聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料中三聚体含量测定的研究

利用2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚作三聚催化剂对纯MD I进行三聚合成,得到一系列不同三聚体浓度的标准样品。利用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定标准样品的异氰脲酸酯三聚体含量,结合衰减全反射傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR-ATR)谱图中三聚体吸收峰的强度得到外标工作曲线,由此建立了FTIR-ATR技术测定聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫中异氰脲酸酯三聚体含量的方法。结果表明,通过此方法,可以测定聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫样品中的三聚体含量。     

聚酯多元醇在聚氨酯改性聚异氰脲酸酯方面的应用综述

一、前言聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫具有较好的耐温性及耐火焰贯穿性,燃烧时发烟量低,但纯聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的交联密度高,泡沫很脆,没有实用价值。为了克服其缺点,人们进行了大量的改性研究,使聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫成为有实用价值的制品。主要的改性方法之一是     

新型聚酯多元醇改性聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的研制

以聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚合MDI、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂、催化剂等为原料制备聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫，研究了聚酯多元醇、泡沫稳定剂、发泡剂种类对聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫性能的影响。结果表明，采用高对位芳香环含量的泰络优聚酯多元醇(Terol 250M)制备的改性聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫阻燃性高，可达到国标GB 8624—2018规定的B1级阻燃；选用组合发泡剂HCFC-141b/HFC-245fa及优选的有机硅泡沫稳定剂，泡沫的导热系数低至0.019 W/(m·K)。     

难燃级硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的研制

采用自行研制的聚酯多元醇、阻燃聚醚多元醇与添加型阻燃剂等助剂配制的组合聚醚,和多异氰酸酯进行反应,制得低发烟量、低脆性的难燃型聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。讨论了聚酯多元醇、阻燃聚醚多元醇、添加型阻燃剂、泡沫稳定剂、异氰酸酯指数及催化剂等对泡沫性能的影响。试验表明,泡沫成型密度为52 kg/m3,氧指数为32,导热系数为0.024 W/(m·K),烟密度(SDR)为45％,压缩强度为0.300 MPa。     

耐150℃高温PU-PIR泡沫塑料的研制

采用自制的改性剂，制备了一种可长期在150℃下使用的氨基甲酸酯改性聚异氰脲酸酯(PU-PIR)泡沫塑料。重点研究了改性剂用量、泡沫密度、异氰酸酯指数及催化剂等几个因素与泡沫塑料耐热性能(包括尺寸稳定性和热失重率)的关系。实验表明，这种PU-PIR泡沫塑料可长期耐150℃高温，泡沫脆性低，达到了工业应用的要求。     

新型聚异氰脲酸硬质泡沫材料的制备及性能研究

聚异氰脲酸硬质泡沫材料是由PM-200（异氰酸酯和二苯甲烷二异氰酸盐的混合物）、异氰脲酸苯酐聚醚酯多元醇（IPPEP）或聚环氧丙烷多元醇在异氰酸酯指数为200的情况下制备的。考察了IPPEP对泡沫材料的热稳定性和阻燃性能的影响,并讨论了n（PO）∶n（PA）对IPPEP基泡沫材料力学性能的影响。结果表明：IPPEP的使用使聚氨酯泡沫材料的玻璃化转变温度提高了45℃,热分解温度由510℃提高到540℃,氧指数提高到23.3%。随着n（PO）∶n（PA）的降低,泡沫材料的拉伸强度和压缩强度呈现先增加后降低的趋势。     

环氧丙烷改性聚异氰酸酯泡沫塑料

以环氧丙烷改性异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、催化剂、泡沫稳定剂及发泡剂等为原料,制备得到环氧丙烷改性聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料。红外光谱检测表明,环氧丙烷改性聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料有异氰脲酸酯环生成;尺寸稳定性测试结果表明：环氧丙烷改性聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料的耐温性有明显提高。     

聚氨酯,环氧树脂改性的聚异氰脲酸酯耐温硬质泡沫塑料研究

介绍以聚醚多元醇、聚亚甲基聚苯基异氰酸酯(PAPI)、环氧树脂为主要原料,在催化剂作用下合成聚氨酯、环氧树脂改性聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料。研究了聚醚多元醇和环氧树脂类型以及催化剂品种对合成反应和泡沫性能的影响。由实验结果可知,选用季戊四醇聚醚多元醇、双酚A型环氧树脂以及MC催化剂,采用一步法工艺可制得工艺性好、制品脆性小、热稳定性良好的改性聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料。其脆性(以重量损失计)为25%,在170℃下的热稳定性好。28天时V%为0.2。     

建筑彩钢复合板用聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的研制

以聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚异氰酸酯PAPI、泡沫稳定剂、复合催化剂、发泡剂HCFC-141b、复合阻燃剂等为原料,制备了用于建筑彩钢复合板的组合聚醚及改性聚异氰脲酸酯(PIR)泡沫。该组合聚醚具有较好的流动性及贮存稳定性;泡沫制品压缩强度高,导热系数低,阻燃性能好,尺寸稳定性佳,与钢板的粘接强度大,完全满足连续法彩钢复合板对短脱模时间、高泡沫强度、高阻燃性等方面的要求,产品性能与国外同类产品相当。同时讨论了多元醇、催化剂、阻燃剂等因素对泡沫性能的影响。     

阻燃剂三(二苯基磷酸)异氰脲酸酯的合成及其在聚氨酯中的应用

以三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯和氯代磷酸二苯酯为原料,以4-二甲氨基吡啶为催化剂,以三乙胺为缚酸剂,合成了新型磷-氮阻燃剂三(二苯基磷酸)异氰脲酸酯(P-THEIC),产物经红外谱图、核磁氢谱和热重分析等手段进行了表征。考察了溶剂类型、原料配比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对反应收率的影响。结果表明,在最佳的反应条件下,反应收率高达94%。将P-THEIC应用在聚氨酯泡沫塑料中,相比于其他阻燃剂(聚磷酸铵和双酚A双磷酸二苯酯),P-THEIC阻燃聚氨酯泡沫表现出了良好的阻燃性能和压缩性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。