智能结构中的少模光纤传感器

介绍了在智能结构中具有广泛应用前景的光模光纤传感器，对其原理，组成和性能进行了评述，并讨论了一些存在的问题和今后的研究方向。     

Optical transmission characteristics of fiber ring resonators

We present the results of an experimental investigation of the transfer characteristics of a fiber ring resonator for various values of the resonator finesse. In particular, we measure the spectral dependence of the intensity transmission and the induced phase shift in the undercoupled, critically coupled, and overcoupled regimes. We also demonstrate tunable optical (true time) group delay via a fiber ring resonator and show that a high finesse is unnecessary. Our laboratory results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.     

半导体光纤环形腔激光器调谐特性的实验研究

采用国产半导体器件,组建了半导体光纤环形腔激光器(FRSLs)的实验装置及相应的测试系统,系统地研究了FRSLs的输出和调谐特性.结果表明,已实现高速调制情况下的动态单纵模调谐,并获得波长调谐范围大于36nm的稳定光脉冲输出.确立了FRSLs的阈值特性、输出功率等物理参量与振荡波长之间的关系,提出通过控制分光比来优化和兼顾FRSLs的调谐范围及输出功率.实验结果较好地与理论模拟结果相吻合,为进一步改善FRSLs的性能指标提供了实验依据.同时,这些分析与结论对于相关结构类型的激光器设计也具有一定的参考价值.     

Output power characteristics of erbium-doped fiber ring lasers

The output power of an erbium-doped fiber ring laser has been measured as a function of pump power, emission wavelength, doped-fiber length, and reflectivity of the output coupler. A theoretical model for the calculation of the output power is introduced that is based on a previously derived gain equation for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. The calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental data, confirming the applicability of the theory to a reliable modeling of the output power of erbium fiber ring lasers     

A unidirectional room temperature multi-wavelength fiber ring laser without isolator

A simplified ring cavity for achieving a unidirectional room temperature multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser without optical isolator is demonstrated. The fiber ring cavity is built in such a way that the optical fields propagating in two directions suffer different losses caused by one sampled fiber Bragg grating. Furthermore, simultaneous multi-wavelength lasing with 0.8-nm intervals is demonstrated with sinusoidal phase modulation just before the sampled fiber Bragg grating to prevent single-wavelength lasing and unstable wavelength oscillation.     

Studies on strain and temperature characteristics of a slanted multimode fiber Bragg grating and its application in multiwavelength fiber Raman ring laser

Detailed strain and temperature characteristics of a 2/spl deg/ slanted multimode fiber Bragg grating (MFBG) are developed theoretically and observed experimentally. Results show that the strain and temperature sensitivities are almost the same for different transmission dips of the 2/spl deg/ slanted MFBG. Utilizing two characteristics of the 2/spl deg/ slanted MFBG, namely 1) resonant wavelength intensities strongly affected by excited mode propagating before the grating and 2) uniform strain sensitivities of different resonant wavelengths, a switchable and tunable multiwavelength fiber Raman ring laser is realized. The configuration is simple and multipurpose. Results show that the laser can generate single-, dual-, three-, four-, and five-wavelength lasing by switching between each operation if a mode scrambler (MS) that is inserted in front of the slanted MFBG is adjusted; furthermore, a 4.2-nm continuous wavelength-tuning range is achieved by straining the slanted MFBG when the MS is fixed.     

Tunable dual-wavelength ring fiber laser with stable output based on saturable absorber and thin core passive fiber

A dual-wavelength erbium-doped ring fiber laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated though a detailed theoretical analysis and experimental verification. The proposed dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser, which is based on a ring fiber laser structure, is fabricated using two fiber Bragg gratings. By adjusting the gains and losses of the fiber laser structure, the laser can be switched between single- and double-wavelength modes. A saturable absorber (SA) is used to improve the output laser stability, which is further enhanced by splicing a thin core passive fiber (TCPF) into the laser cavity to produce a Mach–Zehnder filter effect. Optimizing the lengths of the SA and TCPF results in the adoption of a 1-m EDF and a 4-m passive fiber. On the basis of these enhancements and optimizations, a fiber laser with stable output is constructed that incurs single- or dual-wavelength laser shifts of less than 3 pm at room temperature over a period of 250 s.     

调相谱检测技术下光纤环腔的谐振特性

调相谱检测技术是谐振式光学陀螺信号检测的重要手段。根据贝塞尔函数展开与光场叠加原理,理论分析了光纤环形谐振腔的传输特性;搭建了谐振特性测试系统,采用LiNbO3相位调制,针对不同调制频率与调制电压条件下光纤环的谐振特性和解调曲线特性开展了实验,对实验结果进行分析,得到了调制频率、调制电压与光纤环形谐振腔谐振信号及解调信号之间的关系,实验结果与理论分析相符;并对调制过程中出现的谷裂现象进行了测试与分析,通过实验数据拟合,得到了产生谷裂现象的临界调制频率与调制电压值之间的关系。     

小芯径多模光纤拉曼分布式温度传感器

设计并制作了一种用于拉曼分布式温度传感的具有大有效模场面积和低模式色散的渐变折射率的小芯径多模光纤,同时达到了高空间分辨率和高温度分辨率。在现有的拉曼分布式温度传感系统基础上,测量了使用不同传感光纤和注入条件下的温度和空间分辨率。在满注入工作模式下,基于小芯径多模光纤的拉曼分布式温度传感器在25 km处达到了1℃的温度分辨率,空间分辨率的劣化仅为0.13 m,作为对比,使用多模光纤的拉曼分布式温度传感器的空间分辨率劣化了1.58 m。在单模注入条件下,基于小芯径多模光纤的拉曼分布式温度传感器在25 km处达到了4.7℃的温度分辨率,相对使用单模光纤有2.2℃的提升,同时空间分辨率没有劣化。     

单模-多模-单模光纤结构的温度特性研究

为提高基于单模-多模-单模(SMS)光纤结构 的温度传感器的温度灵敏性和非温度传感器的温度稳定 性提供科学依据,从而增强它们的实用性,研究了热光效应和热膨胀效应引起的SMS光纤结 构的温度特性。 通过分析SMS光纤结构的模式干涉原理和确定SMS光纤结构中受温度影响的参数及其与温度之 间的关系, 建立了分析普通多模光纤构成的SMS光纤结构温度特性的理论模型。进一步利用此模型分析 了不同多模光 纤纤芯直径下,多模光纤包层和纤芯的热光效应,以及多模光纤纤芯直径和长度的热膨胀效 应对SMS光纤 结构温度特性的影响。结果表明,多模光纤包层和纤芯的热光效应是影响SMS光纤结构温度 特性的第一和 第二因素,并且两种效应下的温度灵敏度均随多模光纤纤芯直径的减小而增大,但变化方向 相反;而多模 光纤的热膨胀效应对SMS光纤结构的温度特性影响很小,可以忽略;各热效应同时作用下, 多模光纤纤芯 直径对温度灵敏度基本没有影响,灵敏度约为12.5pm/℃。     

采用F-P光纤环滤波器的窄线宽环形腔光纤激光器

提出了一种采用F-P光纤环滤波器的窄线宽环形腔激光器,该激光器采用环形腔结构,两个耦合比为30:70的耦合器和一段2 m长的未泵浦掺铒光纤构成F-P光纤环滤波器,F-P光纤环滤波器产生的梳状谱,可以增大激光模式之间的自由光谱范围（FSR）,在一定程度上减小跳模现象的发生,有利于模式的稳定。研究表明,通过对掺铒光纤的优化和耦合器的选择可以提高F-P光纤环滤波器的精细度,而F-P光纤环中的未泵浦掺铒光纤起到饱和吸收体的作用,使输出激光的线宽得到有效压缩。将保偏光纤光栅和F-P光纤环滤波器共同应用于环形腔掺铒光纤激光器,在室温下得到了3 dB线宽均小于0.07 nm（实验室光谱仪最小分辨率）的窄线宽双波长输出。在2 h的观测时间内,最大峰值功率波动小于0.4 dB,具有良好的稳定性。     

方形空芯光子晶体光纤的特性分析

利用全矢量有限元法,分析了方形空芯光子晶体光纤的色散特性、纤芯内的能量分布和有效模面积.结果表明,方形空芯光子晶体光纤在1.67～1.81 μm范围内具有较平坦的色散特性,较高的能量分布和较大的有效模面积,为进一步设计具有平坦色散和大模场面积的方形空芯光子晶体光纤提供了理论依据和参考.     

基于七芯光纤的高温传感器优化与设计

设计了一种新型高温传感装置,将一段七芯光纤耦合在两段单模光纤之间,发射光进入到七芯光纤中,在透射光谱范围内产生周期性调制的超模干涉图案,其频谱偏移随温度变化而改变,实现了实时监测.该传感装置制造简单,实验证明在温度高达1000℃的环境下仍可稳定工作.     

Study on local temperature characteristics of fiber Bragg gratings

The characteristics of fiber Bragg gratings(FBG) at local temperature are investigated based on the transfer matrix method.The reflective spectrum model of the FBG at local temperature is analyzed by theoretics and simulations.The results show that when a small section of the FBG is affected by the temperature variation,the reflective spectrum splits into two main peaks.The wavelength of the splitting point shifts linearly and periodically with the local temperature on the FBG.An experiment is a...     

Low temperature characteristics of UV-curable resin coated optical fiber

Transmission characteristics of coated optical fiber depend on coating materials at low temperature. Loss increase phenomena are compared for UV-curable resin coated and silicone-nylon coated fibers. Different mechanisms induce loss increase depending on coating materials. Lateral forces are caused by shrinkage and Young's modulus increase at low temperature for UV-curable resin coated fibers. These forces cause fiber microbending for correlation lengths of not more than 1 mm. However, for silicone-nylon coated fibers, axial forces cause fiber buckling for correlation lengths longer than 5 mm. The relationship between the UV-coating structure and loss increase at low temperature is also described.     

布喇格光纤激光器的光纤温度分布特性研究

为了分析布喇格光纤激光器中光纤的温度分布特性,提出了布喇格光纤激光器中光纤的稳定热模型,通过热传输方程分析了其中的温度分布,并采用数值有限元法对布喇格光纤的温度分布和由此产生的热应力进行了数值研究,然后对热功率密度、光纤包层数和环境对流传热系数对光纤温度分布的影响进行了模拟计算.结果表明,表层温度远低于覆层材料的临界值...     

基于Vernier效应的光纤温度传感特性研究

近年来研究者借鉴游标卡尺和气压计中的游标(V ernier)结构,在多波长光纤激光传感器中使用双 干涉仪级联的方式产生Vernier效应,用来提升传感器的灵敏度。本文通过仿真与实验测试 ,对光纤Sagnac 干涉仪(FSI)和光纤法布里-佩罗干涉仪(FFPI)级联产生的Vernier效应进行了研究,设计 了两种不同结构 的温度传感器,研究了级联结构对传感器温度灵敏度的影响并进行了实验测试。结果表明, 温度灵敏度从 －1.7 nm/℃(FSI温度传感灵敏度)和0.008 nm/℃(FPI温度传感灵 敏度)分别提高到10.28 nm/℃和10.64 nm/℃ , 基于Vernier效应,温度传感器的灵敏度提升超过6倍,实验结果与理论分析基本一致(10.82 nm/℃)。     

Resonant ring fiber filters

We have studied structures where a concentric ring with an index higher than that of the cladding index is added to a conventional fiber core. The structure supports at least one additional symmetric mode with substantial power in the ring, besides the normal mode in the core. Within certain designed parameter regimes, the propagation constants of the lowest two symmetric modes cross at a certain wavelength. This is equivalent to saying that the LP01 mode can change from having more power in core to having more power in ring at a certain wavelength or vice versa. At this resonance, each of the two modes has substantial power in the core and the ring. This resonant nature of the structure creates a strong wavelength dependent mode field for LP01 and LP02 modes near the resonance wavelength. Filters based on this principle are demonstrated for the first time     

NOLM-NALM fiber ring laser

We study the bidirectional lightwave propagations in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser and an inverted-S fiber ring laser, and observe their optical bistability behaviors. We develop a model for the inverted-S fiber ring laser using nonlinear optical loop mirror and nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NOLM-NALM) principle, which operates in the nonlinear region. Good agreements between the laser experimental performance and the developed model are achieved. The laser shows good switching and pulse compression capabilities. In addition, the laser model illustrates the route to chaotic operation via period doubling bifurcation, when the input power increases. We also obtain quasi-periodic operation when the laser is amplitude modulated experimentally.     

可调谐单纵模光纤激光器模式特性研究

为了实现光纤激光的单纵模,提出了一种环形腔结构,采用可调谐光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)作为波长选择器件,与2 m未抽运掺Er光纤(EDF)产生驻波饱和效应,在1.55 μm波长处形成42 nm激光输出,输出功率大于3.5 dBm,功率稳定性优于±0.005 dB.扫描Fabry-Porot(F-P)干涉仪观测到2个正交的偏振模,在环形腔内加入偏振器后可抑制强度较低的偏振模式,测量到清晰的单纵模激光,纵模线宽为20 MHz.由于饱和吸收效应,导致了激光输出斜率曲线表现出光学双稳态现象.