迈向循环利用型社会

人造草地和人工渔礁,电池外壳及桥墩,地毯底衬和建筑用包,排水过滤器,河堤,地砖,垫圈,港口和码头,绝缘和工业涂料,牲畜棚地垫和垃圾填埋工程,田径球类运动场地和家具,屋顶材料和路面,鞋底和坚实的车轮,隔音屏障和防振垫。如此多样化的应用和产品之间有什么共同之处？一句话,它们都是用废旧轮胎再生材料为原材料生产出来的。     

浅谈高职院校有机化学的教学方法

针对有机化学和高职学生的特点,结合自己的教学经验和体会,提出了提高学生学习有机化学的兴趣和教学质量的方法,应该在明确教育目标和课程特点的基础上,重视鼓励和激励学生,重视引导式教学,重视教育手段的差异化和多样性,重视实训教学和学生的反馈意见。     

粒度对煤粒燃烧和热解影响的理论分析

在化学热力学和动力学理论中引入表面项,并由此来分析和讨论粒度对煤颗粒燃烧和热解反应的影响规律.研究结果表明,煤颗粒的粒度对其燃烧和热解反应的热力学性质和动力学参数有明显的影响,粒度越小,影响越大;减小煤颗粒的粒径,化学反应的吉布斯函数差减小,煤颗粒燃烧和热解的趋势增大,使着火温度和热解温度降低,自燃容易发生;并且减小煤颗粒的粒径,其摩尔表面能增大,导致其燃烧和热解的表观活化能降低和速率常数增大,使煤颗粒的燃烧和热解速率加快,使转化率、燃尽度和热解度增加.     

HFE7100和HFE7500的热物理性质

为了获得氢氟醚HFE7100、HFE7500的热物理性质参数,补充现有数据不足,为其作为电子元器件的冷却介质、工业清洗剂等工程应用提供技术支持,利用瞬态热线法测量了常压下HFE7100和HFE7500的热导率,并用表面光散射法测量了HFE7100和HFE7500的液相黏度和表面张力。HFE7100和HFE7500的热导率和液相黏度均关联成温度的多项式函数,HFE7100热导率和黏度的实验值和关联式的平均绝对偏差分别为0.37%和1.19%,HFE7500热导率和黏度的实验值和关联式的平均绝对偏差分别0.08%和1.10%。利用改进的van der Waals关联表面张力和温度的关系,HFE7100和HFE7500的表面张力的实验值和关联式的平均绝对偏差分别为0.03 mN·m^-1和0.02 mN·m^-1。获得的HFE7100和HFE7500的热导率、黏度和表面张力实验数据及方程,可为其工程应用提出数据支持。     

碳酸钙和淀粉对聚乙烯薄膜降解性能影响研究

目的:研究淀粉和CaCO3对塑料薄膜的降解影响。方法:将CaCO3填充膜和淀粉填充膜经自然曝露、紫外线照射和土埋处理,测试拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和分子量的变化。结果:自然曝露30d,CaCO3填充膜和淀粉填充薄膜的平均拉伸强度分别下降80.8%和54.4%,平均断裂伸长率分别下降99.4%和98.3%,分子量分别下降25.3%和13.8%;紫外光照120h,CaCO3填充薄膜和淀粉填充薄膜的平均拉伸强度分别下降14.7%和45.9%,断裂伸长率分别下降97.3%和97.0%,分子量分别下降66.7%和48.3%;土埋203d,CaCO3填充薄膜和淀粉填充薄膜的失重率分别为2.2%和15.0%。结论:CaCO3和淀粉均能加速聚乙烯塑料薄膜的降解,其中CaCO3的光降解性能方面优于淀粉,而淀粉的生物降解性能优于CaCO3。     

“十二五”中国石油和化工装备产业将迎来难得的机遇和新的挑战

石油和化工装备产业是石油和化学工业的重要基础产业,石油和化工装备的技术水平与制造能力决定着石油和化学工业的发展进程。改革开放以来,我国石油和化工装备产业发展十分迅速,特别是在"十一五"时期取得了长足进步。2010年,我国石油和化学工业规模以上企业实现总产值8.88万亿元,五年增加1.6倍,为"十二五"加快转变经济发展方式奠定了坚实的基础。其中,石油和化工装备业为我国石油和化学工业保持健康快速发展做出了重要贡献。     

宜兴紫砂的佛教文化意蕴

宜兴紫砂积淀着丰富和厚重的中华古老文明,成为世界上独一无二的陶瓷艺术品而载入史册。她以博大的胸怀,兼纳众多的民族文化元素,鲜明地烙上它们的印记,传递着它们的信息,塑造不朽的形象和永恒的生命。例如,佛教文化与紫砂文化的交融、渗透和契合,表达出一种高妙的境界和艺术感染力。数百年来,通过壶艺造型和紫砂雕塑,承载佛教精神和理念,成为一种时尚和主流,也是紫砂艺术风格趋向多元化、多样性的一种探索和反映。下面就两个方面阐述宜兴紫砂的佛教文化意蕴。     

关于发挥党员主体作用的载体研究

党的十八大指出,以增强党性、提高素质为重点,加强和改进党员队伍教育管理。党员是党的肌体的细胞和党的行为主体,有针对性地设计党内活动载体,既是党组织紧密联系党员、凝聚党员,使党员更有效地参加组织生活的桥梁和纽带,也是发挥党组织政治核心作用和战斗堡垒作用,促进企业发展的渠道。因此,只有充分发挥党员主体作用的,调动党员参与组织活动的积极性和创造性,为党员发挥主体作用搭建平台,才能增强党员队伍的凝聚力和战斗力。     

不锈钢槽体表面钝化工艺的优化

以50%(体积分数)的硝酸溶液对304和316化学镀镍用不锈钢槽体进行钝化处理,采用单因素试验和正交试验方法考察了钼酸铵及氧化钇的添加量、钝化时间和钝化温度对304和316不锈钢槽体表面钝化膜孔隙率的影响,确定了优化的钝化工艺条件如下:钼酸铵和氧化钇的添加量分别为硝酸质量的4.0%和0.4%,304和316不锈钢的钝化温度分别为40°C和35°C,钝化时间5 h。通过扫描电镜观察了钝化前后不锈钢的表面形貌,测定了钝化膜的组成。结果表明,钼酸铵和氧化钇的加入使钝化膜的孔隙率显著降低,提高了钝化膜的耐蚀性。优化工艺制备的钝化膜主要由Cr、Fe、Ni和Mo的氧化物组成,膜层平整致密。     

中国建材行业2011～2015增长将超过1O％

工业网和信息技术网发布的“十二五”计划（2011～2015）信息显示,在接下来的五年内,水泥和平板玻璃的需求量分别将增长3．3％和2．6％,达到22亿t和0．375亿t。同时,建筑陶瓷和卫生陶瓷将分别增长4％和3.3％,并在2015年达到95亿m^3和2亿件的数量。     

Fluorescent N2,N3-epsilon-adenine nucleoside and nucleotide probes: synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and biochemical evaluation

N1,N(6)-ethenoadenine, epsilon-A, nucleos(t)ides have been previously applied as fluorescent probes in numerous biochemical systems. However, these epsilon-A analogues lack the H-bonding capability of adenine. To improve the fluorescence characteristics while preserving the H-bonding pattern required for molecular recognition, we designed a novel probe: N(2),N3-etheno-adenosine, (N(2),N3-epsilon-A). Here, we describe four novel syntheses of the target epsilon-nucleoside and related analogues. These methods are short, facile, and provide the product regiospecifically. In addition, we report the absorption and emission spectra of N(2),N3-epsilon-A and the dependence of the spectral features on the pH and polarity of the medium. Specifically, maximum emission of N(2),N3-epsilon-A in water is observed at 420 nm (phi=0.03, excitation at 290 nm). The biochemical relevance of the new probe was evaluated with respect to the P2Y(1) receptor and NTPDases 1 and 2. N(2),N3-epsilon-ATP was found to be almost equipotent with ATP at the P2Y(1) receptor and was hydrolyzed by NTPDases 1 and 2 at about 80 % of the rate of ATP. Furthermore, protein binding does not seem to shift the fluorescence of N(2),N3-epsilon-ATP. Based on the fluorescence and full recognition by ATP-binding proteins, we propose N(2),N3-epsilon-ATP and related nucleo(s)tides as unique probes for the investigation of adenine nucleo(s)tide-binding proteins as well as for other biochemical applications.     

Si－C－O－N系统相稳定性和相稳定性图

对Ｓｉ－Ｃ－Ｏ－Ｎ系统进行了平衡状态下的相稳定性计算，绘制了在１４７３Ｋ和１５７３Ｋ下的Ｓｉ３Ｎ４、ＳｉＣ、Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ和ＳｉＯ２相稳定性与Ｎ２分压和Ｏ２分压的关系图以及Ｎ２分压和ＳｉＯ分区的关系图，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ／ＳｉＣ、ＳｉＯ２／Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ／ＳｉＣ两个三固相平衡点与Ｎ２分压、Ｏ２分压和ＳｉＯ分压以及温度的函数关系日。并以此确定Ｃ纤维－ＳｉＣ纤维转变和Ｃ纤维上涂层ＳｉＣ过程中，为获得稳定ＳｉＣ相的气体分压。     

N，N’-二四唑胺和邻菲啰啉与碱土金属钙、锶混配配合物的合成与表征

以N,N’－二四唑胺（C2H3N9）和邻菲哕啉（C12H8N2）为配体合成碱土金属Ca,Sr的含能配合物,并对配合物进行了基础的物化表征。化学分析和元素分析确定配合物的组成为Ca（C2HN9）（C12H8N2）：（H2O）。（1）和Sr（C2HN9）（C12H8N2）2（H2O）2（2）。溶解性实验表明,常温下配合物难溶于水加热时溶解,且不溶于甲醇、乙腈等有机溶剂。红外光谱分析表明,配体邻菲啰啉以双齿螯合形式与中心离子配位,配体N,N’－二四唑胺中N原子参与了配位。TG—DTG热分析显示配合物在氮气气氛、研究温度范围内有三个热分解过程,最终分解产物可能分别为以CaO与SrO为主的混合物。     

Plastic-film mulch and fertilization rate affect the fate of urea-<Superscript>15</Superscript>N in maize production

We investigated the effects of interaction between plastic-film mulch and nitrogen (N) fertilization rate on the fate of fertilizer N in a ridge–furrow maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system. Three N levels (0, 138 and 207 kg ha^?1, abbreviated as N0, N1 and N2) were combined with plastic-film-mulching and no-mulching, successively in 2015 and 2016, at a cold semiarid site. Within each treated plot, a micro-plot was established to trace the fate of urea-N (only ¹⁵N-labeled in 2015). Averaging 2 years, increasing fertilization from N1 to N2 increased maize grain yield and total N uptake only in mulched soils. Mulch increased both maize grain yield and total N uptake more at N2 than at N1. In 2015, mulch increased the in-season fertilizer N uptake in maize by 53% at N1 but by 75% at N2; increasing N application from N1 to N2 enhanced the fertilizer N acquisition by 26% in non-mulched but by 45% in mulched plots. In 2016, similar effects of interaction existed between mulch and fertilization rate on the residual fertilizer N uptake by maize. Mulch enhanced fertilizer N availability in the topsoil relative to no mulch, responsible for the increased maize fertilizer N uptake in mulched treatments. Decreased in-season fertilizer N loss and transformation of urea N to the organic N in mulched soils were contributors to the increased fertilizer N availability, compared to non-mulched soils. We concluded that the effects of fertilization on maize total N uptake and fertilizer N recovery benefited from plastic-film mulch.     

高压氮管线脆裂事故原因分析及防范措施

分析高压氮管线脆裂事故原因,提出相应防范措施,以提高操作人员对低温氮气和液氮进入氮气管网严重性的认识。     

Biodiesel synthesis via metal oxides and metal chlorides catalysis from marine alga Melanothamnus afaqhusainii

This research article demonstrates the most comprehensive comparative catalytic study of different metal oxides and metal chlorides towards the methanolysis of triglycerides of marine red macroalga Melanothamnus afaqhusainii.CaO was found to be the most reactive metal oxide that yielded 80% biodiesel while ZnCl_2 was the most reactive metal chloride that produced 60% biodiesel by mechanical stirring for 6 h at 100–110 °C.The overall reactivity order of the catalysts was found to be CaOMgOPbO_2ZnCl_2TiCl_4PbOHgCl_2ZnOAlCl_3SnCl_2TiO_2whereas,CaCl_2,MgCl_2,Al_2O_3,HgO,PbCl_2,MnO_2,MnCl_2,Fe_2O_3 and FeCl_3 were found to be non-reactive for transesterification of triglycerides.In addition,a detailed study of the screening of mobile phases and spraying reagents was conducted which showed that petroleum ether :chloroform :toluene(7:2:1)is the best mobile phase,whereas iodine crystals/silica gel is the best visualizing agent for the thin layer chromatography(TLC)examination of biodiesel.Biodiesel production was confirmed by comparative TLC examination.It was further supported by the determination of fuel properties of biodiesel,which were found to be similar to the standard limits of American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM).     

Direct enumeration of wurtzite BC2N configurations for structural stability and hardness evaluation

An algorithm to systematically search nonequivalent unit cells for hcp lattice has been developed and wurtzite BC₂N (WZ-BC₂N) alloy configurations with nonequivalent unit cells containing up to 12 atoms are examined. By using bond-counting rule, low-energy WZ-BC₂N structures are selected to carry out first-principles calculations. It is proved that the lowest-energy WZ-BC₂N structures are all (001) superlattice. The Vickers hardness of these structures is calculated and found to be higher than that of cubic BN, indicating that WZ-BC₂N serves as a good candidate of superhard materials. By comparing WZ-BC₂N with zincblende BC₂N (ZB-BC₂N), the zincblende structure is found to be energetically more stable than the wurtzite structure for BC₂N, consistent with the phase stability for bulk diamond and BN. Since the formation energy for WZ-BC₂N (001) superlattice gets smaller as the periodicity increases, experimental effort can be made in synthesizing WZ-BC₂N superlattice with a relatively long periodicity if the phase transition from WZ-BC₂N to ZB-BC₂N can be effectively inhibited.     

流化床燃烧石油焦N_2O排放特性

通过在一小型流化床试验台上进行石油焦的燃烧试验 ,阐述了N2 O和NO形成与分解机理 ,模拟研究了N2 O的排放特性 .采用不同程度脱去挥发分的石油焦颗粒 ,研究脱挥发分的程度对N2 O形成的影响 ,脱挥发分的温度越高 ,即脱挥发分的程度越高 ,石油焦氮形成N2 O的量越少 ,这表明石油焦挥发分氮形成N2 O量高于相应石油焦焦炭氮燃烧产生的N2 O量 .燃料燃烧过程中 ,NO形成比较均匀 ,而N2 O形成比较复杂 ,燃料氮向NO的转化率随脱挥发分温度升高而增加 ,而向N2 O的转化率则有一临界脱挥发分温度点 .     

正丁基脒合成工艺的改进

以N、N，N-二丁基戊酰胺和三氟甲磺酸酐为原料，合成正丁基脒。以物料比、反应温度、反应时间为考察因素，采用正交化实验方法筛选最优工艺条件。结果表明，当N、N，N-二丁基戊酰胺与Tf20的投料比为1：2，反应温度0℃，反应时间2h时，产品收率达45％。采用。HNMR和IR对产品结构进行了表征。     

生物脱氮中N2O产生过程的微生物作用

N2O是一种重要的温室气体.微生物的生物硝化反硝化过程是N2O产生的主要来源.从微生物学的角度阐述了脱氮过程中N2O的产生过程,并分析了不同脱氮过程中各菌种对N2O产生过程的作用.硝化过程中N2O主要产生于氨氧化细菌的氨氧化过程,亚硝酸盐氧化细菌的存在可以减少N2O的产量;反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐的积累,低氧和碳源不足都会导致N2O产生量的增加;另外,其他一些参与氮循环的微生物也会产生N2O.文章最后给出了污水脱氮过程中N2O减量化的策略以及今后研究的方向.