内胎胶挤出流动中出口压力降的估算

应用前文中提出的出口压力降△exit与挤出胀大比的关系式,估算了挤出条件下内胎胶的出口压力损失。结果表明,当温度一定时,△exit随着剪切速率的增加而增大;而在固定的剪切速率下,△exit则随着温度的升高而下降。     

弹性体挤出流动中第一法向应力差的预测

本文探讨了如何通过聚合物熔体流变特性参数的测量来估算挤出流动中第一法向应力差Ｎ１的问题。简要评述了这方面研究的进展。提出了两个描述Ｎ１与其他流变参数如挤出胀大比的关系式，并进行了比较和分析。     

振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的响应与分析 Ⅱ．毛细管挤出胀大比和第一法向应力差

在自行设计的恒速型毛细管动态流变装置上，对聚合物熔体进行动态挤出实验。实时采集毛细管的挤出胀大值，借助已建立的振动力场下聚合物熔体弹性行为的表征公式，计算振动力场下聚合物熔体在毛细管壁处的第一法向应力差。通过对比分析有无振动场下以及不同振动强度下聚合物熔体的流变性能，找到聚合物熔体弹性行为对振动力场的响应规律。     

轮胎胶料挤出流动中粘弹特性分析

考察了洞口胶、缓冲胶和翻胎胎面胶胶料在毛细管挤出流动中的粘弹性行为及机理。结果表明,在温度为90℃和表观剪切速率为1－10^3s^-1的操作条件下,3种胶料的剪切滚动均服从幂律,且非牛顿指数值相差不大;入口压力降和挤出膨胀比均随表观剪切速率的增大而呈非线性函数形式增大,且洞口胶的挤出膨胀比最大,缓冲胶最小;而缓冲胶的入口压力降最大,洞口胶最小。应用挤出膨胀方程估算的试样剪切弹性模量与壁面剪切应力呈线性函数关系,其预测值与文献值相当接近。     

单辊筒口型挤出——一种较好的型胶挤出方式

单辊筒口型挤出──一种较好的型胶挤出方式Ｃ．Ｔｕｌｌｅｅｔａｌ．著施庆秋译传统加压式挤出系统的口型膨胀特性及高压挤出工艺在子午线轮胎问世前曾是一项令人满意的加工技术。子午线轮胎的出现以及为轮胎工业制造更高质量的产品及更加稳定均一的部件而致力于开发挤出...     

胎面胶料挤出过程中弹性参数的估算

讨论聚合物挤出流动中的弹性行为及产生机理。在前人工作的基础上，提出计算弹性应变能和剪切弹性模量的公式，并将胎面胶料在毛细管流变仪中的测量数据与文献报道的模型进行了比较。     

NR/SBR混炼胶挤出流动中自然收敛角的计算

考察了ＮＲ／ＳＢＲ共混胎面胶在毛细管挤出流动中的末端效应、基于以前的工作［１］提出了粘弹性流体自然收敛半角方程，并估算了试样在挤出条件下的人口自然收敛角（２α０）。结果表明，２α０值随着温度的升高而有所增大．随着剪切速率的增加而减小。     

Shear-rate dependence of first normal stress difference of poly(isoprene-b-styrene) in solution near the order-disorder transition temperature

Viscoelastic properties of poly(isoprene-b-styrene) in dioctylphthalate under steady shear flow were measured near the order—disorder transition temperature. In ordered states, first normal stress difference N₁ is proportional to shear rate at low region, but becomes proportional to at the high region, similar to the N₁ behaviour of polymer blends undergoing shear-induced homogenization. Because the existence of microdomains was confirmed at the high region by the flow birefringence method, it is concluded that the above N₁ behaviour is not caused by shear-induced homogenization, but is probably caused by the shear-induced alignment of the microdomain structure.     

Shear rate dependence of viscosity and first normal stress difference of LCP/PET blends at solid and molten states of LCP

The liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were blended in an elastic melt extruder to make samples having 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 wt % of LCP. Morphology of these samples was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The steady state shear viscosity (η), dynamic complex viscosity (η*) and first normal stress difference (N₁) were evaluated and compared at two temperatures: 265°C, at which LCP was in solid state, and 285°C, at which LCP was in molten state. The PET was in molten state at both the temperatures. The shear viscosity of the studied blends displayed its dependence on composition and shear rate. A maxima was observed in viscosity versus composition plot corresponding to 80/20 LCP/PET blend. The N₁ increased with LCP loading in PET and with the increased asymmetry of LCP droplets. The N₁ also varied with the shear stress in two stages; the first stage demonstrated elastic deformation, whereas second stage displayed dominant plastic deformation of LCP droplets. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2212–2218, 2007     

Polymer branching and first normal stress differences in small-amplitude oscillatory shear flow

General rigid bead-rod theory explains polymer viscoelasticity from macromolecular orientation. By means of general rigid bead-rod theory, we relate the normal stress differences of polymeric liquids to the branch position on a backbone branched macromolecule. In this work, we explore the first normal stress differences coefficients of different axisymmetric polymer configurations. When non-dimensionalized with the zero-shear first normal stress difference coefficient, the normal stress differences depend solely on the dimensionless frequency. In this work, in this way, we compare and contrast the normal stress differences of macromolecular chains that are branched. We explore the effects of branch position, length, functionality, spacing, and multiplicity, along a straight chain, in addition to rings and star-shaped macromolecules in small-amplitude oscillatory shear flow.     

异型材挤出成型过程三维等温黏弹性的数值模拟

针对异型材挤出成型流动过程的特点，基于PTT黏弹性本构模型，经合理假设，建立了描述其成型过程的三维等温黏弹性理论模型，并通过DEVSS／SUPG、最小元法Mini—Element和罚函数法等稳态有限元技术，建立了与该模型相适应的快速收敛的稳态有限元数值算法，并以此通过有限元数值模拟，系统研究了松弛时间和进口流量对异型材挤出成型过程的影响，得出了离模膨胀随松弛时间、进口流量增大而增大的规律。并通过理论分析，揭示了第一法向应力差决定离模膨胀的机理。数值模拟结果与传统的挤出实验研究结论相吻合。     

Influence of die angles on pressure drop during extrusion of rubber compound

The factors affecting pressure losses during extrusion of polymer melts are discussed in the present article. The rheological properties of an unvulcanized rubber compound were examined by using a Monsanto processability tester (MPT) under experimental conditions of temperatures varied 90 to 120°C and shear rates from 10² to 10³ s^?1. Furthermore, a set of dies with different entry angle (2α) was selected to identify the effects of die angles on pressure losses in capillary extrusion of the sample fluid. It was found that the total pressure drop (ΔP) decreased when 2α < 75 degrees, and then increased with increasing 2α. The ΔP reached the minimum value when 2α is around 75°. It suggests that the natural converging angle of the sample fluid be about 75° under the experimental conditions, according to the research results presented in previous work. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1150–1154, 2001     

挤压造粒工艺生产专用复混肥

专用复混肥是根据不同土壤、不同作物的多年多点试验和大面积示范确定的,所以,专用复混肥针对性强,增产效果好,是未来农业生产用肥的趋势。介绍挤压造粒法生产专用复混肥的生产工艺、产品质量指标及控制技术要点。挤压造粒工艺生产的专用复混肥产品质量符合《GB 15063-2009复合肥料(复混肥料)》标准要求。     

Development of an in-line viscometer in an extrusion molding process

In this work, an in-line viscometer to measure the viscosity of polymer melts under extrusion molding processes was developed. The in-line viscometer contains a stress sensor and a shear rate sensor which were installed between the screw and the die of an extruder. In this way, the flow line after the screw cannot be changed, unlike the present in-line capillary rheometer which can change the diameter of the pipe of the flow line and hence influence the throughput. All data acquisition is done by a computer such that the melt viscosity can be calculated automatically. The shear-thinning behavior of a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) under three different temperatures is presented in all experiments. It is concluded that the melt viscosity can be effectively monitored. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 63: 919–924, 1997     

First normal stress difference in capillary extrusion flow of nanometer calcium carbonate‐filled PLLA biocomposites

The nanometer calcium carbonate (nano‐CaCO₃)‐filled poly‐L ‐lactide (PLLA) biocomposites were prepared using a twin‐screw extruder. The first normal stress difference of the composites were measured by means of a capillary rheometer under experimental conditions with temperatures ranging from 170 to 200°C and shear rates varying from 50 to 10³ s^?1. The first normal stress difference (N₁) increased roughly linearly with increasing shear stress (τ_w). The sensitivity of the N₁ to τ_w increased with an increase of the die length–‐diameter ratio, and the N₁ value varied slightly with the filler weight fraction (?_f) as test temperature was constant. When the shear stress was fixed, the N₁ reached a minimum value for ?_f = 1%. The values of the N₁ of the composite melts decreased roughly linearly with a rise of temperature when the shear rate was constant. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers