扩变约束阻尼复合结构设计与试验研究

在典型的约束阻尼结构中引入大厚度高剪切模量扩变层可提高减振效果,且一定范围内扩变层厚度越大,结构中的阻尼层振动过程中的剪切变形越大,减振效果越好。但厚度超过一定限度后,大厚度高剪切模量扩变层的引入又会影响约束阻尼结构整体弯曲变形,从而对减振产生不利影响。在本研究中,采用一种高剪切模量的硬质材料作为约束阻尼结构的扩变层,通过对扩变层开槽(镂空设计),可在较大厚度、较大剪切模量的设计下保证整体结构的弯曲变形,实现了较好的减振性能设计。设计了6种不同约束阻尼复合结构,以10 mm厚钢板为减振对象,采用模态应变能仿真计算法对敷设6种不同约束阻尼复合结构构件分别进行了模态和振动频响特性分析,并制备了相应的300 mm×300 mm规格小样,完成了减振试验验证。     

阻尼处理对水下弹性壳体振动声辐射影响分析

利用有限元软件ANSYS和边界元软件SYSNOISE对水下弹性壳体在不同阻尼处理下受激振动与声辐射特性作了数值计算分析研究,讨论了粘弹性阻尼厚度及敷设方式对水下弹性壳体振动声辐射特性的影响,研究表明：阻尼处理可以有效的降低结构的辐射声功率,阻尼层的厚度不是越厚越好,要结合激励力的频谱特性和壳体的振动特性来选择合适的厚度,敷设方式内粘自由阻尼层要比外粘减振效果好.     

《阻尼车轮减振效果分析》

对国内标准客车车轮外侧表面进行约束型阻尼处理,设计了6种阻尼车轮结构型式。在NSYS中建立标准车轮和阻尼车轮的实体模型,分别分析了阻尼层的厚度、约束层的材料和厚度对阻尼车轮减振效果的影响,用有限单元法计算了6种阻尼车轮的结构损耗因子。分析结果表明,阻尼层、约束层的厚度越厚,阻尼车轮的减振效果越好,敷设钢质约束层的阻尼车轮的减振效果要明显好于敷设铝质约束层的阻尼车轮;阻尼车轮的结构损耗因子较标准车轮有大幅度的提高,在1500Hz以上频段,各阻尼车轮的结构损耗因子绝大多数都在0.003以上。     

约束阻尼对二维声学黑洞薄板减振特性的影响

声学黑洞（Acoustic Black Holes,ABH）以结构厚度的幂律变化实现弹性波的汇聚,结合阻尼层能较好地抑制结构振动。为进一步实现结构的低频振动控制,将声学黑洞与约束阻尼复合,建立附加约束阻尼的二维声学黑洞薄板模型,采用数值方法计算加速度响应与结构损耗因子,研究二维声学黑洞板附加约束阻尼后的减振特性,并通过二维声学黑洞薄板振动试验开展验证,最后探究约束层材料、厚度及约束阻尼半径对声学黑洞板低频减振性能的影响规律。结果表明：相比于附加自由阻尼,约束阻尼使声学黑洞薄板在第一阶共振峰处的加速度导纳降低12.61 dB;当约束层厚度为截断厚度的2倍左右时,薄板整体可以达到较佳的减振效果。研究可为声学黑洞薄板结构的低频减振应用提供重要参考。     

含周期声学黑洞梁的板架结构振动特性

声学黑洞结构通过使结构厚度按幂率渐变,改变结构阻抗从而调控弯曲波在结构中的波长和波速,可实现能量在黑洞区域的聚集和耗散。目前关于声学黑洞结构的研究主要是针对嵌入式声学黑洞,基于周期声学黑洞结构在部分频带良好的减振特性,将带阻尼层的周期声学黑洞梁贴敷在薄板上,提升薄板的减振效果并起到加强板刚度的作用。采用有限元法研究带周期声学黑洞梁的板架结构的减振效果,并将其基于敷设阻尼层和黑洞梁材料进行对比分析。结果表明,含声学黑洞梁能明显削弱振动速度传递响应,较好抑制板的振动;敷设阻尼层能增强对板减振效果,且适当增加黑洞梁数量能提升结构抑振性能;钢质梁较铝质梁刚度更大,能进一步增加板架结构的抑制带宽和增强抑制效果。     

阻尼覆盖面积对船舶约束阻尼板振动特性影响分析

舰艇机械设备振动是舰艇主要振动噪声源之一,利用阻尼板敷设机械设备进行隔振是艇体内部减振降噪主要措施,在某型舰艇约束阻尼板胎架进行模态和阻尼特性进行计算和测试的基础上,研究阻尼板敷盖面积变化对胎架模型振动特性影响,得到不同阻尼板覆盖面积对其振动特性的影响规律.通过数值仿真和试验结果的对比,发现约束阻尼板胎架仿真模型振动特...     

局部约束阻尼柱壳振动分析及优化设计

针对圆柱壳振动特性,给出局部约束阻尼柱壳模型。基于弹性、粘弹性本构方程用能量法建立动力学方程,研究阻尼段结构参数变化对振动特性影响。建立以阻尼轴向与周向分段数、阻尼段轴向与周向间隙、阻尼层厚度为设计变量,前三阶模态最大损耗因子为目标函数,利用多目标遗传算法对两端简支柱壳进行优化分析。通过分析、比较优化前后结构模态固有频率变化、损耗因子变化及幅频响应表明,合理贴敷阻尼段能有效减少阻尼材料用量,且在不改变柱壳固有振动属性条件下能达到更好的减振效果。     

卫星飞轮安装支架的粘弹性阻尼减振设计

应用粘弹性约束阻尼减振技术对某卫星飞轮组件安装支架结构进行振动抑制处理。约束阻尼技术能在不对结构作大的修改的前提下,提高结构的阻尼能力。首先建立原型支架结构的有限元模型,计算了其动态特性。分析了支架结构关键模态的应变能分布规律,确定出约束阻尼处理的铺敷位置。采用参数优化方法,比较了不同约束层厚度、不同阻尼层厚度设计情况下的结构阻尼性能,在满足附加重量和工艺限制要求的前提下,确定出阻尼减振设计方案。最后,将阻尼前后支架结构的加速度频率响应结果进行了对比,验证了在飞轮安装支架上应用粘弹性阻尼减振的合理性和有效性。     

阻尼加强筋板架减振性能试验研究

基于试验模态分析,考察船用加强筋板架模型在不同敷设位置,全部进行约束阻尼等处理方式对系统动态特性的影响。试验结果表明:(1)板架表面进行约束阻尼处理后,在不同测点位置,结构表面振动均有不同程度的衰减;(2)阻尼减振作用与激励源传播距离有关,在激励点位置,阻尼减振效果不佳;(3)阻尼减振效果与激励方式、阻尼敷设位置均有一定关系,局部阻尼处理在特定情况下可达到与全部阻尼处理相当的减振效果。     

阻尼车轮减振参量的有限元仿真与优化设计

为有效抑制车轮振动噪声,弥补现场试验的不足,在对黏弹性阻尼材料阻尼机理研究的基础上,以S1002CN型面高速动车组车轮为分析对象,采用正交试验设计和ABAQUS有限元仿真计算相结合的方法,对阻尼车轮减振性能进行仿真优化设计,得出阻尼车轮3个主要参数对其踏面径向振动加速度影响的主次顺序和显著性,并能快速确定阻尼车轮结构参数的最优组合为:阻尼层厚度4 mm、约束层厚度1.5 mm、约束阻尼层敷设于车轮两侧。研究结果表明,黏弹性约束阻尼技术是抑制车轮高频振动的有效手段,对于黏弹性阻尼材料在低噪声车轮中的运用具有一定的理论和实际应用价值。     

Vibration and damping characteristics of beams with active constrained layer treatments under parametric variations

Hybrid damping designs with active piezoelectric materials and passive viscoelastic materials (VEMs) combine the advantages of both active and passive constrained layer damping (ACLD/PCLD) treatments.Researchers have established the standards for the extent and placement of the PCLD treatment for common structures. However for ACLD treatment, such detailed studies are not available. This study is aimed to examine, the effect of parametric variation of active constrained layer on the vibration control of the beams treated with optimally placed active or passive constrained layer damping patches. Finite element model is developed to model the open-loop and close-loop dynamics of active/passive constrained layer damping treated beam. The placement strategies of ACLD patches are devised using the modal strain energy (MSE) approach. Extensive experimentation studies are conducted by making twenty one separate samples of ACLD/PCLD treated beams with variations in viscoelastic material layer thickness, ACLD/PCLD patch coverage and location of the patch. Effects of key parameters, such as control gain, viscoelastic material thickness, coverage and location variation of ACLD patch on the system loss factor have been investigated. The careful analysis of results from partially covered ACLD treated beam suggests that the maximum damping of the first mode can be achieved by attaching the ACLD patch only up to 50% coverage. It also reveals that with proper choice of the control voltage and thickness, the effective loss factor can be almost doubled. The present study suggests the potential use of parametric studies that establish some guide lines for the extent and placement of the ACLD patches on the cantilevered beam.     

Experimental study on vibration and damping of curved panel treated with constrained viscoelastic layer

This paper presents experimental investigation on the damping effects of constrained layer damping treatment on a curved panel. Vibration attenuation of the curved panel is achieved by attaching constraining layer damping patches at the optimal locations. The placement strategies of constrained layer patches are devised using the modal strain energy (MSE) method. Locations for application of damping patches are those, where modal strain energy is maximum for the particular mode. The treatment is then applied to the elements that have highest MSE in order to target specific modes of vibrations. Extensive experiments are conducted by making number of separate samples of viscoelastic and constrained layer damping patches for each configuration to damp different modes simultaneously or independently. The experimental results demonstrate utility of the modal strain energy technique as an effective tool for selecting the locations of the constrained layer damping treatment to achieve desired damping characteristics over a broad frequency band.     

Hybrid damping of smart, functionally graded plates using piezoelectric, fiber-reinforced composites

This paper deals with the investigation of active, constrained layer damping (ACLD) of smart, functionally graded (FG) plates. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is considered to be made of a piezoelectric, fiber-reinforced composite (PFRC) material with enhanced effective piezoelectric coefficient that quantifies the in-plane actuating force due to the electric field applied across the thickness of the layer. The Young's modulus and the mass density of the FG plates are assumed to vary exponentially along the thickness of the plate, and the Poisson's ratio is assumed to be constant over the domain of the plate. A finite-element model has been developed to model the open-loop and closed-loop dynamics of the FG plates integrated with two patches of ACLD treatment. The frequency response of the plates revealed that the active patches of ACLD treatment significantly improve the damping characteristics of the FG plates over the passive damping. Emphasis has been placed on investigating the effect of variation of piezoelectric fiber angle in the constraining layer of the ACLD treatment on the attenuating capability of the patches. The analysis also revealed that the activated patches of the ACLD treatment are more effective in controlling the vibrations of FG plates when the patches are attached to the surface of the FG plates with minimum stiffness than when they are attached to the surface of the same with maximum stiffness.     

阻尼层厚度对结构阻尼性能的影响

通过分析比较，选用基于模态应变能理论的有限元分析方法。首先验证了方法的精确性，对于算例，前五阶结构固有频率平均误差为0.020，模态损耗因子平均误差为0.112。进而以阻尼层厚度为变量，对被动振动控制结构的两种典型形式——自由阻尼结构和约束阻尼结构，进行动态力学性能研究，研究结果表明：阻尼层厚度从0.2 mm增加到1.5 mm，两种阻尼结构的固有频率降低，损耗因子提高；相比之下，自由阻尼结构的减振性能更为依赖阻尼层厚度，即对于较小的阻尼层厚，约束阻尼结构的减振性能更为优异。     

玻璃钢约束阻尼复合结构的阻尼特性

以玻璃纤维增强树脂作为约束层主要材料、丁腈橡胶为阻尼层、钢板为基板制备约束阻尼复合结构, 运用动态黏弹谱仪和悬臂梁共振法, 研究温度、约束层刚度和阻尼层结构对约束阻尼复合结构减振效果的影响。结果表明:自由阻尼复合板的最大阻尼范围落在阻尼层的玻璃化转变区;玻璃钢约束层能将复合结构的阻尼拓展至阻尼层的高弹态区域, 增加阻尼层厚度可以提高约束复合板的阻尼性能;提高孔隙率同样有利于约束复合板阻尼性能提升;铝板约束层提升作用尤为显著, 然而在海洋环境、干湿交替等强腐蚀场合中, 铝板极易腐蚀而丧失约束功能, 因此在这类特殊场合下耐腐蚀的玻璃钢具有优势。      

Control of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of skew laminated composite plates using skew or rectangular 1–3 piezoelectric patches

This paper deals with the analysis of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) of geometrically nonlinear transient vibrations of skew laminated composite plates using skew or rectangular patches of the ACLD treatment. The constraining layer of the patch of the ACLD treatment is composed of the vertically/obliquely reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric composite material. The Golla–Hughes–McTavish method has been used to model the constrained viscoelastic layer of the ACLD treatment in the time domain. A coupled electromechanical nonlinear three dimensional finite element model of skew laminated thin composite plates integrated with the skew or rectangular patches of ACLD treatment has been derived. The performance of the patches is investigated for different configurations of their placements on the top surface of the skew substrate plates. The analysis reveals that the ACLD treatment significantly improves the active damping characteristics of the skew laminated composite plates over the passive damping for suppressing their geometrically nonlinear transient vibrations. It is found that even though the substrate laminated plates are skew, a rectangular patch of the ACLD treatment located at the centre of the top surface of the substrate should be used for optimum damping of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of skew laminated composite plates irrespective of their skew angles and boundary conditions. The effects of piezoelectric fiber orientation angle and the skew angles of the substrate plates on the control authority of the ACLD patches have been emphatically investigated.     

Active constrained layer damping of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of smart laminated composite sandwich plates using 1–3 piezoelectric composites

This paper deals with the analysis of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of sandwich plate with orthotropic laminated composite faces separated by a flexible core. The constraining layer of the ACLD treatment is composed of the vertically/obliquely reinforced 1?C3 piezoelectric composites. The Golla?CHughes?CMcTavish method has been implemented to model the constrained viscoelastic layer of the ACLD treatment in time domain. The first-order shear deformation theory and the Von Kármán type nonlinear strain displacement relations are used for analyzing this coupled electro-elastic problem. A three dimensional finite element model of smart laminated composite sandwich plate integrated with ACLD patches has been developed to investigate the performance of these patches for controlling the geometrically nonlinear vibrations of the plates. The numerical results indicate that the ACLD patches significantly improve the damping characteristics of the sandwich plates with laminated cross-ply and angle-ply facings for suppressing their geometrically nonlinear vibrations. Particular emphasis has been placed on investigating the effect of the variation of piezoelectric fiber orientation angle on the performance of the ACLD treatment.     

高速列车铝型材外地板减振降噪特性分析研究

基于统计能量分析方法并结合声振分析软件VA One,建立铝型材外地板的声学仿真预测模型,计算分析约束阻尼层厚度对型材的隔声量、声辐射系数的影响,以及结构平均隔声量和计权隔声量的变化趋势。计算结果表明：改变约束阻尼层的厚度,在低频区对结构减振降噪性能的影响较小;对高频区的影响较大,增加约束阻尼层的厚度对型材减振降噪的性能并不总是起着积极作用,当其厚度到达一定值时,反而会使型材向外辐射噪声的能力增强。平均隔声量和计权隔声量均随着约束阻尼层厚度的增加而增大,且计权隔声量大于平均隔声量。     

约束阻尼板结构设计及研究

以约束阻尼板在实际应用时重量和厚度限制为约束条件,依据约束阻尼结构设计理论进行结构设计并制备样品,对样品进行振动特性测试后识别其前5阶固有频率及模态阻尼比,并分析阻尼层材料参数、约束层材料参数及阻尼结构形式对约束阻尼结构阻尼性能的影响。