晃动液体单摆模型动力学参数的频域辨识

本文研究晃动液体动力学参数的频域辨识法,详细推导了晃动液体的等效单摆模型,研制了贮箱模型、悬挂装置和高灵敏度测力计。通过测量贮箱位移和激振力,求得其位移对激振力的频率特性数据。首先用误差校正法辨识传递函数系数,然后用数学规划法确定模型的动力学参数。同时,通过测量晃动液体的扰动力矩,直接推算单摆模型的悬挂点位置。辨识出的单摆模型动力学参数值与按位势理论计算的数值接近。研究结果表明本文采用的频域辨识法有效。     

Water‐Dispersible,pH‐Stable and Highly‐Luminescent Organic Dye Nanoparticles with Amplified Emissions for In Vitro and In Vivo Bioimaging

A new strategy is presented for using doped small‐molecule organic nanoparticles (NPs) to achieve high‐performance fluorescent probes with strong brightness, large Stokes shifts and tunable emissions for in vitro and in vivo imaging. The host organic NPs are used not only as carriers to encapsulate different doped dyes, but also as fluorescence resonance energy transfer donors to couple with the doped dyes (as acceptors) to achieve multicolor luminescence with amplified emissions (AE). The resulting optimum green emitting NPs show high brightness with quantum yield (QY) of up to 45% and AE of 12 times; and the red emitting NPs show QY of 14% and AE of 10 times. These highly‐luminescent doped NPs can be further surface modified with poly(maleic anhydride‐alt‐1‐octadecene)‐polyethylene glycol (C18PMH‐PEG), endowing them with excellent water dispersibility and robust stability in various bio‐environments covering wide pH values from 2 to 10. In this study, cytotoxicity studies and folic acid targeted cellular imaging of these multicolor probes are carried out to demonstrate their potential for in vitro imaging. On this basis, applications of the NP probes in in vivo and ex vivo imaging are also investigated. Intense fluorescent signals of the doped NPs are distinctly, selectively and spatially resolved in tumor sites with high sensitivity, due to the preferential accumulation of the NPs in tumor sites through the passive enhanced permeability and retention effect. The results clearly indicate that these doped NPs are promising fluorescent probes for biomedical applications.     

小波域高斯混合模型方差估计近红外降噪方法

针对抑制近红外光谱噪声与保留光谱信号细节的矛盾,提出一种基于噪声方差估计的小波域降噪方法.该法对光谱信号小波域高频系数建立了两状态高斯混合模型,用EM算法估计模型系数,推证模型对噪声方差准确估计特性,将估计得到的噪声方差建立了阈值降噪模型.实验建立黄酒近红外光谱快速预测酒精度偏最小二乘模型,对比分析Penalty阈值、...     

A Weighted Spatially Constrained Finite Mixture Model for Image Segmentation

Spatially Constrained Mixture Model (SCMM) is an image segmentation model that works over the framework of maximum a-posteriori and Markov Random Field (MAP-MRF). It developed its own maximization step to be used within this framework. This research has proposed an improvement in the SCMM’s maximization step for segmenting simulated brain Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs). The improved model is named as the Weighted Spatially Constrained Finite Mixture Model (WSCFMM). To compare the performance of SCMM and WSCFMM, simulated T1-Weighted normal MRIs were segmented. A region of interest (ROI) was extracted from segmented images. The similarity level between the extracted ROI and the ground truth (GT) was found by using the Jaccard and Dice similarity measuring method. According to the Jaccard similarity measuring method, WSCFMM showed an overall improvement of 4.72%, whereas the Dice similarity measuring method provided an overall improvement of 2.65% against the SCMM. Besides, WSCFMM significantly stabilized and reduced the execution time by showing an improvement of 83.71%. The study concludes that WSCFMM is a stable model and performs better as compared to the SCMM in noisy and noise-free environments.     

核壳型量子点-纳米金颗粒组装体高效检测神经性毒剂模拟剂

实验设计制备了一种由12层硫化锌包覆硒化镉的核壳型量子点(CdSe/12ZnS QDs)和纳米金颗粒(Au NPs)自组装形成的CdSe/12ZnS QDs/Au NPs复合结构, 并将其应用于神经性毒剂模拟剂氰基磷酸二乙酯(Diethyl Cyanophosphonate, DCNP)的高效检测。QDs由于与Au NPs存在荧光共振能量转移作用(Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, FRET)而发生荧光猝灭, 乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)水解氯化硫代乙酰胆碱(ATC)生成的硫胆碱能够将量子点取代而使量子点荧光恢复。当QDs与Au NPs的摩尔浓度比为20 : 1时, QDs荧光猝灭效果最佳, AChE浓度为1.0×10 ^-3 U/L时, QDs荧光恢复效果最好。DCNP的存在会抑制AChE的活性, 减少硫胆碱的生成并降低QDs的荧光恢复效率, 通过对QDs荧光恢复效率测定能够检测DCNP。在最优条件下对DCNP的检测结果表明, 量子点的荧光恢复效率与DCNP浓度的对数在5.0×10 ^-9~5.0×10 ^-4mol/L的范围内存在良好的线性关系, 检出限达5.0×10 ^-9mol/L。     

导电高聚物在生物传感器中的应用

综述了导电高聚物用于生物传感器的研究进展。在简要介绍生物传感器原理、特点的基础上，概要回顾了生物传感器中运用导电高聚物如聚苯胺（PANI）、聚噻吩（PTH）和聚吡咯（PPy）进行电极化学修饰的基本方法，着重综述了近年来在荧光生物传感器中导电高分子如聚苯撑乙烯（PPV）、聚芴（PF）等水溶性衍生物应用的研究进展，分别对基于水溶性共轭高分子荧光淬灭及荧光共振能量转移（FRET）生物传感器等提高灵敏度和选择性的原理、特点和具体实例进行了介绍，并对导电高聚物生物传感器的研究做了展望。     

Grey GM(1,1) Model with Function-Transfer Method for Wear Trend Prediction and its Application

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1-3-2型压电陶瓷/聚合物复合材料的理论模型

根据Chan的1-3型复合材料理论模型和Newnham的复合材料串并联理论,提出了一种用于计算新型1-3-2型压电陶瓷/聚合物复合材料的介电常数和压电常数的理论模型.并制备了一批1-3-2型压电复合材料样品,把理论模型的计算值与实际测量的材料参数进行了比较,结果表明两者符合较好,误差小于10%.     

Encoded Multichromophore Response for Simultaneous Label‐Free Detection

The self‐assembly of molecularly precise nanostructures is widely expected to form the basis of future high‐speed integrated circuits, but the technologies suitable for such circuits are not well understood. In this work, DNA self‐assembly is used to create molecular logic circuits that can selectively identify specific biomolecules in solution by encoding the optical response of near‐field coupled arrangements of chromophores. The resulting circuits can detect label‐free, femtomole quantities of multiple proteins, DNA oligomers, and small fragments of RNA in solution via ensemble optical measurements. This method, which is capable of creating multiple logic‐gate–sensor pairs on a 2 × 80 × 80‐nm DNA grid, is a step toward more sophisticated nanoscale logic circuits capable of interfacing computers with biological processes.     

Electronic energy transfer between long-range resonance states of 3-mercaptopropionic acid capped CdTe quantum dots in aqueous media

We demonstrate electronic energy transfer between resonance states of 2 and 2.8?nm CdTe quantum dots in aqueous media using steady-state photoluminescence spectroscopy without using any external linker molecule. With increasing concentration of larger dots, there is subsequent quenching of luminescence in smaller dots accompanied by the enhancement of luminescence in larger dots. Our experimental evidence suggests that there is long-range resonance energy transfer among electronic excitations, specifically from the electronically confined states of the smaller dots to the higher excited states of the larger dots.     

冬季北方平房通风换气的数学模型

提出了一种解决冬季北方室内空气交换问题的优化数学模型,利用该模型对典型北方居室换气问题进行了实例计算。结果表明,该模型能取得通风换气最优解,为制定通风换气量的最小值提供依据,在保证室内空气质量的同时,尽量使流通的空气量最少,从而达到节约能源的目的。     

货物在公路运输中减振性能的综合评价模型

目的研究多精密仪器货物包装减振性能的评价模型。方法以多精密仪器货物减振系统为例,研究多精密仪器货物在公路运输时共振破损和冲击破损的破损机理,得出货物在共振破损下的减振效率和冲击破损下的冲击破损概率,然后结合各精密仪器的脆值,建立各精密仪器在货物系统中的权重,最后将共振破损和冲击破损概率分别与权重作向量点乘运算,得到共振破损和冲击破损下各仪器减振效果的综合评价结果。结果算例货物系统精密仪器1在4种激励综合作用下的减振效果最好(0.39),而在冲击破损中精密仪器1的效果最差(0.21)。结论精密仪器1的抗共振性能很好,但抗冲击性很差,需要对其减振系统的性能参数进行改进和优化。     

Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Resonance Energy Transfer for Construction of Near-Infrared Afterglow Imaging Agents

Afterglow imaging that detects photons after cessation of optical excitation avoids tissue autofluorescence and thus possesses higher sensitivity than traditional fluorescence imaging. Purely organic molecules with room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have emerged as a new library of benign afterglow agents. However, most RTP luminogens only emit visible light with shallow tissue penetration, constraining their in vivo applications. This study presents an organic RTP nanoprobe (mTPA-N) with emission in the NIR range for in vivo afterglow imaging. Such a probe is composed of RTP molecule (mTPA) as the phosphorescent generator and an NIR-fluorescent dye as the energy acceptor to enable room-temperature phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (RT-PRET), ultimately resulting in redshifted phosphorescent emission at 780 nm. Because of the elimination of background noise and redshifted afterglow luminescence in a biologically transparent window, mTPA-N permits imaging of lymph nodes in living mice with a high signal-to-noise ratio. This study thus opens up a universal approach to develop organic RTP luminogens into NIR afterglow imaging agents via construction of RT-PRET.