超导故障限流器在电力系统中的应用研究

超导故障限流器与常规限流电抗器不同的是：它不但可以限制短路电流,使得轻型断路器可以正常动作,而且在电网正常运行时不呈现任何阻抗和电压降。首先对超导故障限流器的原理,分类及主要运行参数进行了讨论。通过ＥＭＴＰ９６对超导故障限流器的运行特性进行了仿真,证明超导故障限流器可以在电力系统中的应用。     

中大型超导储能装置的研制与应用

概述了中大型超导储能的研究和发展。介绍了美国３０ＭＪ超导储能系统，该系统在电网累积运行１２００ｈ的结果表明，它可以在一个复杂的电力系统中运行，对改善电力系统稳定、经济运行起到了良好的作用。随着高温超导材料的实用化和超导磁体技术的发展，世界各国将对超导储能表示出越来越大的兴趣，但超导储能尚需在实际工业应用条件下，显示其技术可行性和经济性     

独立风力发电系统的动态特性和稳定性

为了对独立风力发电系统的动态特性和稳定性进行评定，而对该系统的模拟和数字计算机模型，包括风力发电机组桨距控制和超导磁能贮存装置进行了研究。为改善稳定性和系统动态特性而引入了ＳＭＥＳ装置，对它的作用进行了研究。风力发电机组桨距控制增量是由平方误差的定积分进行优化而设定的。采用ＳＥＭＳ装置减小了由于负载扰动引起的频率偏移，采用本征值灵敏度技术已探索出系统稳定性的分析方法，也研究了具有优化增量设定的电力     

超导技术的发展及其在电力系统中的应用

超导技术在电力系统的应用是21世纪电力科学技术最具发展潜力的应用之一,文章回顾了超导技术的最新发展,重点介绍了已经或者正在商品化的超导电缆,超导变压器,超导电机,超导限流器,超导储能器等超导电力设备及其在电力系统中的应用和应用的突破方向。     

超导技术在电力系统中的应用

本文回顾了超导技术的最新发展 ,重点介绍了已经或者正在商品化的超导电缆、超导变压器、超导电机、超导限流器、超导储能器等超导电力设备及其在电力系统中的应用。     

风力柴油混合发电系统的稳定性模拟和参数优化

本文关于选择风力发电机桨距控制增量参数的系统方法是目前所采用的Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ技术，它能确保系统的稳定性。为了稳定性评估，而开发了一种风力柴油混合发电系统的综合数字计算机模型，含超导电磁蓄能装置，简称ＳＭＥＳ装置（以下同）。研究了引入ＳＭＥＳ装置对于提高系统稳定性和系统动态响应的影响。借助灵敏度特征值技术，对稳定性分析作进一步探讨。研究了含和不含ＳＭＥＳ装置的特征值，并将ＳＭＥＳ装置参数变化的影响     

超导电力技术的发展与超导电力装置的性能检测

充分利用国内各种优势资源开展超导电力技术的研究与开发,对于提高我国电力设备行业在国际市场上的竞争力及电力系统的技术经济性能均有重大的意义。基于对国内外超导电力技术及超导电力装置的充分调研,概括了超导电力技术的研究现状,归纳了超导电力技术中的关键课题,即超导电力装置;超导电力系统的协调运行与系统理论研究;超导电力系统中的在线监测与控制策略;超导电力相关学科的基础研究。指出了未来超导电力装置的研究重点,并给出了具有代表性的超导电力装置的试验、检测内容和性能检测方法,迈出了超导电力装置性能检测方法与规程研究的第一步。     

超导电力设备开发与应用中的仿真分析

超导电力设备是超导电力系统的重要组成部分,而仿真分析一直是设备开发的重要手段之一。全面总结了超导电力设备开发与研制中的仿真分析成果,包括超导材料特征仿真分析、失超特性仿真分析等方面的内容,并就如何将超导体的失超特性仿真与电力系统暂态仿真程序相结合这一问题进行了初步的探讨。受客观条件的限制,目前开发完善的适用于超导电力系统的暂态仿真软件还有一定的难度,有许多理论工作有待进行。     

高温超导新材料在电力设备上的应用

介绍了高温超导体新材料的开发、性能和优点,分析了高温超导新材料对超导发电机、超导电磁蓄能发电系统和超导飞轮蓄能发电系统发展的影响。     

当前对EMS/DTS 一体化的需要和未来发展

本文介绍中国当前调度自动化状况和对ＥＭＳ／ＤＴＳ一体化的需求。本文还分析了ＥＭＳ／ＤＴＳ一体化的优点和效益,以及在地区电力系统中的实际应用。     

含有SMES电力系统次同步谐振的抑制研究

随着中国社会主义市场化经济日趋深化,国民经济日益迅速的发展,用电负荷迅速增长,电网的输送容量也在不断地增大,输电距离不断加长。在这样的发展背景下串联补偿作为提高线路输电能力的手段在电网规划中越来越受到关注,但是在超高压远距离输电系统中采用串联电容补偿后,在某种运行方式或补偿度的情况下,会发生电力系统的次同步谐振（SSR）现象。柔性交流输电技术在电力系统中有着广阔的应用前景,是近年来电力系统研究的前沿课题之一。而超导磁储能系统（SMES）是FACTS家族的新型重要成员,是储能补偿装置的代表。采用扫频一复转矩法分析系统的次同步谐振,摒弃传统的PID控制策略,设计多目标控制算法实现对SMES装置的系统级控制,使其在进行无功补偿的同时可以阻尼电力系统次同步谐振现象,这既有理论又有现实意义。     

赋予能量管理角色的可控超导储能技术

由于可控超导储能（SMES）装置可以直接向电网吸收和释放能量，具有高效、无污染和安全可靠的特点，因此人们已改变仅仅将其用于调节电力系统日负荷曲线的初衷，更加热衷于将其用于提高电力系统的稳定性、可靠性以及用户电能质量，超导储能装置被赋予了电网能量管理系统的角色。文中简要介绍了超导储能装置的主要技术和原理，分析了其在提高电力系统稳定性、可靠性和改善电能质量方面的技术特点，以及未来的发展趋势。     

Power oscillation damping by superconducting magnetic energy (SMES) storage unit

With the increase in the size and capacity of electric power systems and the growth of widespread interconnections, the problem of power oscillations due to the reduced system damping has become increasingly serious. Since a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) unit with a self-commutated converter is capable of controlling both the active (P) and reactive (Q) power simultaneously and quickly, increasing attention has been focused recently on power system stabilization by SMES control. This paper describes the effects of SMES control on the damping of power oscillations. By examining the case of a single generator connected to an infinite bus through both theoretical analyses and experimental tests (performed with a SMES unit with maximum stored energy of 16 kJ and an artificial model system), the difference in the effects between P and Q control of SMES is clarified as follows:

• 1 In the case of P control, as the SMES unit is placed closer to the terminal of the generator, the power oscillations will decay more rapidly.
• 2 In the case of Q control, it is most effective to install the SMES unit near the midpoint of the system.
• 3 By comparing the P control with Q control, the former is more effective than the latter based on the conditions that the SMES unit location and the control gain are the same.

     

面向智能电网能量调控应用的超导磁储能技术：理论模型、装置特性、研究现状和应用展望

超导磁储能技术在未来智能电网的快速、高效、智能化能量调控中具有重要的应用前景。为推进此技术的实用化研究,构建了基于电路-磁场-超导体耦合分析原理的能量交互仿真模型,开发了能量交互实验测试平台,在超导磁储能系统中友好地桥接了应用超导领域和电气工程领域。在总结超导磁储能技术研究现状的基础上,提出了面向低温液氢燃料电池汽车应用、低压直流微型电网应用及未来智能电网应用的新的实用系统方案设计及可行性分析,展望了超导磁储能系统在未来智能电网的发、输、配、用电环节中的核心应用模式和重要应用前景。     

超导磁储能装置对输电线路多边形特性距离保护的影响分析

超导磁储能(SMES)装置响应速度快,能够对有功、无功进行独立控制,在电力系统中将得到越来越广泛的应用。SMES并入系统后的充放电过程会与电网双向交换功率,可能会对输电线路的继电保护产生影响,造成保护装置的不正确动作。在建立SMES电磁暂态仿真模型的基础上,在PSCAD环境下研究了含SMES的单机无穷大系统(SMIB)输电线路多边形距离保护的动作特性,针对不同短路故障类型和SMES的不同安装位置分析了多边形距离保护的动作结果。仿真结果表明,SMES并入电网后多边形距离保护的测量阻抗发生了变化,在某些情况下会对保护的动作结果产生影响。最后提出了一个保护动作特性曲线的改进方案,并通过仿真试验验证了其可行性。     

Application of simultaneous active and reactive power modulation ofSMES unit under unequal α-mode for power system stabilization

A simple and novel control strategy for damping electromechanical oscillations through control of power converter firing angles α ₁ and α₂ of a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit is proposed. Both active and reactive power modulations are used under unequal α-mode of operation. The choice of unequal mode is discussed in detail. The gains of the proposed SMES controller are determined once offline depending on the power system and the rating of the SMES unit. Simulation results show that the SMES unit can effectively suppress power system oscillations by utilizing its active and reactive power modulation capabilities. The control algorithm is simple and its realization will require very little hardware     

Optimization of the electric power leveling system by using superconducting magnetic energy storage with genetic algorithm

A new optimization method of the electric power leveling system using an SMES is proposed. The SMES is parallelly connected with rolling mills in steel works. The leveling control is based on fuzzy reasoning. The SMES capacity and the scaling factors of the fuzzy controller will be optimized so that the power leveling control can be achieved and then the total cost of the added SMES cost and reduced contract electricity rate becomes lower. The optimization is carried out using a genetic algorithm and a cost reduction of 7.76 billion yen can be achieved. Power leveling simulation confirms that the proposed optimization method is very effective for designing the power leveling system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(3): 62–69, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20049     

Techno-economic analysis of MJ class high temperature Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage(SMES) systems applied to renewable power grids

High temperature Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage(SMES) systems can exchange energy with substantial renewable power grids in a small period of time with very high efficiency. Because of this distinctive feature, they store the abundant wind power when the power network is congested and release the energy back to the system when there is no congestion. However, considering the cost and lifespan of SMES systems, there is an urgent demand to conduct a cost-benefit analysis to justify its role in smart grid development. This study explores the application and performs economic analysis of a 5 MJ SMES in a practical renewable power system in China based on the PSCAD/EMTDC software. An optimal location of SMES in Zhangbei wind farm is presented using real power transmission parameters. The stabilities of the renewable power grid with and without SMES are discussed. In addition, a financial feasibility study is conducted by comparing the cost and the savings from wind power curtailment of deploying SMES and battery. The economic analysis tries to find the balance between SMES investment cost and wind farm operation cost by using real data over a calendar year. The technical analysis can help guide the optimal allocation of SMES for compensating power system instability with substantial wind power. Further, the economic analysis provides a useful indication of its practical application feasibility to fight the balance between cost and benefit.     

Optimization of Electric Power Leveling Systems by Taper‐Off‐Reflectance Particle Swarm Optimization

It has become desirable to develop energy control technologies for environmental issues such as global warming and exhaustion of fossil fuel. Power fluctuations in large power consumer facilities may cause instability of electric power systems and increase the cost of the electric power facilities and electricity charges. Developing electric power leveling systems (EPLS) to compensate power fluctuations is necessary for future electric power systems. EPLS with an SMES has been proposed as one countermeasure for use in electric power quality improvement. SMES is superior to other energy storage devices in response and storage efficiency. The authors have proposed EPLS based on fuzzy control with SMES. For this practical implementation, optimizing the control gain and SMES capacity is an important issue. This paper proposes a new method for optimization of the EPLS. The proposed algorithm is a novel particle swarm optimization based on taper‐off reflectance (TRPSO). The proposed TRPSO optimizes the design variables of the EPLS efficiently and effectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(3): 10–18, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.22472     

基于混合高温超导储能系统的电网动态功率补偿策略与试验

为实现高温超导储能系统(SMES)对电网功率波动的动态补偿,采用第1代铋系和第2代钇钡铜氧高温超导材料,设计并构建了过冷液氮温区运行、千焦级容量的混合高温超导储能系统。应用数字信号处理器和微控制器的双处理器形式,设计了LCL滤波的电压型SMES变流器的功率控制系统电路,基于空间矢量脉冲调制法(SVPWM),提出了SMES变流器对系统功率补偿的控制方法,并进行控制软件编程,实现对并网侧功率的动态监测和补偿策略的实时计算。最后应用SMES在一条200km输电线路上进行并网动模试验,针对电网负荷变化产生的功率波动状态,实现了毫秒级内对电力系统的快速功率输出和波动抑制,验证了超导储能系统对电网瞬时功率补偿策略和功率补偿变流装置的有效性。