一种基于LSB和PVD的图像信息隐藏方法研究

为了提高图像中秘密信息的嵌入量,提出并实现了一种基于最低有效位和像素值差异的图像信息隐藏方法。通过计算两个连续像素值的差异来判断图像的一致区域和边界区域,在一致区域使用最低有效位方法,而在边界区域使用像素值差异方法。实验结果表明,结合这两种方法后信息的嵌入量是单纯使用像素值差异方法的1.59～1.97倍,并且隐写图像具有大于38 dB的峰值信噪比,保证了隐写图像的视觉质量。     

一种基于LBP的纹理合成无载体信息隐藏方法

为了提高无载体隐写算法的嵌入容量和抗干扰能力,提出了一种基于LBP码的纹理合成信息隐藏方法。该方法首先选择原始小尺寸纹理图像,分割生成均匀的像素块并计算块内每个像素的LBP值,取分布最多的LBP值作为该图像块的代表信息。隐藏秘密信息时,首先用指定密钥生成伪随机序列确定白纸上放置纹理候选块的位置,然后根据秘密信息的值选择候选块,放置到白纸指定的位置,其余空白位置则使用纹理合成方法填充。提取信息时,根据密钥生成的伪随机序列得到含密信息块位置,计算每一图像块的LBP值,取分布最多的LBP值作为该图像块包含的信息,从而得到秘密信息。实验结果表明,该方法生成的含密图像具有良好的视觉效果,而且在嵌入容量和抗干扰能力方面有了进一步提高。     

基于预测误差差值扩展和最低有效位替换的可逆数据隐藏

将差值扩展技术应用于彩色图像,提出一种基于预测误差差值扩展和最低有效位（LSB）替换的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏算法。针对传统差值扩展技术存在过分修改像素灰度值、定位图偏大等缺点,首先利用色彩分量间的相关性减小差值,并将差值扩展量分散到两个色彩分量中;其次,改变差值扩展公式以减少不可扩展差值的数量,提高定位图的压缩率,从而增加嵌入容量;最后,运用LSB替换法嵌入数据,将差值扩展与数据嵌入过程分离,嵌入端和提取端均只需进行一次差值扩展,嵌入和提取效率得以提高。提取端在提取信息时可根据需要无损地恢复原始图像。实验结果表明,该算法在提高嵌入容量和图像质量的同时降低了算法复杂度。     

High-capacity index based data hiding method

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In this paper, a high-capacity data hiding method based on the index function is presented. The cover image is divided into non-overlapping sub-blocks, and the...     

Data hiding based on extended turtle shell matrix construction method

Data hiding research has focused mainly on determining how to embed secret data into various public host media, and to also ensure the host medium is not changed to a degree such that it can be perceived by the human eye. In 2014, Chang et al. proposed a novel concept, named the turtle shell matrix, to embed secret data. This scheme has obvious advantages with respect to its hiding capacity and image quality. However, its disadvantage is lack of flexibility due to the fixed turtle shell matrix structure. In this paper, we extend this turtle shell matrix structure into a different matrix model to meet different hiding capacity and image quality needs. Meanwhile, a general extraction function is derived to generate a matrix having a different turtle shell model. The values of the pixel pairs in the cover image are modified according to guidance provided by the turtle shell to hide a secret digit in an N-ary notational system. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme not only has better flexibility in balancing the trade-off between hiding capacity and stego-image quality, but also provides higher hiding capacity and stego-images with better visual quality than previous schemes.     

Sparse recovery based reversible data hiding method using the human visual system

In this paper, a novel sparse recovery based reversible data hiding (RDH) method using the human visual system (HVS) is presented. To improve the low accuracy of existing predictors, a sparse recovery based predictor is proposed. In the processes of sparse recovery, the most relevant neighbors can be adaptively chosen by using sparse representation to predict the current pixel accurately, and thus the concentrated prediction error histogram (PEH) is built to obtain good embedding performance. Moreover, to overcome the conflict between the embedding order of the traditional RDH method and the evaluation of HVS, a new embedding strategy based on just noticeable difference (JND) is designed. In this strategy, pixels are classified into sensitive and in-sensitive clusters according to JND values, and two corresponding PEHs are built. Accordingly, different inner regions of two PEHs are adjusted to meet the required embedding capacity, and the prediction error expansion (PEE) technique is utilized to embed data. Experimental results prove that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art RDH methods, including JND related methods.     

Secure medical images based on data hiding using a hybrid scheme with the Hamming code,LSB, and OPAP

Some medical accidents in hospitals are related to mismanagement of medical images X-ray and computer tomography (CT). A counterfeit medical image leads to medical accidents. Thus, security of medical images is important for patient safety. Data hiding can help patients avoid mistakes of doctors or nurses who confuse patient X-rays or CT scans. A hybrid data hiding scheme was applied that combined the Hamming code and LSB with an optimal pixel adjustment process algorithm for encoding to conceal hidden patient information. In addition, quality and capacity of stego-images were improved. Experimental results confirmed that the hiding capacity provided by this strategy is greater than for other schemes. Moreover, the image quality of stego-images with the proposed scheme remained more than 50 dB for most medical test images. In this experiment, we verified the proposed steganographic data hiding scheme as RS steganalysis.     

Reversible data hiding method using meaningful encrypted images

Encrypted image-based reversible data hiding methods have recently been introduced to conduct research on data encryption. In these methods, an image provider generates encrypted images that are supplied to a data sender. The data sender embeds secret data into the images in order to securely communicate with a data receiver. The data receiver can extract secret data and recover the cover image from the encrypted images. Past research has shown that attackers can easily become suspicious in such cases since all images are scrambled during communication. In this paper, we propose a reversible data hiding method that uses meaningful encrypted images. The proposed method is independent from image provider, data sender, and data receiver respectively by separating the images used and the secret data hidden from each other. In addition, the proposed method reduces distortion during image encryption, and features a data embedding scheme to conceal the existence of secret data from attackers. Experimental results show that the proposed method has high embedding capacity and yields satisfactory image quality with a meaningful image.     

A novel data hiding scheme based on modulus function

Four criteria are generally used to evaluate the performance of data hiding scheme: the embedding capacity, the visual quality of the stego-image, the security, and the complexity of the data-embedding algorithm. However, data hiding schemes seldom take all these factors into consideration. This paper proposes a novel data hiding scheme that uses a simple modulus function to address all the performance criteria listed above. According to the input secret keys, the encoder and decoder use the same set-generation functions H_r() and H_c() to first generate two sets Kr and Kc. A variant Cartesian product is then created using Kr and Kc. Each cover pixel then forms a pixel group with its neighboring pixels by exploiting an efficient modulus function; the secret data are then embedded or extracted via a mapping process between the variant of the Cartesian product and each pixel group. The proposed scheme offers several advantages, namely (1) the embedding capacity can be scaled, (2) a good visual quality of the stego-image can be achieved, (3) the computational cost of embedding or extracting the secret data is low and requires little memory space, (4) secret keys are used to protect the secret data and (5) the problem of overflow or underflow does not occur, regardless of the nature of the cover pixels.We tested the performance of the proposed scheme by comparing it with Mielikainen’s and Zhang and Wang’s schemes for gray-scale images. The experimental results showed that our proposed scheme outperforms Mielikainen’s in three respects, namely scalable embedding capacity, embedding rate, and level of security. Our data hiding scheme also achieved a higher embedding capacity than Zhang and Wang’s. The proposed scheme can easily be applied to both gray-scale and color images. Analyses of its performance showed that our proposed scheme outperforms Tsai and Wang’s in terms of its time complexity and memory space requirement.     

An image interpolation based reversible data hiding scheme using pixel value adjusting feature

In this paper, we propose an image interpolation based reversible data hiding scheme using pixel value adjusting feature. This scheme consists of two phases, namely: image interpolation and data hiding. In order to interpolate the original image, we propose a new image interpolation method which is based on the existing neighbor mean interpolation method. Our interpolation method takes into account all the neighboring pixels like the NMI method. However, it uses different weight-age as per their proximity. Thus, it provides the better quality interpolated image. In case of data hiding phase, secret data is embedded in the interpolated pixels in two passes. In the first pass, it embeds the secret data into the odd valued pixels and then in the second pass, the even valued pixels are used to embed the secret data. To ensure the reversibility of the proposed scheme, the location map is constructed for every pass. Basically, the proposed scheme only increases/decreases the pixel values during data hiding phase, which improves the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of computation complexity. Experimentally, our scheme is superior to the existing scheme in terms of data hiding capacity, image quality and computation complexity.     

基于高阶位平面冗余的可逆信息隐藏方法

针对现有加密图像可逆信息隐藏(RDHEI)方法存在的隐藏容量低、解密标记图像质量差的问题,提出了一种新的基于高阶位平面冗余的RDHEI方法.首先,通过Logistic映射对原始图像进行分块加密,并保留块内像素高阶位平面的冗余;其次,依据块内高阶位和低阶位个数是否相同的规则将加密后的图像块分为可嵌入块和不可嵌入块,并在可...     

An improved reversible data hiding scheme using layered embedding

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Reversible data hiding (RDH) embeds data into the original image content, and it can also losslessly recover the original image content after the embedded data...     

An improved reversible data hiding scheme using best neighboring coding based on color images

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In this paper, an improved reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme, best neighboring coding (BNC), is proposed for vector quantization (VQ) compressed color images....     

基于位平面的LSB图像隐藏算法分析及改进

介绍图像信息隐藏技术中基于空间域方法中位平面的思想,分析了传统的最低有效位(LSB)隐藏算法以及在此基础上改进的奇偶标识位隐藏算法,提出了一种失真度更低、安全性更高的新隐藏方法——索引数据链隐藏算法。实验证明,采用该方法对载体数据的改变量要少于常规方法,可以有效地提高隐藏信息的安全性。     

A novel adaptive data hiding based on improved EMD and interpolation

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Hiding data on grayscale images has been drawing much attention in recent years. High capacity and better image quality are the two foremost research contents of...     

基于RGB相关性的彩色图像可逆信息隐藏方法

为了提高彩色图像可逆信息隐藏（RDH）的性能,提出了基于RGB相关性的彩色图像RDH方法。首先为了更加准确地预测像素值,设计了基于RGB相关性的像素预测算法。该算法包括粗糙纹理预测和精细纹理预测两个阶段。第一个阶段利用一个参考通道将像素分为平滑区域和纹理区域。在第二阶段,利用两个参考通道对平滑区域像素进行精细划分,将像素分为水平、垂直和平坦区域,从而更加准确地计算像素的预测值。其次,利用预测误差扩展技术嵌入秘密信息。实验结果表明提出的预测算法能够较准确地预测每一个通道的像素值,信息隐藏性能好于现有的彩色图像RDH方法。     

A novel pixel value ordering reversible data hiding based on dual-image

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Recently, reversible data hiding (RDH) based on pixel value order (PVO) has been an important research direction in the field of information security due to its...