A method for real-time deconvolution

Real-time deconvolution can be used as a powerful tool for the identification of linear systems in many areas. The availability of high-speed VLSI convolvers/correlators opens possibilities of dealing with this problem digitally. The application of the frequency-domain Van-Cittert closed form as a deconvolution filter which can be implemented with such devices is analyzed. The topics addressed include the choice of the optimum parameter values (scaling constant, and expansion coefficient) in relation to the deconvolution bandwidth, and hence, deconvolution accuracy. It has been found that this technique shows a low sensitivity to the expansion coefficient value, making any repetitive optimization process unnecessary     

一种利于工程应用的快速反卷积波束形成方法

针对传统的反卷积波束形成算法在处理宽带随机信号时计算量过大的问题,给出了一种利于工程应用的快速反卷积波束形成方法。利用不同频率阵列波束图的相似性,将宽带随机信号划分成非等间距的多个窄带,并在每个窄带取一个频率点的点扩散函数(Point Spread Function, PSF)进行反卷积的近似处理,极大地提高了反卷积波束形成的计算速度。通过在波束功率谱上进行边界扩展,解决了因 Richardson-Lucy(R-L)迭代算法带来的边界模糊问题,进一步提高了计算速度。仿真和海试结果表明,该方法相对于常规波束形成具有更高的分辨力、更高的处理增益和更好的旁瓣抑制能力;相对于传统反卷积波束形成计算速度提升了 50%以上。     

基于信号子空间的新型盲解卷积方法

解卷积方法已广泛应用于振动信号的故障冲击提取.然而设备运行工况复杂多变、故障特征周期难以准确预知以及随机冲击干扰,使得当前的解卷积方法难以适应工业现场复杂环境下故障冲击增强的需求.针对该问题,提出了一种基于信号子空间的新型盲解卷积方法.该方法通过奇异值分解(SVD)方法将测试信号空间分解,分离各子空间,在此基础上通过稀...     

基于解卷积的高精度水下声信标测向方法

针对水下声信标搜寻定位声呐对搜寻定位效率的需求,文章引入一种基于空域解卷积的高精度水下声信标测向方法,对常规波束形成结果进行解卷积处理,提高了声信标搜寻定位声呐的处理增益和测向精度,提高了搜寻定位效率,并且使得为搜索发射频率为37.5 kHz的声信标设计的声呐,同时也具备了对发射频率为8.8 kHz的声信标的搜寻定位功能。通过仿真和实测数据验证了文中方法的有效性。     

A local boundary integral equation method for potential problems

Boundary integral equation (boundary element) methods have the advantage over other commonly used numerical methods that they do not require values of the unknowns at points within the solution domain to be computed. Further benefits would be obtained if attention could be confined to information at one small part of the boundary, the particular region of interest in a given problem. A local boundary integral equation method based on a Taylor series expansion of the unknown function is developed to do this for two-dimensional potential problems governed by Laplace's equation. Very accurate local values of the function and its derivatives can be obtained. The method should find particular application in the efficient refinement of approximate solutions obtained by other numerical techniques.     

A robust local polynomial collocation method

In this paper, a robust local polynomial collocation method is presented. Based on collocation, this method is rather simple and straightforward. The present method is developed in a way that the governing equation is satisfied on boundaries as well as boundary conditions. This requirement makes the present method more accurate and robust than conventional collocation methods, especially in estimating the partial derivatives of the solution near the boundary. Studies about the sensitivity of the shape parameter and the local supporting range in the moving least square approach and the convergence of the nodal resolution are carried out by using some benchmark problems. This method is further verified by applying it to a steady‐state convection–diffusion problem. Finally, the present method is applied to calculate the velocity fields of two potential flow problems. More accurate numerical results are obtained.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A causal regularizing deconvolution filter for optimal waveformreconstruction

A causal regularizing filter is described for selecting an optimal reconstruction of a signal from a deconvolution of its measured data and the measurement instrument's impulse response. Measurement noise and uncertainties in the instrument's response can cause the deconvolution (or inverse problem) to be ill-posed, thereby precluding accurate signal restoration. Nevertheless, close approximations to the signal may be obtained by using reconstruction techniques that alter the problem so that it becomes numerically solvable. A regularizing reconstruction technique is implemented that automatically selects the optimal reconstruction via an adjustable parameter and a specific stopping criterion, which is also described. Waveforms reconstructed using this filter do not exhibit large oscillations near transients as observed in other regularized reconstructions. Furthermore, convergence to the optimal solution is rapid     

A local grid refinement scheme for B-spline material point method

A local grid refinement scheme for the material point method with B-spline basis functions (BSMPM) is developed based on the concept of bridging domain approach. The fine grid is defined in the local large-deformation regions to accurately capture the complex material responses, whereas other spatial domains are discritized by coarse grids. In the overlapping domain between the fine and coarse grids, the constraint of particle displacements obtained with different grids is enforced using the Lagrange multiplier method to eliminate the spurious stress reflection at the fine/coarse grid interface. Representative numerical examples have shown that the BSMPM simulations with the proposed local grid refinement scheme could provide the solutions in good agreement with those obtained with the uniformly fine grid, and that no significant spurious stress reflection is induced at the fine/coarse grid interface, even for the bridging domain size as small as the cell size of the fine grid. It is also found that the proposed local grid refinement method can significantly reduce the BSMPM computational time compared with the cases for uniformly fine grids. A multitime-step algorithm is presented and shown to considerably enhance the efficiency of the present local grid refinement scheme with no compromise in accuracy.     

A local boundary integral-based meshless method for Biot's consolidation problem

Traditional numerical techniques such as FEM and BEM have been successfully applied to the solutions of Biot's consolidation problems. However, these techniques confront some difficulties in dealing with moving boundaries. In addition, pre-designing node connectivity or element is not an easy task. Recently, developed meshless methods may overcome these difficulties. In this paper, a meshless model, based on the local Petrov–Galerkin approach with Heaviside step function as well as radial basis functions, is developed and implemented for the numerical solution of plane strain poroelastic problems. Although the proposed method is based on local boundary integral equation, it does not require any fundamental solution, thus avoiding the singularity integral. It also has no domain integral over local domain, thus largely reducing the computational cost in formulation of system stiffness. This is a truly meshless method. The solution accuracy and the code performance are evaluated through one-dimensional and two-dimensional consolidation problems. Numerical examples indicate that this meshless method is suitable for either regular or irregular node distributions with little loss of accuracy, thus being a promising numerical technique for poroelastic problems.     

Improving the convergence rate of Jansson's deconvolution method

We investigate a technique to speed up the convergence of Jansson's deconvolution method. The technique extends the work of Agard who applied an inverse filter to the correction term in Jansson's iterative equation. Test cases include severely overlapped peaks having moderate and low signal-to-noise ratios. The results show significant reductions in the final estimate's rms error.     

A meshless local Petrov-Galerkin scaled boundary method

The scaled boundary finite-element method is a new semi-analytical approach to computational mechanics developed by Wolf and Song. The method weakens the governing differential equations by introducing shape functions along the circumferential coordinate direction(s). The weakened set of ordinary differential equations is then solved analytically in the radial direction. The resulting approximation satisfies the governing differential equations very closely in the radial direction, and in a finite-element sense in the circumferential direction. This paper develops a meshless method for determining the shape functions in the circumferential direction based on the local Petrov-Galerkin approach. Increased smoothness and continuity of the shape functions is obtained, and the solution is shown to converge significantly faster than conventional scaled boundary finite elements when a comparable number of degrees of freedom are used. No stress recovery process is necessary, as sufficiently accurate stresses are obtained directly from the derivatives of the displacement field.     

A novel method for local administration of strontium from implant surfaces

This study proves that a film of Strontianite (SrCO₃) successfully can be formed on a bioactive surface of sodium titanate when exposed to a strontium acetate solution. This Strontianite film is believed to enable local release of strontium ions from implant surfaces and thus stimulate bone formation in vivo. Depending on the method, different types of films were achieved with different release rates of strontium ions, and the results points at the possibility to tailor the rate and amount of strontium that is to be released from the surface. Strontium has earlier been shown to be highly involved in the formation of new bone as it stimulates the replication of osteoblasts and decreases the activity of osteoclasts. The benefit of strontium has for example been proved in studies where the number of vertebral compression fractures in osteoporotic persons was drastically reduced in patients receiving therapeutical doses of strontium. Therefore, it is here suggested that the bone healing process around an implant may be improved if strontium is administered locally at the site of the implant. The films described in this paper were produced by a simple immersion process where alkali treated titanium was exposed to an aqueous solution containing strontium acetate. By heating the samples at different times during the process, different release rates of strontium ions were achieved when the samples were exposed to simulated body fluid. The strontium containing films also promoted precipitation of bone like apatite when exposed to a simulated body fluid.     

Charge ratio analysis method: approach for the deconvolution of electrospray mass spectra

A new method to interpret electrospray mass spectral data based on calculating the ratio of mass-to-charge (m/z) values of multiply charged ions is described. The mass-to-charge ratios of any two multiply charged ions corresponding to a single compound are unique numbers that enable the charge states for each ion to be unequivocally identified. The multiply charged ions in electrospray mass spectra originate from the addition or abstraction of protons, cations, or anions to and from a compound under analysis. In contrast to existing deconvolution processes, the charge ratio analysis method (CRAM), identifies the charge states of multiply charged ions without any prior knowledge of the nature of the charge-carrying species. In the case of high-resolution electrospray mass spectral data, in which multiply charged ions are resolved to their isotopic components, the CRAM is capable of correlating the isotope peaks of different multiply charged ions that share the same isotopic composition. This relative ratio method is illustrated here for electrospray mass spectral data of lysozyme and oxidized ubiquitin recorded at low- to high-mass resolution on quadrupole ion trap and Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometers, and theoretical data for the protein calmodulin based upon a reported spectrum recorded on the latter.     

A computer program for the deconvolution of thermoluminescence glow curves

A quick and efficient computer program was developed in order to resolve the peaks from the thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve. The program was designed to be easily used on any MS Windows-based computer with a graphical user interface. In this program, a new method based on the general one-trap TL equation was adopted to analyse the TL glow curve with the traditional first-order, second-order and general-order kinetics model. The method described here, general approximation, generates TL glow peaks and interpolates the relevant TL parameters from the glow data. The program was tested with simulated and experimental TL glow data and the results were found to be adequate and reliable.     

A deconvolution filter for improvement of time-delay estimation in elastography

In elastography, tissue under investigation is compressed, and the resulting strain is estimated from the gradient of displacement estimates. Therefore, it is important to accurately estimate the displacements (time-delay) for good quality elastograms. A principal source of error in time-delay estimation in elastography is the decorrelation of the echo signal due to tissue compression (decorrelation noise). Temporal stretching of the postcompression signals has been shown to reduce the decorrelation noise at small strains. In this article, we present a deconvolution filter that reduces the decorrelation even further when applied in conjunction with signal stretching. The performance of the proposed filter is evaluated using simulated data.     

A local solution method for shock boundary-layer interaction on a swept wing

Summary The paper describes a local solution method for the calculation of the interaction between a weak shock front and a turbulent boundary layer on a swept wing. A multiple-deck approach allows the simplification of the governing equations according to the physical character of each deck. The mathematical model is based upon small-perturbation theory. The final boundary-layer solution is given by an iterative coupling of the solutions for each domain. The results are compared with experiments and with other theoretical solutions.     

最小熵解卷积法轮对轴承故障诊断

针对强噪声下轮对轴承弱故障特征难以提取,以及在实际信号检测中检测信号在故障点到检测点的传播路径中有变形和失真导致实际采集信号成分复杂难以判别的问题,提出基于最小熵解卷积的轴承故障诊断方法。该方法的核心是利用熵最小原理设计最优滤波器,突出信号中的脉冲冲击,使滤波后信号近似于原始冲击信号,消除检测中传递路径对信号的干扰,对解卷积后的信号做包络谱分析达到轮对轴承故障诊断的目的。通过实验分析,基于最小熵解卷积的轴承故障诊断方法能很好突出冲击脉冲,在包络谱中能够准确检测到故障的基频和高次谐波。     

A novel tip-induced local electrical decomposition method for thin GeO films nanostructuring

Decomposition of germanium monoxide (GeO) films under the impact of an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip was observed for the first time. It is known that GeO is metastable in the solid phase and decomposes into Ge and GeO(2) under thermal annealing or radiation impact. AFM tip treatments allow us to carry out local decomposition. A novel tip-induced local electrical decomposition (TILED) method of metastable GeO films has been developed. Using?TILED of 10?nm thin GeO film, Ge nanowires on silicon substrates were obtained.     

A meshless local boundary integral equation method for two-dimensional steady elliptic problems

A novel meshless local boundary integral equation (LBIE) method is proposed for the numerical solution of two-dimensional steady elliptic problems, such as heat conduction, electrostatics or linear elasticity. The domain is discretized by a distribution of boundary and internal nodes. From this nodal points’ cloud a “background” mesh is created by a triangulation algorithm. A local form of the singular boundary integral equation of the conventional boundary elements method is adopted. Its local form is derived by considering a local domain of each node, comprising by the union of neighboring “background” triangles. Therefore, the boundary shape of this local domain is a polygonal closed line. A combination of interpolation schemes is taken into account. Interpolation of boundary unknown field variables is accomplished through boundary elements’ shape functions. On the other hand, the Radial Basis Point Interpolation Functions method is employed for interpolating the unknown interior fields. Essential boundary conditions are imposed directly due to the Kronecker delta-function property of the boundary elements’ interpolation functions. After the numerical evaluation of all boundary integrals, a banded stiffness matrix is constructed, as in the finite elements method. Several potential and elastostatic benchmark problems in two dimensions are solved numerically. The proposed meshless LBIE method is also compared with other numerical methods, in order to demonstrate its efficiency, accuracy and convergence.     

A meshless local boundary integral equation method for solving transient elastodynamic problems

A new local boundary integral equation (LBIE) method for solving two dimensional transient elastodynamic problems is proposed. The method utilizes, for its meshless implementation, nodal points spread over the analyzed domain and employs the moving least squares (MLS) approximation for the interpolation of the interior and boundary variables. On the global boundary, displacements and tractions are treated as independent variables. The local integral representation of displacements at each nodal point contains both surface and volume integrals, since it employs the simple elastostatic fundamental solution and considers the acceleration term as a body force. On the local boundaries, tractions are avoided with the aid of the elastostatic companion solution. The collocation of the local boundary/volume integral equations at all the interior and boundary nodes leads to a final system of ordinary differential equations, which is solved stepwise by the -Wilson finite difference scheme. Direct numerical techniques for the accurate evaluation of both surface and volume integrals are employed and presented in detail. All the strongly singular integrals are computed directly through highly accurate integration techniques. Three representative numerical examples that demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed methodology are provided.