whereas the electric vehicle has the worse performance than all the fuel cell vehicles because of very high share of coal in the electricity mix of China. The emissions of electric vehicle in China will be in the same level with that of natural gas fuel cell vehicle if the share of coal decreases to around 40% and the share of renewable energy increases to around 20% in the electricity mix of China. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design of 48 V automobile start-stop power system based on lithium ion capacitor

在自主开发的锂离子电容器基础上,基于AVL-Cruise建立了48 V启停电源系统汽车模型。结合安时法、开路电压法和扩展卡尔曼滤波法,设计了器件荷电状态（state of charge,SOC）估计模块,实现在线SOC估计。在MATLAB/Simulink中建立基于模糊控制的能量管理模型,实现发动机启停、纯电动驱动起步、制动能量回收以及主动滑行等功能。最后,根据新欧洲驾驶循环（New European Driving Cycle,NEDC）工况对电源系统的SOC以及整车油耗进行评估。研究结果证明了该系统可实现误差10%以内的SOC估计,同时基于锂离子电容器的48 V启停电源系统具有很好燃油经济性。     

Air cooling strategy of power battery based on minimum energy consumption

针对目前电动汽车动力电池风冷散热能耗高、散热滞后的问题,提出一种基于最小能耗的动力电池风冷控制策略,根据车载导航系统预报的工况信息预测动力电池的未来温升,在满足动力电池散热需求的前提下以风机能耗最少为目标,运用分段式动态规划算法确定风机在未来路段的开启时机与最优风速。以添加了坡度信息的ARB02、HWFET和UDDSHDV的组合工况为测试工况,对动力电池未来温升的精度进行了硬件在环试验,得出实际路况试验温度与预报工况试验温度的最大差值为0.3℃,最大偏差率为0.7%。与其他两种控制策略进行了Fluent仿真对比,结果表明基于最小能耗控制策略下动力电池的最高温度为39.87℃,最大温差为1.1℃;风机能耗是全程开启型控制策略的77.2%,是温度开关型控制策略的53.7%。该策略能有效控制动力电池的温度且风机能耗最小。     

1 000 MW超超临界机组凝结水泵变频优化试验及应用

为了进一步降低凝结水泵运行的厂用电率占比,解决超超临界机组参与电网深度调峰工况下凝结水泵变频控制节能效果受限的问题,通过在1 000 MW超超临界机组上开展现场试验并获取特性数据,针对当前运行现状提出一种适合深度调峰且机组热力系统安全的凝结水泵变频控制策略,并加以实施和变工况验证。优化运行结果表明：该控制策略在保证机组安全稳定运行的前提下,能有效降低凝结水泵的功耗,凝结水泵耗电率由0.218%下降至0.152%;在低负荷阶段节能效果更为显著,在500 MW工况下,凝结水泵功耗由1 057 kW下降至633 kW,下降了40.1%;在400 MW工况下,凝结水泵功耗由1 035 kW下降至512 kW,下降了50.5%。     

An optimal method of the energy consumption for fuel cell hybrid tram

Energy conservation running for vehicle has been a promising research hotspot in the many universities and research institutions. In order to improve the energy utilization rate in the vehicle running process, an optimization method of the energy consumption and recycle based on fuel cell (FC)/supercapacitor (SC) hybrid tram is proposed in this paper. In the method, a tram operation energy management strategy based on Pontriagin's minimum principle (PMP) can effectively was proposed what adjusts the output power of FC and SC and decreases hydrogen consumption. In addition, a tram breaking velocity curve with maximum energy recovery and the allocation strategy between regenerative force and mechanical braking force be also studied in this paper. According to the simulation results, it could be obtained that the Energy conservation rate is about 5% higher than the un-optimized, it will effectively decrease hydrogen consumption.     

丙酮-丁醇-乙醇(ABE)/汽油混合燃料对高速发动机性能影响的试验研究

以发动机4000r/min、节气门开度35%为试验工况,对纯汽油及不同掺混体积分数丙酮-丁醇-乙醇(acetone-butanol-ethanol,ABE)与汽油混合物开展了不同点火提前角和喷油量的试验研究。分析了不同ABE混合比、点火提前角和过量空气系数对发动机性能的影响,并对每种燃料发动机最大功率工况的性能参数进行了比较。结果表明：点火提前角和过量空气系数相同时,混合燃料中ABE含量越高,燃油流量越大,发动机功率越大,有效热效率越高;燃油流量的总热量增大和热-功转换效率提高是促使发动机功率增大的主要原因;随ABE掺混比增加,NO比排放明显降低,CO比排放略有增加,碳氢化合物比排放先增后减。浓混合气工况增加ABE含量比在当量空燃比状态下增加ABE含量,发动机的有效热效率增大更明显,发动机的NO比排放降低更加明显。研究表明高速汽油机掺混ABE燃料具有较好的应用前景。     

Energy Management Strategies based on efficiency map for Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles

The addition of a fast auxiliary power source like a supercapacitor bank in fuel cell-based vehicles has a great potential because permits a significant reduction of the hydrogen consumption and an improvement of the vehicle efficiency. The Energy Management Strategies, commanding the power split between the power sources in the hybrid arrangement to fulfil the power requirement, perform a fundamental role to achieve this objective. In this work, three strategies based on the knowledge of the fuel cell efficiency map are proposed. These strategies are attractive due to the relative simplicity of the real time implementation and the good performance. The strategies are tested both in a simulation environment and in an experimental setup using a 1.2-kW PEM fuel cell. The results, in terms of hydrogen consumption, are compared with an optimal case, which is assessed trough an advantageous technique also introduced in this work and with a pure fuel cell vehicle as well. This comparative reveals high efficiency and good performance, allowing to save up to 26% of hydrogen in urban scenarios.