低量Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂TiO2制备及催化活性

利用溶胶-凝胶法在煅烧温度540℃制备了纯的和不同Gd^3＋／^3＋共掺杂的TiO2纳米粉体,并用XRD技术对样品进行了表征。研究了Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共杂量对样品相结构、晶粒尺寸和光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性的影响,利用相结构与纳米TiO2光催化活性关系探讨了Gd^2＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂对纳米TiO2的光催化活性。结果表明,与纯TiO2相比,适量共掺杂Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋可以显著提高其光催化活性。当Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂量为0．04％／0．04％,Ti02纳米粉体的光催化活性最佳,降解率为89．96％,其金红石相含量为32％,平均晶粒粒径为30nm,Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂强烈地抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,减小晶粒尺寸这两方面均有利于提高光催化活性。     

稀土离子(La3+,Eu3+)掺杂纳米TiO2的光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Eu^3＋,La^3＋掺杂纳米TiO2粉体,并采用亚甲基蓝为目标降解物考察了稀土掺杂对TiO2光催化活性的影响。实验表明：适量的La^3＋掺杂可以提高TiO2的光催化活性,最佳掺杂浓度为0.3 mol%;La^3＋掺杂后降解反应符合一级反应动力学,H2O2的加入会使其反应速率大大提高;0.25 mol%Eu^3＋掺杂在日光灯下较紫外灯下显示出更好的光催化活性,这可能由于Eu^3＋掺杂导致了TiO2吸收光谱范围的整体红移;通过XRD图谱分析可以看出La^3＋、Eu^3＋掺杂均可以抑制TiO2的晶型转变,减小光催化剂的平均粒径,掺杂后其平均粒径均约为10 nm,TEM结果与XRD大致吻合。     

掺杂钕离子纳米TiO2的制备及光催化降解水中苯酚的研究

以钛酸四丁醇为原料，采用溶胶．凝胶法制备了掺杂Nd^3＋的纳米TiO2光催化剂，探讨了掺杂对二氧化钛光催化活性的影响。通过X射线衍射（XRD），透射电镜（XRD）对制备的Md^3＋掺杂TiO2样品的相组成和晶粒大小进行了分析，并以苯酚为降解对象，考察了不同掺杂浓度，不同热处理温度下掺杂TiO2对苯酚的光催化降解效果。结果表明：掺杂Nd^3＋的TiO2为锐钛矿和金红石的混合晶相，Nd^3＋掺杂可阻碍TiO2的晶相转变，减小催化剂的晶粒尺寸，提高TiO2粒子的光催化活性。在本实验范围内，当Nd^3＋质量分数为0．8％（以TiO2质量计），处理温度为500℃时，TiO2光催化活性较高。与未掺杂的TiO2相比，其光催化活性提高约70％。     

Ag^＋掺杂TiO2纳米粉体制备及光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,利用溶胶凝胶法制备Ag 掺杂TiO2纳米粉体,采用正交实验考察了掺杂量、浓硝酸、冰醋酸、煅烧温度等因素对其制备的影响,从而确定制备工艺最佳条件.通过XRD、TEM、TG-DSC等测试技术对掺杂纳米TiO2粉体进行表征.最佳工艺条件为:掺Ag 量0.5 %(摩尔分数),冰醋酸1mL,浓硝酸0.2mL,煅烧温度450℃,制得颗粒粒径为12.16nm.以甲基橙为降解物,通过自制光催化反应装置,研究了光催化剂的活性,结果表明:Ag 掺杂制备的TiO2纳米粉体具有较高的光催化活性,试验条件下Ag 掺杂TiO2纳米粉体最高降解率为79.38%.     

Fe3+掺杂纳米TiO2的表征及其光催化性能的研究

[目的]提高TiO2的可见光响应和光催化活性.[方法]采用溶胶凝胶法制备掺铁纳米TiO2粉体,进而研究掺铁TiO2的光催化活性.[结果]450 ℃煅烧后掺铁TiO2出现了很明显的TiO2特征衍射峰,且峰形尖锐,结晶良好,均没有出现铁的掺杂新相.随着掺铁量的提高,TiO2的粒径逐渐减小,当掺杂量为0.4%时,TiO2的粒径最小,减少至纯TiO2的45%.掺铁抑制了锐钛矿向金红石矿的转变.随着焙烧温度的升高,TiO2的粒径逐渐增大.用溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2均为纳米级,基本成球形颗粒.纯TiO2粒子分布不是很均匀,团聚现象明显;掺铁TiO2颗粒分布均匀,没有明显的团聚现象;掺铁使TiO2在紫外灯和太阳光下的降解性能都有着不同程度的提高.[结论]溶胶-凝胶法制备的掺铁纳米TiO2细化了晶体晶粒,抑制了锐钛矿向金红石矿的转变.     

低量Y3+掺杂对TiO2光催化活性的影响

利用溶胶-凝胶法在煅烧温度600 ℃制备了不同Y3 掺杂量的纳米TiO2粉体,并用XRD技术对样品进行了表征.研究了Y3 掺杂量对样品相结构、晶粒尺寸和光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性的影响,利用相结构与纳米TiO2光催化活性关系探讨了Y3 掺杂对纳米TiO2的光催化活性.结果表明,适量掺杂Y3 可以提高其光催化活性.当Y3 掺杂量为0.04%, 纳米TiO2粉体的光催化活性最佳,降解率为94.6%,其金红石相含量为9.8%,平均粒径为12 nm,Y3 掺杂强烈地抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,减小晶粒尺寸这两方面均有利于提高光催化活性.     

掺Mo~(6+)附Ag纳米TiO_2在可见光下降解酸性大红3R

通过溶胶-凝胶法结合光催化还原法制备掺Mo6+附Ag的TiO2纳米颗粒,并在可见光下对酸性大红3R进行降解实验,研究其在可见光下的催化活性,并与纯TiO2、仅掺Mo6+或仅附Ag的TiO2进行对比。进一步讨论在可见光照射下掺杂量、焙烧温度等因素对掺Mo6+附Ag纳米TiO2降解性能的影响。结果表明:可见光下Ag/Mo6+/TiO2比纯TiO2、仅掺Mo6+或仅附Ag的TiO2显示出更高的活性,这是因为金属Mo6+的掺杂和贵金属银的沉积使二氧化钛的吸收带边发生红移,拓宽了可见光的响应范围;Ag/Mo6+/TiO2催化剂的催化活性最高时的Mo6+掺杂量为4.5%,银的附着量为2%。焙烧温度为500℃,这种掺Mo6+附Ag纳米TiO2对酸性大红3R的降解率可达87.6%.     

离子交换法制备纳米CeO2晶体

提出一种以99．995％Ce（NO3）3为原料。强碱性阴离子交换树脂为交换介质。采用离子交换法制备高纯度的纳米CeO2晶体的新方法。就离子交换反应过程中的Ce^3＋浓度、树脂加入速度和离子交换温度及Ce（OH）3的煅烧温度等条件对CeO2粒径的影响进行了探讨，得出了离子交换法制备纳米CeO2晶体的最佳工艺条件。FT—IR，TEM和XRD分析表明，离子交换法无需对合成的Ce（OH）3溶胶进行洗涤即可去除NO3^-,CO3^2-等阴离子杂质。将该溶胶真空干燥后，在空气中于100℃下焙烧4h得粒径分布均匀、平均晶粒尺寸约5nm。高纯度的CeO2粉体。     

Sol-gel processed Ce^3＋, Tb^3＋ codoped white emitting phosphors in Sr2Al2SiO7

Sr2Al2SiO7：Ce^3＋, Tb^3＋ white emitting phosphors were fabricated using the sol-gel method. X-Ray Powder Diffraction （XRD） analysis confirmed the formation of Sr2Al2SiO7：Ce^3＋, Tb^3＋. Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM） observation indicated that the microstructure of the phosphor consisted of regular fine grains with an average size of about 0.5-1 μm. Luminescence properties were analyzed by measuring the photoluminescence spectra. The Ce^3＋, Tb^3＋-codoped Sr2Al2SiO7 phosphors showed four main emission peaks： one at 414 nm for Ce^3＋ and three at 482, 543, and 588 nm for Tb^3＋. The emission spectra of the samples with different doping concentrations showed that the Tb^3＋ emission was dominant because of the persistent energy transfer from Ce^3＋. The decay characteristic was better than that prepared by the solid-state process in the comparable condition. The codoped phosphor displayed long persistent white phosphorescence.     

Application of monodispersive anion exchangers in sorption and separation of Y^3＋ from Nd^3＋ and Sm^3＋ complexes with dcta

Rare earth complexes with trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N ,N -tetraacetic acid （DCTA） of the Ln（dcta） type exhibited an unusual sequence of affinity on the polystyrene anion exchangers： pm^3＋〉Nd^3＋〉Sm^3＋〉Pr^3＋〉Ce^3＋〉Eu^3＋〉Gd^3＋〉La^3＋〉Sc^3＋〉Tb^3＋〉Dy^3＋〉 Ho^3＋〉Y^3＋〉Er^3＋〉Tm^3＋〉Yb3＋〉Lu^3＋[1]. Taking into account the position of Y^3＋, Sm^3＋, and Nd^3＋ in this affinity series, for the monodispersive polystyrene anion exchangers, Lewatit MonoPlus M 500, Lewatit MonoPlus M 600, Lewatit MonoPlus MP 500, Lewatit MonoPlus MP 64, and for the heterodispersive anion exchanger, Lewatit MP 62, the weight （Dg） and bed （Dv） distribution coefficients of these complexes and working ion exchange capacities （Cw） were determined. Based on these values, purifications of Y^3＋ from Nd^3＋ and Y^3＋ from Sm^3＋ in the macro-micro component system on these anion exchangers were studied. The application potential of this method was highlighted for the separation of Y^3＋ in the presence of Nd^3＋ and Sm^3＋. With 1 L of monodispersive and strongly basic polystyrene gel anion exchanger Lewatit MonoPlus M 500 in the acetate form, it is possible to obtain approximately 79 g Y2O3 purified from Nd2O3 and 70 g Y2O3 purified from Sm2O3 in the same process condition.     

Preparation of Nano-TiO2 Doped with Cerium and Its Photocatalytic Activity

Cerium-doped titanium dioxide nano-powders were prepared through the sol-gel method and the compound sampies were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectra （DRS）. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of phenol in water. The results of XRD, TEM, and DRS show that pure TiO2 and Ce-doped TiO2 powder crystallines are a mixture of anatase and rutile ; the doping can retard the development of the grain size of TiO2 and decrease the diameter of TiO2 from more than 20 nm of pure TiO2 to about 10 nm; the doped TiO2 can improve the light absorption of TiO2 and suitable doping content tends to move the DRS spectrum of TiO2 towards visible light, but too much doping is not good for the light absorption ability. The results of the photocatalytic experiments show that doping with Ce content of 0.08% -0.4% can increase the photocatalytic activity of TiO2; however, doping with Ce content of 0.5% -2.5% can significantly decrease the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The favorite doping content is 0.4% in the range of our experiments.     

Photocatalytic Activity of Nanosized TiO2 Enhanced by co-doping with Fe3+ and Nd3+ Ions

In this study, nanosized TiO2 co-doped with Fe3 and Nd3 ions was synthesized via a sol-gel method. The metallic ion doped TiO2 was thoroughly characterized with XRD and UV-vis, and the photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB) solution. The results indicated that TiO2 crystalline size was reduced and phase transformation of anatase to rutile was suppressed as the content of doped Nd3 ion increased in the co-doped TiO2. The UV-vis spectra of co-doped TiO2 seemed to simply overlay two spectra of single metal doped TiO2, and had significantly increased absorbance in the ranges of 400~500 nm, 565~600 nm and 730~765 nm as compared to pure TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of co-doped TiO2 was obviously enhanced, and raised about 30% compared to that of pure TiO2 as doped Nd3 content was 0.15% and Fe3 content was 0.05%, respectively. The enhanced catalytic activity was attributed to a synergistic effect of two doped ions, where doped Fe3 ion inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electron and hole, and Nd3 ion brought more surface carboxyl to promote the degradation reaction.     

Visible-Light Excitated Photocatalytic Activity of Rare Earth Metal-Ion-Doped Titania

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Preparation and Characteristics of Rare Earth Loaded Titanium Dioxide

Composite oxide catalysts Eu/TiO2, Ce/TiO2, Y/TiO2 (RE/TiO2) were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by means of UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM and BET. The results indicate that the size of TiO2 has different elfeet on the modification efficiency. The catalytic activity of micron scale TiO2 increases by 136% and 59% owing to the addition of Y and Ce, respectively, while the catalytic activity of nanoscale TiO2 decreases due to the doping of Y and Ce.     

Fe2O3、Cr2O3掺杂对4YSZ导电性能的影响

用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了分别掺Fe2O3和Cr2O3的4YSZ前驱体凝胶,凝胶在500℃预烧,压制成圆片状后在1 300℃煅烧2 h得到所需试样;分别研究Fe2O3、Cr2O3的不同掺量对试样的烧结性能、电导率的影响。结果表明掺Fe2O3可提高试样的电导率和烧结性能;掺Cr2O3可提高试样的低温电导率,但使试样的烧结性能下降。     

La_2O_3掺杂对V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂SCR性能的影响

通过共沉淀法将La组分掺入到TiO_2载体中,采用浸渍法将V和W组分负载到La_2O_3-TiO_2复合氧化物上,制备出V2O5-WO3/La_2O_3-TiO_2催化剂。考察不同La_2O_3掺杂量对其NH3催化还原NO性能的影响,同时通过多种物理化学手段进行表征分析。XRD,NH_3-in situ DRIFTS,H_2-TPR,XPS和UV-vis DRS测试结果表明,元素La与Ti以La-O-Ti键相互作用,生成高度分散的镧物种,也使得TiO_2具有更好的热稳定性,但由于LaO_x物种与VO_x物种和WO_x物种之间的相互作用,降低了催化剂的氧化还原性和表面Brnsted酸数量,从而降低了其催化活性。     

掺杂对氢化燃烧合成镁基储氢合金性能的影响

借助XRD、SEM和自制放氢量的测试装置研究了掺杂对氢化燃烧合成镁镍储氢合金性能的影响。结果表明：三种掺杂中以掺富铈镧系金属产生的镁镍氢化物最多,掺铜产生镁镍氢化物的晶格畸变最为明显。晶胞分析显示Mg_2NiH_4的晶胞参数都有一定的变化。300℃、0．1 MPa下放氢速率的测量显示,掺杂降低了放氢温度,放氢速率一般为6～10 min。掺铜放氢量为2．68％,掺钛放氢量为2．35％,掺富铈镧系金属放氢量为3．10％,掺钛、掺富铈镧系金属活化可适当提高吸放氢量。     

High thermal stable gold catalyst supported on La2O3 doped Fe2O3 for low-temperature CO oxidation

La2O3 doped Fe2O3 support was prepared by co-precipitation method,and gold was loaded by deposition-precipitation.Thermal stability of gold catalyst was enhanced considerably by La2O3 doping.Even when calcined at 500 oC for 12 h,the catalyst doped with La2O3 could convert 90% of CO at 28.9 oC,while the catalyst without La2O3 doping achieved 90% CO conversion at 43.5 oC.Characterization techniques,such as N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopic(TEM) and thermogravime...     

Photocatalytic activity of cerium-doped mesoporous TiO2 coated Fe3O4 magnetic composite under UV and visible light

A novel kind of magnetically separable photocatalyst of cerrium-doped mesoporous titanium dioxide coated magnetite (Ce/MTiO2/ Fe3O4) was prepared and its activities under UV and visible light were reported. The catalysts with Ce/MTiO2 shell and Fe3O4 core were pre-pared by coating photoactive Ce/MTiO2 onto a magnetic Fe3O4 core through the hydrolysis of tetrabutyltitanate (Ti(OBu)4, TBT) with pre-cursors of ammonium ceric nitrate and TBT in the presence of Fe3O4 particles. The MTiO2 shell was for photocatalysis, the Fe3O4 core was for separation by the magnetic field and the doped Ce was used to enhance the photocatalytic activity of MTiO2. The morphological, struc-tural and optical properties of the prepared samples were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The effect of cerrium-doped content on the photocatalytic activity was studied and the result revealed that 0.5 mol.% Ce/MTiO2/Fe3O4 exhibited highest photoactivity. The photocatalytic activities of obtained photocatalysts under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methylene blue (MB, 50 mg/L) in an aqueous solution. The results showed that the prepared photocatalyst was activated by visible light and used as effective catalyst in photooxi-dation reactions. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of the prepared photocatalyst was also confirmed. Moreover, Ce/MTiO2 was tightly bound to Fe3O4 and could be easily recovered from the medium by an external magnetic filed. So, the photocatalyst can be reused without any mass loss. It can therefore be potentially applied for the treatment of water contaminated by organic pollutants.     

Gd3+掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶浸渍法制备了纯的和Gd3+掺杂的纳米TiO2,并利用XRD、UV-Vis漫反射光谱对样品进行了表征。考察了Gd3+掺杂对TiO2催化活性的影响。结果发现Gd3+的掺入阻止了TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,抑制了晶粒的生长。与纯TiO2相比,Gd3+掺杂的TiO2在紫外区的光吸收能力增强,TiO2催化剂光催化分解水制氢活性提高了56%。