进气阻力和排气背压对增压中冷柴油机性能影响的试验研究

良好的进、排气系统是保证柴油机正常工作的前提。在进排气系统中,进气阻力和排气背压是分别用来衡量进排气系统优劣的2个重要指标,所以在柴油机进排气系统设计过程中必须控制合理的进气阻力和排气背压,否则会造成柴油机性能恶化。通过柴油机台架试验,分别改变进气阻力和排气压力来研究进气阻力和排气背压对增压中冷柴油机动力性和经济性的影响。试验结果为进气系统和排气系统的优化设计提供依据。     

6110A柴油机排气微粒过滤器通过特性的研究

本通过大量试验，对所设计的６１１０Ａ柴油机排气微粒过滤器的背压随转速，过滤体孔隙率过滤体长度的变化规律及排气背压对柴油机功率，油耗的影响了系统的研究，根据排气背压，过滤效率选择了适合６１１０Ａ柴油机的过滤体。     

排气背压对发动机性能影响的研究

研究了在WOT工况下不同的排气背压对GDI发动机泵气损失、扭矩以及油耗率的影响,理论分析了排气背压对泵气损失的影响,主要通过分析背压对残余废气系数以及充量系数的影响,来研究其对泵气损失的影响。利用boost软件建立一维仿真模型,并通过台架试验获得发动机性能曲线,验证模拟与试验的匹配性,结果表明仿真结果与台架试验基本相符:随着排气背压的增大,泵气损失与油耗率均增加;在1000~1500 r/min范围内,排气背压对扭矩基本无影响,在1500~5500 r/min,扭矩随着背压的减小而增大。     

某型柴油机换热器设计及仿真分析

设计独立的换热器,降低水下工作柴油机中高负荷工况的排气温度.运用SolidWorks建立换热器模型并进行仿真分析,研究圆柱形换热器4种换热管布置方式对换热器温降与压损的影响.分析结果表明:设计的换热器可将排气温度由550.00℃降低到161.94℃,废气在换热器中的压损为5.95 kPa,降温效果和压损均满足相关工程要...     

柴油机性能对排气背压的敏感性研究

通过发动机台架试验,研究了排气背压对柴油机性能的影响,绘制了参数敏感度曲线,得到了排气背压对柴油机性能参数影响的敏感度排序,并对各参数敏感度变化进行了比较分析。为汽车排气系统设计和参数选择提供了依据。     

特殊背压下高增压柴油机增压器匹配性能研究

基于GT-power搭建了某高增压柴油机一维仿真模型,并通过试验数据对模型进行标定。利用该模型计算分析了柴油机在不同排气背压下的性能,利用计算结果配合试验,分析了排气背压高且波动范围大工况下的压气机和涡轮的匹配。研究表明:背压升高会导致柴油机性能恶化,通过增压器的合理匹配可以实现高排气背压柴油机功率的恢复,稳态工况下可以恢复至59.8%,背压波动工况可以恢复至66%;高排气背压工况应提高压气机低压比区域的效率和流量,并适当控制高压比区域的压比;涡轮喷嘴环流通面积对性能影响较大,过大或过小均不利于功率恢复,通过选择合适的涡轮,可使功率恢复提升10.9%;柴油机性能参数随排气背压波动做规律波动,但存在一定的延迟,波动的幅值与该性能参数的迟滞时间负相关。     

排气背压对增压柴油机功率的影响分析及其改进方法

建立了某涡轮增压柴油机一维工作过程模型并经试验验证;用该模型研究了排气背压的升高对涡轮增压柴油机输出功率的影响,并通过增压系统的重新匹配和设计改造,探讨了两种改善发动机环境背压适应性的方案。     

某型增压柴油机排气系统的仿真研究

排气系统设计是否合理对柴油机的性能有着重要影响,为了探求某型增压柴油机采用不同排气系统的优越性,本文以内燃机性能仿真软件GT-Power为平台,建立了工作过程仿真模型,利用试验数据验证了模型的可靠性.柴油机采用脉冲增压系统,针对定压增压系统和MPC增压系统对原机的排气系统进行了重新设计,建立了定压增压系统和MPC增压系统的柴油机模型,并分别对其进行了稳态工作过程计算,着重分析研究了采用不同排气系统对该柴油机性能的影响,为该柴油机排气系统的改进提供了参考依据.     

波动高背压环境下的船用柴油机性能

针对波动高背压环境下的柴油机性能异化问题开展背压对柴油机性能影响规律研究,构建波动高背压环境的船用柴油机性能预测模型,并基于试验测量结果进行标定。基于该模型研究在不同背压环境下柴油机性能与关键参数的变化规律。结果表明：高背压显著影响柴油机输出功率,在背压为165 kPa时降幅高达69%,且排温快速达到限制值;在背压波动工况下,柴油机性能及运行参数呈现出围绕准稳态性能的迟滞环特征,该非定常迟滞效应在波动周期及背压时均值降低时均明显强化。柴油机配气系统内流体的气动惯性及涡前能量对背压的敏感度差异是造成在背压波动工况下柴油机性能迟滞效应的原因。     

柴油机实现高EGR率方法的计算分析

废气再循环是简单有效地减少NOx排放的方法。本文讨论了在柴油机中实现EGR的方法，并以一台4缸柴油机为例计算了不同工况条件下高、低压EGR系统的柴油机性能参数变化情况。结果表明：低压EGR系统在NOx排放上优于高压EGR系统；在高压EGR系统中，背压阀的位置对柴油机性能有一定影响；带有稳压箱的低压EGR系统在相同EGR率下油耗增加和功率损失最小。     

基于Simulink在不同排气背压下VGT增压系统控制策略

为了改善柴油机在高背压环境条件下进排气流速降低、涡前排温、缸内最高燃烧压力和油耗升高等问题,采用Simulink软件,基于柴油机数学模型建立某型号柴油机零维仿真模型和可变截面涡轮(variable geometry turbine,VGT)增压系统仿真模型,并根据试验结果对模型进行校核.利用所建立的仿真模型模拟在不同排...     

非道路涡轮增压柴油机高原适应性研究

为改善非道路柴油机高海拔条件下功率下降、经济性及排放性能恶化、高速增压器超速等问题,利用柴油机高原环境模拟台架试验结合一维仿真研究了0～4 000m海拔环境下增压器运行特性、柴油机综合性能参数等随海拔高度的变化规律及影响机理。针对柴油机的变海拔性能恢复目标,通过对增压系统进行参数计算和选配,提出一种带有废气旁通阀的两级涡轮增压匹配方案。研究结果表明:变海拔条件下,非道路柴油机各性能参数呈现非线性变化,在转速800～2 800r/min全负荷工况下,柴油机动力性、经济性变化梯度呈现出先减小后增大的"浴盆形"趋势。在0～2 000m海拔环境下,柴油机转矩降幅达4.3%,有效燃油消耗率降幅达6%。随着海拔升高,中冷前温度与涡前温度逐渐升高,增压压力与涡前压力逐渐降低,CO、全碳氢和NO_x排放升高。匹配两级增压系统后,对比原机4 000m海拔运行工况,柴油机功率平均升高14.9%,有效燃油消耗率平均降低11.8%,实现了非道路柴油机的高海拔性能恢复目标。     

Dual-fuelling of an industrial indirect injection diesel engine by diesel and liquid petroleum gas

For partial substitution of conventional diesel fuel with liquified-petroleum gas (LPG) fuel, in an indirect-injection, (IDI) diesel engine, the so-called ‘mixed diesel gas’ approach has been applied. For this purpose, a carburetted LPG fuel system has been designed and fitted on the inlet manifold of the engine. Extensive performance tests have been carried out at full load conditions of both the pure diesel and diesel-LPG engines. The results show that, at the rated speed, and at equal power of both engines, increasing the LPG proportion in the dual fuel decreases specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature and black smoke but increase pollutants such as UHC and CO, cylinder peak pressure and the rate of pressure rise.     

水下柴油机工作特性研究

建立了包括调速器、柴油机本体、后排气管路的水下柴油机动力系统的动态及稳态过程分析模型,并进行了试验验证。通过后排气管路的三维流动计算、整机性能计算和相关试验研究,确定了柴油机水下运行不倒灌水的判据,并给出了单机和双机运行的安全范围。研究了启动及停机过程中,后排气管压力、排气排水流速及发动机转速的变化规律。在启动过程中,排气速度不是单调上升,而是有振荡现象,在振荡过程中,有可能发生海水倒灌;在停机过程中,应根据后排气管压力变化控制排气外舌阀的关闭过程,以防止海水倒灌及排气背压过高。     

云内4100柴油机增压中冷机型的试验研究

对4100QBZL所配用的中冷器的阻力特性和冷却性能，以及发动机的动力性，经济性排放性能进行了试验研究。试验结果表明，中冷器的阻力较小，冷却能力很强。增压中冷后发动机的动力性有较大提高，排气温度下降，增压中冷发动机的排放性能较好。     

一种柴油机排气微粒喷油助燃再生装置设计与试验研究

设计了一种柴油机排气加热装置.该装置的创新点在于从柴油机涡轮增压器取出新鲜二次空气供给燃烧器燃烧,加热排气.以BJ493ZQ3增压发动机为试验用发动机,将该装置加装在柴油机排气管尾端,应用于微粒捕集器喷油助燃再生中,对该装置应用的可行性进行了论证,对其加热能力进行了试验研究.试验表明,该排气加热装置能在发动机较大工况范围内快速加热排气到500℃以上,有效燃烧微粒使捕集器可靠再生,同时易于车载,较好解决了微粒捕集器热再生存在的问题.     

小型直喷式柴油机缩口型燃烧室的设计与研究

在4100型直喷式柴油机上，为改进的进气系统和供油系统匹配设计了几种不同形状的缩口型燃烧室，研究了燃烧室形状对柴油机性能的影响。试验结果表明，体积较大的球形底台的缩口燃烧室能促使油-气混合，改善燃烧过程，有利于实现柴油机的动力性、经济性和排放指标的良好折中。     

Effective efficiency and power density analysis for WiDE as a fuel in diesel engine performance

A comparative theoretical performance analysis for diesel, 5% water in diesel emulsion (WiDE), and 10% WiDE as fuels in a single‐cylinder diesel engine is presented here. Variations in engine performance parameters such as effective power density (EPD), effective power (EP), and effective efficiency (EE), along with compression ratio and equivalence ratio, have been analyzed on the basis of isobaric heat addition and isochoric heat rejection assumptions. Also, friction loss, exhaust loss, and total loss occurring in engines with the above‐mentioned fuels have been discussed. Theoretical analysis revealed that in a diesel engine with compression ratio 18, the EP and power density increased by 28.6% and 30.45%, respectively, for diesel fuel compared with 10% WiDE fuel. The optimum cycle temperature ratio, EP, and power density were obtained with an equivalence ratio of 1.2 and the optimum EE with an equivalence ratio of 0.89 for diesel, 5% WiDE, and 10% WiDE fuels. However, the maximum exhaust loss and the minimum incomplete combustion losses were obtained with an equivalence ratio of 1.2 and 0.8, respectively. At an equivalence ratio of 1.2, diesel fuel had a higher exhaust loss of 9.25% and 27.21% and heat loss of 5.39% and 11.8%, respectively, compared with 5% WiDE and 10% WiDE fuels. Thus, the fuel consumption rate with diesel as fuel was higher, followed by 5% WiDE and 10% WiDE fuels for diesel engine performance.     

Simulation analysis of cooling methods of an on‐board organic Rankine cycle exhaust heat recovery system

Energy saving and emission reduction of engines were taken seriously, especially for vehicular diesel engines. Exhaust heat recovery based on organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system has been considered as an effective approach for improving engine fuel economy. This article presents the investigation of water or air cooling method for an ORC exhaust heat recovery system on a heavy‐duty truck through simulations. The models of the truck engine and the ORC system were developed in GT suite, and the integration system model was developed in the Simulink environment. The validity of the models was verified experimentally. The performance of the vehicular engine with ORC system using water or air cooling method was comparatively analyzed. The simulation results indicated that the water cooling method is more suitable for the vehicular ORC system than air cooling method. The relation between benefit and penalty of the ORC system and cooling system was discussed. The operating condition of the cooling system was confirmed having significant effects on the combined system performance, especially the fan speed. The performance improvement of the engine with the use of ORC system was further evaluated under different engine operating conditions and ambient temperatures. Lower ambient temperature had positive effects on the engine fuel economy. The mass flow rate of exhaust gas for heat recovery should be regulated for better performance under high ambient temperature.