蒸煮火腿生产中添加剂的应用

本文简要叙述了添加剂在蒸煮火腿和肩肉火腿中的应用。肩肉火腿和其它类型的蒸煮火腿都属同一范围，统称蒸煮火腿。1．色素1．1胭脂虫红是蒸煮火腿中应用广泛的一种色素，它能给制品以天然的桃红色。胭脂由红是从雌胭脂虫身体中抽提出的一种天然色素，14000只虫可得Zde、50％浓     

蛋白酶胭脂虫天然染料的提取及羊毛织物染色性能研究

利用蛋白酶对胭脂虫干体内的胭脂红酸进行萃取,通过天然染料胭脂虫色素对羊毛织物进行染色.利用蛋白酶进行色素提取,具有温度低、萃取时间短、提取效果好等特点.实验确定提取工艺为:蛋白酶浓度1％,50℃搅拌60 min,调pH值为4,升温至90℃,搅拌60 min.通过对上染工艺中的胭脂虫红色素浓度、染色温度、染色时间、pH值等影响因素进行单因素实验分析,得到了最佳的染色工艺:胭脂虫红色素浓度60％,pH值4,染色温度90℃,染色时间50 min,浴比1:40.     

三种天然色素稳定性及其护色效果的研究

研究了天然食用色素红曲红、胭脂树橙、胭脂虫红的紫外吸光特性,光、热稳定性及护色剂β-胡萝卜素、异Vc钠、Vc、柠檬酸对三种天然色素的护色效果.红曲红、胭脂树橙、胭脂虫红最大紫外吸收峰波长分别为;440±5、455±5、515±5nm.热稳定性次序为:胭脂虫红>红曲红>胭脂树橙.通过单一护色剂时色素光稳定性影响研究结果表明,Vc对红曲红及胭脂虫红护色作用最强,异Vc钠对胭脂树橙的护色作用最强.通过单一护色剂对色素热稳定性影响实验结果表明,β-胡萝卜素对红曲红、胭脂树橙护色作用最强,Vc对胭脂虫红护色效果最强.通过两种护色剂1:1复配实验结果表明,β-胡萝卜素与异Vc钠复配对红曲红及胭脂树橙的护色作用最强,柠檬酸与异Vc钠及异Vc钠与Vc复配对胭脂虫红护色效果均较强.     

胭脂虫与胭脂虫色素的利用

胭脂虫是一种利用历史悠久的资源昆虫,可加工生产胭脂虫红和胭脂红酸等色素。本文简要论述了胭脂虫(DactylopiuscoccusCosta)主要生态生物学与繁养方法等,就我国胭脂虫的繁养与产业发展提出建议。     

进口天然色素胭脂虫红安全性检测与分析

简要概述进口天然色素胭脂虫红的种类、化学性质、毒理学、应用范围、限量要求等方面内容.通过对胭脂虫红产品进行安全性检测,分析目前进口天然色素胭脂虫红产品存在安全问题的原因,在此基础上对目前我国食品添加剂的监管提出若干建议.     

胭脂虫及其加工利用概述

胭脂虫（Dactylopius coccus Costa）是一类珍贵的经济资源昆虫，发育成熟的雌虫体内含胭脂红酸。胭脂虫加工的胭脂虫红、胭脂红酸等已广泛地用于食品、化妆品、药品等多种行业。本文对胭脂虫的繁养及其色素的特性加工利用等作简要概述。     

食用天然红色素胭脂虫红的性质研究

为保证胭脂虫红色素的品质,该文重点研究了pH值、日照、温度、储藏、部分金属离子和部分食品添加剂等对胭脂虫红色素稳定性的影响。结果表明：该色素适宜在弱酸性至中性环境中使用;其光稳定性较差,日照24h后色素保留率仅为18．4％;热稳定性和贮藏稳定性良好;对氧化性金属离子较敏感;常用食品添加剂对其稳定性影响微弱。     

超滤去除砀山酥梨汁中色素和多酚的研究

本文研究超滤对砀山梨汁中色素和酚的去除作用。采用截留分子量分别为10、3和1k的聚醚砜(PES)超滤膜,对砀山酥梨汁进行过滤处理。10k膜和3k膜对色素有一定去除作用,1k对色素有显著去除作用,1k膜对色素的去除滤可达51%。三种膜对多酚的去除均有显著作用,去除率随截留分子量的减小而增加。超滤膜对色素和酚类的去除是筛分和吸附共同作用的结果。超滤对梨汁的某些理化指标有一定影响。再生可恢复超滤膜的性能。超滤对果汁中色素和酚类的去除能力使超滤在果汁加工中具有广泛的应用前景。     

微滤-超滤组合工艺精制粗茶皂素的研究

针对纯度为70％左右的粗茶皂素体系,采用0．5μm的陶瓷微滤膜与截留相对分子质量为10000的螺旋卷式有机超滤膜（PW4040）组合工艺对粗茶皂素水溶液进行精制。结果表明,此组合工艺可以将粗茶皂素纯度提高到91％左右,皂素产品得率约为66％。根据皂素的性质对膜清洗再生进行了考察,陶瓷膜及超滤膜通量分别恢复到87．6％与93．0％左右。     

胭脂虫红酸提取工艺优化研究

目的：优化从干胭脂虫提取胭脂虫红酸的工艺条件。方法：用正交试验探讨影响胭脂虫红酸提取效率的因素。结果：乙醇浓度、提取次数、料液比和提取温度影响胭脂虫红酸提取效率。结论：在75℃、以料液比1：5的65％乙醇提取3次(每次1．5h)的条件下，胭脂虫红酸的提取得率可达91．20％。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the