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Bed structures in many mountain rivers provide additional resistance to the flow.A field experiment was conducted on debris flow deposits in the valley of the Jiangjiagou Ravine,a tributary of the Yangtze River in southwestern China,to study the evolution and distribution of bed structures and their relationship with environmental conditions.Water and sediment from the Jiangjiagou main stream were diverted into the experimental channel.Several hydrological schemes were adopted to scour the channel until equ... 相似文献
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冲积河湾蠕动过程的试验研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
冲积河湾儒动过程是个非常复杂的问题,本文从试验的角度,探讨了冲积河湾蠕动的过程。主要内容包括:泥沙条件一定水力条件不同时河岸冲刷下冲积河湾蠕动的试验,水力条件一定泥沙条件不同时冲积河湾河床冲刷的试验,河湾流路曲线等。 相似文献
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V. G. Salikov 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》1990,24(11):681-685
1. | As a result of investigations, formulas were derived which can be used when designing bridge crossings on meandering rivers with wide, developed floodplains passing the bulk of the design discharge during the flood (dependences for determining the value of the maxmum backwater, capacity of the opernings of the bridge crossing, and degree of contraction of the flow in them). |
2. | The relative decrease of the capacity of the floodplain opening with increase of its cross-sectional area is due to a decrease of the maximum backwater and increase of the effect of the difference in the resistances of the main channel and floodplain. |
3. | From the viewpoint of the capacity of the openings of the bridge crossing, reduction of the water level and subirrigation of the territory, decrease of the degree of contraction of the flow and, consequently, of the development of channel and floodplain deformations, the optimal cross-sectional area of the floodplain opening located in the zone of maximum backwater should amount to 25–50% of the total area of the openings. |
4. | Hydraulic calculations performed separately for the main channel and floodplain with the use of the dependences taking into account the interaction of the channel and floodplain flows [7, 8] agree well with the results of the experimental investigations. |
5. | The results of the investigations have great significance for developing optimal variants of bridge crossings being designed on meandering rivers. |
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选取跟踪河道中心线走向的正交曲线坐标系,提出此坐标下的BGK Boltzmann方程,由明渠水流中微、宏观变量之间的基本关系建立了一种有效的弯道河流数值模型。通过对弯道水槽试验进行数值模拟,结果表明模型有较好的模拟弯道水流的能力。 相似文献
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黄河源区支流白河和黑河位于青藏高原东北部若尔盖盆地的东部,河道蜿蜒曲折,是典型弯曲型河流,研究其弯曲河道的一般形态规律,有利于认识青藏高原弯曲河流的发育条件和形态特征。基于遥感图像、DEM和野外调查,利用ArcGIS提取了白河和黑河的河网,计算了沿程的纵比降,并测算了河道宽度、弯曲度、河谷宽度和牛轭湖数量。白河和黑河的统计河段平均弯曲度分别为1.68和2.46,黑河平均弯曲度大于白河的主要原因是黑河的多年平均流量和河道纵比降均小于白河。白河单位河长的牛轭湖数量沿程由多变少,黑河单位河长的牛轭湖数量沿程趋于均匀,且牛轭湖数量多于白河,说明黑河沿程保持更高的自然裁弯频率。 相似文献
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蜿蜒河流横向摆动及河谷地形沉积过程数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
基于河弯水流运动的线性理论以及河谷地形沉积的概念模型建立了蜿蜒河流横向摆动及地形沉积过程耦合数学模型,模型中对传统的河岸侵蚀模式的线性理论进行改进,建立了非线性的河岸侵蚀模型.实际应用表明,模型能够较好地模拟河流大尺度的演变过程以及地形沉积发展的过程. 相似文献
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冲积河流自动调整作用体现了河流的自适应特征,是河床演变最基本的规律,这一规律在微观上表现为输沙量与挟沙力的相互趋近,宏观上则显示河道朝一定的平衡形态或水力几何形态发展。传统的牛顿力学方法并不能完全给出河流调整过程的理论解,从宏观河流系统角度出发的研究方法不失为一种有效的解决途径。本文选取热力学中的熵与极值假设、最小作用量原理、速率定律和突变理论为基于宏观系统研究的典型代表,对这些研究方法的概念和应用进行介绍和阐述,从多种角度出发探讨河流自动调整过程中水流能量的分配、输沙效率、系统的调整路径和变化速率等特点。 相似文献
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山西是水土流失比较严重的地区,河流含沙量一般较大,对推移质泥沙的估算,目前还没有比较理想的方法,本文通过对水文站和水库大量系列实测资料进行分析,运用沙量平衡原理分析,提出了山西不同河流推移质的计算参数。 相似文献
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集对分析在河床演变分析中的应用探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以飞云江河口滩、槽演变分析为例 ,对集对分析方法在河床演变分析中的应用进行了探讨 ,实际应用表明 ,集对分析较传统的定性分析方法能揭示更多的信息 ,是有效的。 相似文献
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本文通过分析泥沙对水泵性能的影响,结合工程实例提了了减小泥沙对水泵磨损的几种改造措施,并取得了一定的成效。 相似文献
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O Gunduz 《Water science and technology》2007,56(1):259-266
This study presents the results of the influence of stream bed hydraulic conductivity on baseflow sustainability by using a coupled model of surface and subsurface hydrology. The model provides a coupled solution to the dynamic interactions between a river and a surfacial aquifer and is used to numerically study the effect of stream bed conductivity on the overall system response. To achieve this objective, the model is formulated to include a one-dimensional river flow model and a two-dimensional vertically averaged groundwater flow model in an unconfined aquifer. The coupling is achieved at the river bed via a hydraulic flux that is described as a function of river bed conductivity and the gradient between river stage and groundwater head. The model incorporates the concept of simultaneous presence of the two hydrologic processes for simulating the dynamic interactions and uses a novel numerical technique to solve the two systems concurrently. These interactions are analyzed by numerical experimentation under different hydraulic conductivity conditions. The influence of hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic gradient is studied under steady and unsteady flow regimes to assess the occurrence of baseflow. The analysis also reveals critical insights into the governing mechanisms that provide and sustain the baseflow in rivers. 相似文献