空心玻璃微珠填充MC尼龙复合材料的研究

对空心玻璃微珠填充铸型(MC)尼龙进行了系列研究,考察了空心玻璃微珠含量、粒径及表面处理对MC尼龙性能的影响。结果表明,空心玻璃微珠改性MC尼龙复合材料的物理性能和力学性能优良,当加入10％表面处理的空心玻璃微珠时,制品的收缩率下降,热变形温度提高20℃以上,制品具有填料分布均匀、外观光泽优良等优点。与未处理的空心玻璃微珠相比,填充经表面处理空心玻璃微珠的复合材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度、断裂伸长率分别提高了15．7％、12．2％和246％。空心玻璃微珠的粒径愈小,复合材料的力学性能愈好。一定用量的玻璃微珠填充MC尼龙不仅可以使材料保持较好的力学性能和耐热性能,而且能够降低MC尼龙复合材料的成本。     

空心微珠在玻纤改性尼龙(PA6)中的应用研究

通过共混改性的方法，利用空心微珠球型的特性，将其填充于玻纤改性的尼龙树脂中；研究了空心微珠对玻纤改性尼龙力学性能的影响。结果表明，在玻纤改性尼龙中加入空心微珠，材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、硬度及耐热性能都得到提高；当微珠质量分数达到18％时，材料冲击强度达最大值。     

环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠复合浮力材料制备及性能

采用硅烷偶联剂KH–550改性空心玻璃微珠(S38HS),并通过旋转脱泡–浇注–模压成型法制备了环氧树脂/空心玻璃微珠复合浮力材料。研究了空心玻璃微珠表面处理、体积分数对复合浮力材料压缩强度和密度的影响。结果表明,表面处理有利于改善环氧树脂和空心玻璃微珠之间的界面,从而提高复合浮力材料的压缩强度。添加高体积分数的空心玻璃微珠有利于降低复合浮力材料的密度,而材料的压缩强度随着空心玻璃微珠体积分数的增加而降低,应该综合考虑空心玻璃微微珠的含量,以获取所需的密度和压缩强度。当空心玻璃微珠体积分数为60%时,复合浮力材料的压缩强度和密度分别为61.41 MPa和0.66 g/cm³。     

空心玻璃微珠/环氧复合材料的制备及性能研究

制备了空心玻璃微珠/环氧复合材料。通过力学性能、固化收缩率、热性能等测试考察了空心玻璃微珠粒径、填充量、硅烷偶联剂处理对树脂及固化物性能的影响。结果表明,硅烷偶联剂改善了空心玻璃微珠与树脂基体的相容性。复合材料的力学性能随着空心微珠粒径减小而增大。随着空心微珠填充量的加大,固化物拉伸强度有所降低,冲击强度和弯曲强度在空心玻璃微珠质量分数为2%时达到最大值,比纯树脂分别提高了30%和34.2%,同时材料的固化收缩率和密度降低,玻璃化转变温度升高。     

空心玻璃微珠/玻纤增强尼龙6的性能研究

以尼龙6为基体,玻纤和空心玻璃微珠为填料,通过双螺杆共混挤出,制备增强尼龙6。填充比例不变,采取微珠部分或全部替代玻纤,玻纤侧喂,微珠主喂或者侧喂,同时考察了采用偶联剂预处理微珠的效果。通过电镜观察和统计,发现微珠采用侧喂能减少空心结构被破坏,与密度结果一致;力学测试表明,材料力学性能随着微珠比例的提高而降低,预处理对机械性能的提高没有作用;翘曲测试表明,微珠的比例提高,制件的翘曲变形越小。     

空心微珠在尼龙改性中的应用研究

利用空心微珠球型的特性,填充改性玻纤增强尼龙6。研究结果表明,空心微珠可提高材料流动性、热变形温度及改善制品外观、降低收缩率和提高制品的物理性能。     

深海浮力材料的研制

以环氧树脂为基体,选用低分子聚酰胺树脂为固化剂,液体聚硫橡胶为增韧剂,并填充经表面活化处理的空心玻璃微珠,制得高强度、低密度、低吸水率的深海浮力材料。结果表明,随着空心玻璃微珠用量的增加,深海浮力材料的密度、压缩强度和冲击强度均逐渐降低,而吸水率上升。当固化剂TY–203的质量分数为环氧树脂的1/2、增韧剂液体聚硫橡胶的质量分数为10%、改性空心玻璃微珠的质量分数为35%时,制得深海浮力材料的综合性能较好,密度为0.633 g/cm3、压缩强度为45.21 MPa、冲击强度为36.39 J/m、吸水率为0.67%。     

低密度BMC复合材料性能的研究

研究了四种不同种类的空心玻璃微珠的加入对团状模塑料(BMC)密度及性能的影响,观察空心玻璃微珠在BMC中的分散及破损情况以及空心玻璃微珠S38含量的变化对BMC密度及性能的影响。结果表明,随着微珠含量的增加密度及拉伸强度逐渐下降;微珠含量为5%时弯曲及冲击强度达到最大值。研究微珠的表面处理对BMC性能的影响,结果表明,微珠的表面处理能有效提高BMC的力学性能。     

高强度浮力材料的研制

以高强度液态不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)为基体,经表面活化处理的空心玻璃微珠为填充剂,经混合、浇注、固化,制得高强度深海浮力材料。介绍了降低浮力材料密度的途径,研究了浮力材料密度与抗静水外压、浮力材料密度与空心微珠填充量的关系以及浮力材料结构对性能的影响。结果表明:空心微珠的填充量越高,浮力材料的密度越低,同时也会降低浮力材料的抗静水外压强度;采用同种空心微珠制备的浮力材料,其密度越高,抗静水外压强度越好;通过对空心微珠的表面活化处理,可以提高浮力材料的抗静水外压强度。     

空心玻璃微珠填充PP复合材料的结构与性能研究

采用偶联剂KH－550处理空心玻璃微珠，在宽广的用量范围内考察了玻璃微珠含量对PP复合材料拉伸强度、冲击强度、流变性能的影响；研究了复合材料的耐热性能和相态结构，对材料冲击断裂面进行了扫描电镜分析。研究结果表明：与未活化的玻璃微珠相比，填充活化玻璃微珠的复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度明显提高；一定用量的玻璃微珠填充PP不仅可以使材料的力学性能和耐热性能保持较好，而且能够降低PP复合材料的成本。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。