一种基于本体和Agent的网格服务发现机制

在动态的网格计算环境中分布着大量不同类型的网格服务。快速、准确地进行网格服务发现是影响网格计算性能的关键因素。本文提出了基于本体和Agent的网格服务发现机制,它具有良好的扩展性和完备性。该模型采用Agent代理技术进行服务搜索,不同的代理能够提供不同虚拟组织的本体知识库;利用本体论语义进行服务的匹配,从而实现智能化的服务发现。     

Distributed data mining patterns and services: an architecture and experiments

Distributed data mining implements techniques for analyzing data on distributed computing systems by exploiting data distribution and parallel algorithms. The grid is a computing infrastructure for implementing distributed high‐performance applications and solving complex problems, offering effective support to the implementation and use of data mining and knowledge discovery systems. The Web Services Resource Framework has become the standard for the implementation of grid services and applications, and it can be exploited for developing high‐level services for distributed data mining applications. This paper describes how distributed data mining patterns, such as collective learning, ensemble learning, and meta‐learning models, can be implemented as Web Services Resource Framework mining services by exploiting the grid infrastructure. The goal of this work was to design a distributed architectural model that can be exploited for different distributed mining patterns deployed as grid services for the analysis of dispersed data sources. In order to validate such an approach, we presented also the implementation of two clustering algorithms on the developed architecture. In particular, the distributed k‐means and distributed expectation maximization were exploited as pilot examples to show the suitability of the implemented service‐oriented framework. An extensive evaluation of its performance was provided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于分布式计算的电网运行可靠性评估算法研究

针对电网运行可靠性评估计算量大,但又要求计算时间短的问题,提出了一种基于分布式计算的电网运行可靠性评估算法。该算法采用改进的状态选择和分析方案,解决了计算终端间随机数序列的关联性问题,有效地降低了通信量,提高了计算速度。基于该算法编制的评估软件已通过RTS-24系统和某省级电网的实际运行测试,测试结果表明,该算法不仅能够有效评估电网运行可靠性,而且计算速度随计算终端数增加呈一定倍数提高。     

云计算研究

云计算模式是在基础设施即服务（IaaS）、平台即服务（PaaS）、软件即服务（SaaS）、分布式计算、并行计算和网格计算等概念演进并产生的结果。云计算模式是一种全新的计算应用模式,将会成为人们获取服务的主导方式。本文首先介绍云计算在业界中的概念,接着分析云计算和相关计算,最后关于云计算发展的前景进行展望。     

云计算环境下的可修分布式系统可靠性分析方法

随着云计算技术的进一步发展,越来越多的应用系统托管在云计算平台上,这就对构成云计算平台的众多分布式系统的可靠性提出了更高的要求。传统分析方法难以在系统规模较大时对可修分布式系统做可靠性分析。为了提高服务质量以及降低因违反服务水平协议而导致的经济损失,本文基于马尔可夫模型提出一种适用于可修分布式系统的可靠性分析方法。通过简化系统的状态空间,在系统运行期间对其软硬件状态进行采样,并通过对分布式系统的失效过程和修复过程进行分析,根据给定时间内的失效概率序列、修复概率序列计算分布式系统的节点状态转移矩阵,得出该马尔可夫矩阵对应的稳态向量。根据特定分布式系统的自身特性,对该稳态向量进一步分析,得出系统最终的可靠性衡量指标。最后通过实验验证了该方法的可用性和有效性。     

Toward a modular and efficient distribution for Web service handlers

Over the last few decades, distributed systems have architecturally evolved. One recent evolutionary step is SOA. The SOA model is perfectly engendered in Web services, which provide software platforms for building applications as services. Web services utilize supportive capabilities such as security, reliability, and monitoring. These capabilities are typically provisioned as handlers, which incrementally add new features. Even though handlers are very important, the method of utilization is crucial for obtaining potential benefits. Every attempt to support a service with an additional handler increases the chance of an overwhelmingly crowded handler chain. Moreover, a handler may become a bottleneck because of its comparably higher processing time. In this paper, we present the Distributed Handler Architecture to provide an efficient, scalable, and modular architecture. The performance and scalability benchmarks show that the distributed and parallel handler executions are very promising for suitable handler configurations. The paper is concluded with remarks on the fundamentals of a promising computing environment for Web service handlers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

云计算现状综述

基于互联网的云计算模式引起了人们极大的关注,也面临着越来越多的安全威胁。该文介绍了云计算的定义、特点以及它的体系结构,比较了与分布式计算、网格计算的区别,探析了云计算所面临的信息策略问题,包括隐私、安全性、匿名性、通信能力、政府的监管、可靠性、责任等,并对云计算信息策略问题进行了较为深入的探讨。     

基于反馈机制的网格动态授权新模型

网格现有的授权系统存在静态性问题,表现为没有提供机制来反馈用户对授予的权限的使用情况.当一个本来可信的用户或服务变成不可信时,授权系统不能及时发现,对其权限进行调整可能导致恶意用户对网格系统的破坏.因此,在授权系统中建立反馈机制,根据用户的行为动态地调整用户角色,对于网格系统的安全具有重大意义.文中分析了网格中现有的授权系统及信任模型的特点,指出它们存在的不足.在此基础上提出一种基于反馈机制的动态授权新模型,很好地解决了现有授权系统的静态性的缺点.该模型是对CAS授权系统的改进,增加了反馈机制和信任度计算机制.其中,信任度计算机制中提出的基于行为的分层信任新模型较以往的信任模型相比,使用服务权值来区分重要服务和普通服务,从而保护了网格中的重要服务并且能有效地抑制恶意节点的行为;文中提出了一种新的更加精确地计算域间推荐信任度的方法,从而解决了不诚实反馈的问题.反馈机制则利用基于行为分层信任模型给出的用户信任度的变化,实现了根据用户的行为动态调整他的角色.文中还设计了三组模型实验,分别验证新模型的特点、对网格中恶意实体行为的抑制情况,从不同的角度对模型进行了实验,对基于行为的分层信任模型对行为的敏感性、收敛性、有效性及合理性加以了证明.     

动态服务组合构造与最优组合服务算法研究

服务组合是将已有服务组合为一个新服务的过程,以增加服务的功能或／和性能。本文将组合方案表示为一个有向无环图,节。占、表示服务,边表示服务交互,以目标服务的输入为指标集,给出候选组合方案的构造算法。以服务费用为测度,并计入服务的计算、存储和通信费用。通过费用转移,提出了基于经典Dijkstra算法的最优组合服务算法。     

基于移动代理的工作流原型研究与设计

快速发展的移动代理和网格技术给工作流提供了新的集成各种分布式资源的计算环境。传统的工作流架构有很多弱点,比如在动态环境中缺少灵活性等。提出了一个集成Web Services,网格,工作流和移动代理技术的分布式工作流架构,可以通过移动代理间的通讯来达到工作流之间协同工作,而且这个架构增强了工作流的灵活性和可靠性,以这个新的模型为基础实现了一个具体的工作流工作站,且可实现系统的安全使用。     

Resource allocation decision model for dependable and cost-effective grid applications based on Grid Bank

Distributed and parallel computing systems such as grid- or cloud-computing have been widely applied, studied and developed for various large-scale computing requirements in cross-administrative domains. However, two important issues, the economy of computation and the dependability of service-oriented computing, have not been thoroughly deliberated. In this regard, we formulate a grid resource allocation decision model that includes (1) a service reliability assessment, which derives the computing dependability from the universal generating function methodology (UGFM), and (2) a virtual payment assessment, which appraises the service expense for the contribution of each resource based on the expense function. For the near-optimal (or optimal) non-dominant solutions (service expense and service reliability), this paper presents two bi-objective soft-computing techniques, PC-GA (genetic algorithm) and PC-PSO (particle swarm optimization), where the Pareto-set cluster (PC) contains elite-selected and reborn mechanisms to generate new non-dominant solutions and strengthen the optimization effectiveness of the Pareto frontier. Finally, a virtual grid system is provided as a case study to illustrate the performance of two optimization methodologies and to analyze the pros and cons in terms of different resource allocation decisions.     

A Model of Grid Service Capacity

Computational grids （CGs） are large scale networks of geographically distributed aggregates of resource clusters that may be contributed by distinct organizations for the provision of computing services such as model simulation, compute cycle and data mining. Traditionally, the decision-making strategies underlying the grid management mechanisms rely on the physical view of the grid resource model. This entails the need for complex multi-dimensional search strategies and a considerable level of resource state information exchange between the grid management domains. In this paper we argue that with the adoption of service oriented grid architectures, a logical service-oriented view of the resource model provides a more appropriate level of abstraction to express the grid capacity to handle incoming service requests. In this respect, we propose a quantification model of the aggregated service capacity of the hosting environment that is updated based on the monitored state of the various environmental resources required by the hosted services. A comparative experimental validation of the model shows its performance towards enabling an adequate exploitation of provisioned services.     

面向数据流的ROS2数据分发服务形式建模与分析

机器人操作系统(robot operating system,简称ROS)是一种开源的元操作系统,能够在异种计算簇上提供基于消息机制的结构化通信层.为改善ROS1中存在的数据分发实时性、可靠性问题,ROS2提出了面向数据流的数据分发服务机制.采用概率模型检验的方法,分析、验证ROS2系统数据分发机制的实时性和可靠性.首...     

网格服务系统组装的研究与应用

随着网格技术广泛应用到各个领域,由功能服务组装复杂应用系统是目前采用网格技术来解决各领域问题的主要方法。本文提出一种多服务组装的层次体系结构HGSDR,在这种体系结构中,网格门户仅仅与用户交互,各功能服务的调度及各服务之间的协同主要由各分布的引擎服务节点来协同控制完成。各引擎服务负责动态发现和选择性能最优的紧邻后续服务节点,协同控制整个系统的执行过程。不仅消除了集中调度的计算瓶颈,同时也提高了系统组装的可靠性和灵活性。     

On group communication support in CORBA

Current group communication services have mostly been implemented on a homogeneous, distributed computing environment. This limits their applicability because most modern distributed computing environment are heterogeneous in nature. This paper describes the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of a CORBA group communication service. Using CORBA to implement a group communication service enables that group communication service to operate in a heterogeneous, distributed computing environment. To evaluate the effect of CORBA on the performance of a group communication service, this paper provides a detailed comparison of the performance measured from three implementations of an atomic broadcast protocol and a group membership protocol. Two of these implementations use CORBA, while the third uses UDP sockets for interprocess communication. The main conclusion is that heterogeneity can be achieved in group communication services by implementing them using CORBA, but there is a substantial performance cost. This performance cost can be reduced to a certain extent by carefully choosing a design and tuning various protocol parameters such as buffer sizes and timer values     

基于资源目录技术的网格系统软件设计与实现

由于网格计算系统中地理分布着大量不同类型动态实体，资源、服务和计算的发现、特征化、监控变得非常困难，资源信息服务成为网格软件的关键技术之一。采用面向对象方法设计网格资源信息模型，使用目录服务技术建造网格系统软件中的资源信息服务，提供了资源信息发现、收集、存储和访问机制，介绍了国家高性能计算环境的基本结构和功能，详细描述了基于轻权目录访问协议（LDAP）的网格系统软件的设计和实现。     

网格合同计算的有效协商机制研究

随着网格商业化的不断深入,网格计算要求：服务提供者和消费者间在组合服务中需达成端对端的高服务质量协议,高可靠性的组合服务协商机制和保障机制在网格计算中扮演着越来越重要的角色。所提出的网格合同计算模型,在组合服务过程中提供统一的用户接口,使交易双方自动动态协商满足每个单独服务的服务质量约束条件。在网格合同计算模型中,利用代理技术实现了自治网格合同计算协商机制,该协商机制遵循改进的两阶段提交FIPA协议。在服务合同中导入了软服务合同SSC和硬服务合同HSC概念,并指出动态绑定服务之前所生成的软服务合同SSC仅仅起到占位符的作用,只有在绑定时通过“硬化”才获得真实的服务承诺。     

Modeling and Analysis of Grid Service Reliability Considering Fault Recovery

The extreme complexity of grid system makes it extremely difficult to achieve high service reliability, and this situation is aggravated by the fact that many grid services need to perform time-consuming tasks that may require several days or even months of computation. To improve grid service reliability, this paper studies a fault recovery technique in grid systems and conducts in-depth research on grid reliability modeling and analysis with fault recovery. Grid failures considered in this paper are classified into two categories: unrecoverable failures and recoverable failures. Software reliability is taken into account as well. To make fault recovery more practical, certain constraints on fault recovery are introduced and grid service reliability models under these practical constraints are developed. Numerical examples are presented, and based on the results obtained, the impact of fault recovery as well as that of practical constraints on grid service reliability is discussed.     

Modeling and Analysis of Data Flow-Oriented ROS2 Data Distribution Service

Robot Operating System (ROS) is an open-source, meta-operating system, which can provide a structured communication layer based on the message mechanism on heterogeneous computing clusters. To improve the unsatisfactory real-time performance and reliability of data distribution in ROS1, ROS2 is proposed with a data flow-oriented data distribution service mechanism. This study validates the real-time performance and reliability of the ROS2 data distribution mechanism by means of probabilistic model checking. Firstly, a formal validation framework is put forward for the data flow-oriented ROS2 data distribution service system, and the probabilistic timed automata model is set up for the communication system module. Secondly, the probabilistic model checker PRISM is used to verify the real-time performance and reliability of data flow-oriented ROS2 data distribution service through the analysis of data loss rate and system response time. Finally, depending on the retransmission mechanism and Quality of Service (QoS) policy analysis, different data requirements and quantitative performance analysis of the transmission mode are achieved through the setting and adjustment of QoS parameters. This study can provide references for ROS2 application designers and the formal modeling, validation, and quantitative performance analysis of the distributed data distribution service based on the data flow.     

A performance model for analysis of heterogeneous multi-cluster systems

This paper addresses the problem of performance modeling for large-scale heterogeneous distributed systems with emphases on multi-cluster computing systems. Since the overall performance of distributed systems is often depends on the effectiveness of its communication network, the study of the interconnection networks for these systems is very important. Performance modeling is required to avoid poorly chosen components and architectures as well as discovering a serious shortfall during system testing just prior to deployment time. However, the multiplicity of components and associated complexity make performance analysis of distributed computing systems a challenging task. To this end, we present an analytical performance model for the interconnection networks of heterogeneous multi-cluster systems. The analysis is based on a parametric family of fat-trees, the m-port n-tree, and a deterministic routing algorithm, which is proposed in this paper. The model is validated through comprehensive simulation, which demonstrated that the proposed model exhibits a good degree of accuracy for various system organizations and under different working conditions.