棉/XLA弹性织物的免烫整理

对树脂整理的种类和用量、催化剂用量、添加剂及其用量、焙烘温度和时间等进行单因素试验，找出影响免烫整理效果的主要因素，并进行正交优化试验，最终确定棉／XLA弹性织物免烫整理的最佳工艺条件为：树脂WFR-470g/L，催化剂C-120％（对树脂整理剂质量），聚乙烯乳液WFE-320g/L．柔软剂WFS-240g/L，聚氨酯WFP-220g/L，渗透剂PA-21g/L，柠檬酸1g/L，160℃焙烘3min．整理后的织物平整度可达3．5级或以上，断裂拉伸强力保留率不低于55％，织物残留甲醛量〈75mg／kg．     

大麻织物的抗皱柔软复合整理

对大麻织物抗皱柔软复合整理的工艺进行了探讨，用正交试验找出最佳整理工艺为：FS-528超低甲醛防缩免烫树脂90g／L，906S高效渗透柔软剂70g／L，FS-990催化剂25g／L，150℃焙烘3．5min．整理后的织物弹性好，手感柔软滑爽，光泽柔和靓丽.     

全棉薄织物的抗皱免烫整理

在全棉薄织物的免烫整理中,将水溶性聚氨酯交联剂与树脂复配使用,既保证薄织物的强力,又提高织物的抗皱性。通过焙烘温度、树脂用量、聚氨酯用量等因素对织物强力和平整度的影响试验,得到免烫整理工艺条件为:树脂F-ECO用量40g/L,聚氨酯50g/L,轧余率70%,烘干110℃×40s,焙烘2~3min×135℃。     

大豆纤维织物的乙二醛树脂整理

将乙二醛树脂用于大豆纤维织物的防皱整理，讨论了整理剂用量、焙烘温度、焙烘时间对抗皱整理效果的影响。对织物在不同整理条件下的折皱回复角、白度、断裂强力和透气性等性能进行测试；确定了优化整理工艺条件：免烫树脂931-33 150g/L、柔软剂30g／L、渗透剂JFC 2g/L，焙烘温度150℃、焙烘时间2min。测试整理后的织物结构和性能表明，整理剂在纤维无定形区大分子链之间发生了交联反应，提高了纤维的热稳定性，纤维的晶区结构基本没有改变。     

柠檬酸/丁烷四羧酸/木糖醇免烫棉织物工艺配方优化

对纯棉织物采用柠檬酸(CA)/丁烷四羧酸(BTCA)/木糖醇免烫整理剂进行免烫整理,探讨柠檬酸质量浓度、丁烷四羧酸质量浓度、木糖醇质量浓度、焙烘时间和焙烘温度对免烫效果的影响,并测试免烫后织物的折皱回复角、白度和强力。结果表明：免烫后织物的折皱回复角与丁烷四羧酸或柠檬酸单独作用于棉织物相当,断裂强力优于两者单独作用。优化免烫整理工艺为：柠檬酸质量浓度60 g/L、丁烷四羧酸质量浓度40 g/L、木糖醇质量浓度17.5 g/L、焙烘温度170℃、焙烘时间3 min。整理后织物的折皱回复角可达267°,白度为54.5,断裂强力为248 N。     

毛织物的含氟拒水整理

用含氟拒水整理剂对毛织物表面进行改性处理。以整理剂浓度、交联剂浓度、催化剂浓度、焙烘温度和焙烘时间等作为主要工艺因素，进行正交试验，对织物拒水整理进行研究。根据整理后织物的拒水等级、耐静水压等指标，得到整理效果的最佳工艺参数及条件为：Nuva TP 80g／L，交联剂60g／L，催化剂0．8g／L，在185℃焙烘2min，整理后织物拒水效果较好。     

Serirez AP-ZF在免烫整理中的应用

采用Serirez AP-ZF水溶性低分子改性聚合物进行全棉织物免烫整理,既能提高织物的抗皱性,又能保证整理织物强力和降低缩水率,且不会释放出游离甲醛。通过分析焙烘温度、树脂用量等因素对织物强力和平整度的影响,确定了最优化的免烫整理工艺,即：Serirez AP-ZF140-160g/L;催化剂MC35-40g/L;有机硅柔软剂20g/L;整理液pH值5左右;100℃预烘3min;160°-170°焙烘1min。     

全棉薄织物的高强力保留率免烫整理

全棉薄织物的基础强力绝对值低,单独使用免烫树脂对其进行抗皱整理会降低织物的强力,严重影响服用性能.将聚氨酯与免烫树脂复配,用于全棉薄织物抗皱整理.试验得到全棉薄织物免烫整理的优化工艺条件:免烫树脂整理剂LT质量浓度80 g/L,水溶性聚氨酯交联剂PU95质量浓度7.5 g/L,水溶性聚氨酯交联剂PU2F质量浓度20 g/L;焙烘温度140℃,焙烘时间2 min.整理后的织物缓弹折皱回复角190°,经纬向断裂强力保留率分别为64.46%和79.22%,经纬向撕破强力保留率分别为96.45%和91.98%.     

棉织物的免烫整理

为消除棉织物免烫整理后的甲醛影响,针对棉织物进行了多元羧酸整理的研究,以降低高温焙烘时织物的泛黄现象,减少整理后废水中的含磷量。以柠檬酸与酒石酸的混合酸作为棉织物免烫整理剂,研究了柠檬酸与酒石酸物质的量比、焙烘工艺条件、催化剂种类及质量浓度、添加剂的质量浓度等对织物整理效果的影响。结果表明：柠檬酸与酒石酸物质的量比为1:1,焙烘温度为180℃,焙烘时间为2min,纳米二氧化硅质量浓度为2g/L,次磷酸钠质量浓度为20g/L,柔软剂LD-5030质量浓度为20g/L时,织物整理效果较佳。     

棉/天丝交织物的免烫性能

对棉/天丝交织物进行免烫整理,通过正交实验研究树脂用量、催化剂用量、焙烘温度以及焙烘时间对织物免烫效果的影响。优化免烫整理工艺为:树脂CR-E用量90 g/L,催化剂CT-C用量35%(对树脂质量),170℃焙烘3 min。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the