基于硬判决的BICM-ID系统的迭代载波相位同步算法

在基于迭代译码的比特交织编码调制(BICM-ID)系统中,提出了一种利用译码产生的硬判决信息作引导的迭代载波相位同步的算法.该算法等效于期望最大化(EM)算法,收敛于最大似然(ML)估计,利用Viterbi译码过程中产生的数据比特硬判决信息,通过迭代地在同步和解码之间交换信息来完成联合解码和载波相位同步,实现了联合解码同步.仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性.在相偏θ∈[-20°,20°]时,其误码率性能最佳;在迭代次数达到5次时,误码率性能基本接近理想同步性能,较传统的相位同步算法具有更优的性能.随着信噪比的增大,能更快地逼近理想同步性能.     

Trellis complexity and pseudoredundancy of relative two-weight codes

Relative two-weight codes have been studied due to their applications to wiretap channel and secret sharing. It has been shown that these codes form a large family, which includes dual Hamming codes and subcodes of punctured Reed-Muller codes as special instances. This work studies the properties of relative two-weight codes with regard to efficient decoding. More specifically, the trellis complexity, which determines the complexity of Viterbi algorithm based decoding and pseudoredundancy that measures the performance and complexity of linear programming decoding are studied for relative two-weight codes. Separating properties of these codes have been identified and proved first. Based on the results of separating properties, the trellis complexity of binary relative two-weight codes is fully determined. An upper bound on the pseudoredundancy of binary relative two-weight codes is derived.     

New concatenated coding and space?time modulation scheme for MIMO wireless communications

Zheng and Tse have demonstrated that there exists an optimal trade-off between diversity gain and multiplexing gain. To realise the predicted optimal trade-off, we propose a new multiple-input multiple-output transmission scheme for a concatenated coding and space-time (ST) modulation system aimed at applications that require flexible trade-off between performance and data rate. The proposed scheme is multi-layered with linear ST modulation to allow various multiplexing gain. Through a judicious design of the inner ST modulation, the optimisation of spatial multiplexing is made simple. Moreover, a joint iterative receiver based on MMSE criterion with a priori information is developed to reduce computational complexity. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the merits of the new design.     

适用于编码MIMO系统的软输出估计算法

提出了适用于检测与译码相级联的编码MIMO系统次最优接收机的软输出估计算法。它利用基于均值软输出估计算法的似然比输出，为译码器组提供软输入信息，使接收机运算量与发射天线的数目呈线性关系。瑞利平衰落环境的仿真结果表明，本文提出的算法与VVA相比，性能虽有一定的损失，但运算量大幅度减少；与采用最大似然检测(MIMO)的次最优接收机相比，其在运算量减少的同时还获得了一定的软输入增益。     

Dual antenna selection algorithms and feedback strategies with reduced complexity for multiple-input multiple-output systems

A simple antenna selection strategy for multiple-input multiple-output wireless systems with partial feedback is presented. In the proposed scheme, both transmit and receive antenna selection are done at the receiver, significantly reducing feedback information. In addition, this scheme uses row/column probability density function for antenna selection to reduce computational complexity without performance degradation. Unlike other schemes, two different antenna selection algorithms are used in high and low signal-to-noise ratio regimes, respectively, achieving additional performance gain in comparison to the single antenna selection algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme nearly approaches the optimal closedloop capacity (known as water-filling capacity) as random selection round for antenna selection increases.     

Performance of the complex sphere decoder in spatially correlated MIMO channels

The use of multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver is a promising technique for significantly increasing the capacity and spectral efficiency of wireless communication systems. In particular, spatial multiplexing techniques provide a means of increasing the data rate of the system without having to increase the transmitter power or the bandwidth. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the sphere decoder (SD) to detect spatially multiplexed signals. It provides optimal maximum likelihood (ML) performance with reduced complexity, compared to the maximum likelihood detector (MLD). An analysis of the performance of the SD in the presence of spatially correlated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels is presented. Analytical and simulation results show that, compared to suboptimal linear and nonlinear MIMO detectors, the SD suffers a complexity increase when correlation exists between the antennas at the transmitter or the receiver. In addition, a novel low-complexity channel ordering technique is introduced to reduce the complexity of the SD     

Investigation of anisotropic negative permeability medium cover for patch antenna

A more directional and higher gain patch antenna with an anisotropic negative permeability medium (NPM) cover is proposed. The patch antenna operates at the frequency where the permeability of split-ring resonator (SRR) is negative, and then the sideward radiation can be forbidden. It leads to a significant enhancement of designing the high gain antenna. We investigate numerically and experimentally the performance of the antenna when NPM composed of SRR is placed above the patch antenna. The measured result has a good agreement with the simulation. Compared with the conventional antenna, the result shows that the beam of antenna with the NPM cover becomes more convergent, half-power beamwidth is smaller by almost 30deg in the H-plane and 10deg in the E-plane and the gain is higher by 4.03 dB. Moreover, NPM cover can have applications in the other types of antenna such as monopoles, dipole antennas, leak-wave antennas and aperture antennas.     

Modified sum-product algorithms for decoding low-density parity-check codes

The authors deal with the sum-product algorithm (SPA) based on the hyperbolic tangent (tanh) rule when it is applied for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Motivated by the finding that, because of the large number of multiplications required by the algorithm, an overflow in the decoder may occur, two novel modifications of the tanh function (and its inverse) are proposed. By means of computer simulations, both methods are evaluated using random-based LDPC codes with binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signals transmitted over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. It is shown that the proposed modifications improve the bit error rate (BER) performance up to 1 dB with respect to the conventional SPA. These results have also shown that the error floor is removed at BER lower than 10^-6. Furthermore, two novel approximations are presented to reduce the computational complexity of the tanh function (and its inverse), based on either a piecewise linear function or a quantisation table. It is shown that the proposed approximations can slightly improve the BER performance (up to 0.13 dB) in the former case, whereas small BER performance degradation is observed (<0.25 dB) in the latter case. In both cases, however, the decoding complexity is reduced significantly     

一种新颖的水声相干通信接收算法

为了克服水声信道的多径衰落,消除码间干扰,获得可靠的数据传输,提出了一种新颖的水声相干通信接收算法。该新型算法有两个优点:一是将自适应判决反馈均衡器和迭代译码技术相结合,二是译码采用Turbo译码原理,整个译码系统可以看作是串联迭代译码器,只是其中的内部译码器被编码比特对数似然率(LLR)计算器所取代,有效地降低了运算复杂度。同时,自适应判决反馈均衡器采用了变步长因子算法,改善了均衡器的收敛速度。仿真实验验证了该组合接收算法的性能     

FBG编解码器在W-OCDMA系统中的应用

针对大容量二维组合码,提出一种可调光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)编解码器的设计方法,该设计方法利用了光纤布拉格光栅的反射和可调谐特性,所得编解码器结构简单、容易集成、变址容易。在 OOK调制输出速率为 1Gbit/s,输出功率为 1mW的 W-OCDMA 系统仿真实验中,该 FBG编解码器结构实现了正确的编解码,时间延迟 1ns,功率损耗约 1dB,并且具有良好的匹配滤波特性。该 FBG 编解码器将是适用于 W-OCDMA 系统较为理想的器件。     

差分协作系统中的软输入软输出多符号差分球形译码

在差分协作系统中,为了解决硬判决多符号差分检测(multi-symbol differential detection,MSDD)译码过程中,部分信息丢失导致性能损失以及该算法中最大似然检测计算复杂度高的问题,提出了一种软输入软输出的多符号差分球形译码(SISO-MSDSD)算法.该算法利用球形译码思想,在一定搜索范围内计算编码比特的对数似然比(LLR),去除先验信息可获得编码比特的外信息,经内部译码器判决得到源信息.仿真分析表明,比较硬判决MAP算法,SISO-MSDSD算法性能明显提高,且在信道频偏较大时,随着分组长度增加能有效提高检测性能.此外,在低SNR区域,SISO-MSDSD算法对复杂度的改善也十分明显.因此,SISO-MS-DSD可作为一种较好的软检测算法应用于差分协作系统中.     

The synthesis of magnetic recording trellis codes with good hamming distance properties

In this paper we present, by means of an example, a systematic procedure to synthesize combined modulation/error correcting trellis codes, suitable for Viterbi decoding. This synthesis is based on firstly selecting a suitable linear convolutional code, secondly by analysing the state system of this code to determine the important Hamming distance building properties, and finally by mapping a code with the desired restrictions on its sequences onto this state system. As an example we develop a R = 3/6 dc free (b,l,c) = (0,3,2) code withd_{min} = 4. This code improves on the best codes in [1]. Codes havingb geq 1, and which will thus be more suitable for magnetic recording, can also be synthesized following the proposed procedure.     

Transmit beamforming methods for improved received signal-to-noise ratio in equivalent isotropic radiated power-constrained systems

A novel methodology of transmit beamforming for systems subjected to equivalent isotropic radiated power restrictions is presented in this paper. Based on the properties of the radiation due to the optimal beamforming method compared with that due to the eigen-beamforming, beamforming vectors are designed by perturbing the scaled eigen-beamforming vector such that the peak-to-average power ratio of the spatial radiation is reduced. Two algorithms incorporating this general methodology are presented. With a computational complexity less than the optimal method, both are shown to outperform conventional suboptimal beamforming methods. For example, in an investigated system with four transmit and one receive antennas, performance is improved by more than 1 dB at a packet-error-rate of 10^-3.     

Enhanced antenna-pattern measurements for Satellite systems

This paper describes an enhanced measurement technique for earth-station antennas in a satellite communication system. A new data-acquisition algorithm improves the dynamic range of the measurements by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio in the test setup. The resolution limitation of conventional techniques is eliminated without any modifications to the ground station setup. The proposed approach improves the conventional measurement techniques by utilizing pulse modulation of the test-signal amplitude and its synchronous detection. The noise floor in the pattern is reduced by biasing out the average noise power calculated during the OFF cycle of the pulse. In addition, a randomly fluctuating local mean in the receiver output is reduced. Experimental results show improvements of as much as 25 dB in the noise variance and over 11 dB in the dynamic range of the antenna pattern.     

Wi-Fi/WiMAX双极化阵列天线研究

提出一种应用于Wi-Fi/WiMAX的宽带高增益双极化阵列天线.它由+45°和-45°正交极化的两个天线组成。当频率为2.38~2.72 GHz时,天线的回波损耗大于-10 dB;端口1与端口2之间隔离度大于20 dB;端口1在2.45 GHz时获得最大增益为17.14 dBi,端口2在2.483 GHz时获得最大增益为17.15 dBi.仿真和测试很好相吻合,该双极化天线能满足Wi-Fi/WiMAX通信网络要求.     

Iterative reduced-state decoding for coded partial-response channels

The conventional iterative decoding based on the Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) algorithm rises exponentially in terms of channel memory length. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity soft-input/soft-output (SISO) channel detector based on tentative hard estimates fed back from the outer decoder in the previous iteration. The computational complexity of the proposed detector is polynomial in terms of the channel memory length. To demonstrate the performance/complexity tradeoff of the proposed detector, we present simulation results for 9-tap, 11-tap, and 12-tap channels. We show that the proposed detector significantly reduces the computational complexity with only slight performance degradation compared to the full-complexity BCJR algorithm.     

Transmit sector selection with link correlation for SDM/OFDM

More spectrum-efficient techniques are required for wireless communications with a limited amount of bandwidth. Space division multiplexing (SDM) is one of the most promising techniques for achieving more efficient bandwidth utilisation, since it enables the transmission rate over multiple-input multiple-output chennels to be increased by using multiple antennas on both the transmitter and receiver sides. Recently, since the cost of RF transmitters is much higher than that of antennas, there is a growing interest in techniques that use a larger number of antennas than RF transmitters. These methods rely on selecting the optimal transmitter antennas and connecting them to the respective RF. In this case, feedback information (FBI) is required to select the optimal transmitter antenna elements. However, the transmission of FBI through a feedback channel is limited. Moreover, a multiple antenna system requires an antenna separation of five to ten wavelengths to keep the correlation coefficient below 0.7 to achieve diversity gain. In this case, the base station requires a large space to set up multiple antennas. To reduce these problems, a transmit sector antenna selection while considering the link correlation for SDM/OFDM without FBI is proposed and analysed.     

High-rate coding system for magnetic recording

A coding system for magnetic recording channels combining a high-rate error detection code with a list Viterbi algorithm (LVA) is proposed. This coding system can provide a coding gain of up to 2-3 dB for a modified extended extended partial response class IV (EEPR4) channel. A pipelined implementation of the LVA is presented, and an accurate estimation technique for the LVA performance is developed     

Design of X-band complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-based frequency-modulation continuous-wave sensor

This study presents an X-band complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-based frequency-modulation continuous-wave (FMCW) sensor system for transportation management. The proposed sensor system has two antennas, one to transmit signals and the other to receive them. The complete radio frequency (RF) transceiver is based on standard 0.18 μm one-poly six-metal (1P6M) CMOS technology with a chip area of 1.68 mm X 1.6 mm. Two planar leaky-mode antenna arrays with a gain of 18 dB are also designed. Experimental results indicate that the isolation between two antenna arrays that are 5.0 mm apart exceeds 42.0 dB at 10.5 GHz. The prototype of the FMCW sensor system is used in the range measurement of multiple lanes for the transportation management system (TMS). The major contribution of this study is that it integrates a 0.18 μm CMOS transceiver and antenna arrays into an FMCW RF front end, and employs an IF amplifier and a digital signal processor to demonstrate that the beat frequencies are linear. Measurements made in field tests agree closely with the simulation results.     

Performance of differential pulse-position modulation (DPPM) with concatenated coding over optical wireless communications [optical wireless communications]

The concatenation of marker and Reed-Solomon codes in order to correct insertion/ deletion errors in differential pulse-position modulation (DPPM) over optical wireless communications is presented. The concatenated code decoding algorithms with hard-decision and soft-decision detection are presented. The performance of the hard-decision coded DPPM system is evaluated over both nondispersive and dispersive channels via analysis and simulation. It is shown that the coding gain provided by the concatenated code is approximately 4 dB when the code rate is about 0.7 and the channel is nondispersive. Over a dispersive channel, the coded system performs better than the uncoded system when the ratio of delay spread to bit duration is not high. A soft-decision detector is employed to combat intersymbol interference. The soft- decision decoding algorithm, which has low complexity and can be practically implemented, is described. The performance over nondispersive and dispersive channels is evaluated by analysis and simulation. It is shown that the soft-decision system requires approximately 2 dB less transmit power than the hard-decision system for additive white Gaussian noise and low-dispersive channels. Soft decoding also provides a performance improvement in high-dispersive channels.