考虑脱粘的复合材料加筋板屈曲后屈曲及承载能力数值分析

建立了复合材料层合加筋壁板的屈曲后屈曲有限元分析模型。该模型采用界面单元以有效模拟筋条和壁板之间的连接界面, 连接界面和复合材料层板分别采用Quads和Hashin失效准则作为失效判据, 引入材料刚度退化模型, 采用非线性有限元方法, 研究了复合材料加筋壁板在压缩载荷下的前后屈曲平衡路径及破坏过程。数值分析结果与实验结果吻合良好, 证明了该方法的合理有效性。详细探讨了筋条尺寸及界面单元强度等参数对加筋壁板屈曲后屈曲行为及承载能力的影响规律, 研究表明增加筋条截面惯性矩及筋条密度在一定程度上能有效提高加筋板的屈曲载荷与极限强度, 筋条密度增加到一定程度会引起结构破坏形式由失稳破坏?湮顾跗苹? 界面强度与铺层方式对极限强度有重要影响, 界面脱粘是引起加筋板最终破坏的重要因素。      

压缩载荷下复合材料整体加筋板渐进损伤非线性数值分析

建立了考虑脱粘的复合材料整体加筋板渐进损伤有限元分析模型。该模型采用界面单元模拟筋条与壁板之间的连接界面, 连接界面和复合材料层板分别采用Quads准则和Hashin准则作为失效判据, 基于ABAQUS软件, 建立了含连续损伤状态变量的材料刚度退化方案。基于该模型, 采用非线性有限元方法研究了压缩载荷下复合材料整体加筋壁板在考虑初始几何缺陷时的破坏过程, 分析了结构相应失效模式的细观损伤机制; 详细讨论了轴向刚度比对结构承载能力及破坏模式的影响。结果表明: 考虑脱粘损伤的有限元模型能有效模拟加筋板的破坏过程; 在加筋板铺层设计合理的情况下, 增加筋条与壁板刚度比能有效提高加筋板截面单位面积的承载能力。      

带口盖加筋复合材料壁板剪切性能

采用试验和有限元方法研究了带口盖加筋复合材料壁板的剪切性能。在带口盖加筋复合材料壁板有限元模型的基础上, 去掉口盖, 对不带口盖的大开口加筋复合材料壁板进行了有限元模拟分析, 以此研究口盖对带口盖加筋复合材料壁板的影响。试验和数值计算结果表明: 当达到屈曲载荷时, 带口盖加筋复合材料壁板各个区域同步发生屈曲, 最终破坏位置位于加强筋条以外的复合材料壁板区域; 去掉口盖后, 结构的刚度以及承载能力降低, 结构的应力集中点以及损伤起始位置均发生变化, 破坏时失稳形式无明显变化, 均为局部失稳。      

考虑屈曲的复合材料加筋壁板铺层顺序优化

提出了一种考虑屈曲的复合材料加筋壁板铺层顺序优化方法。基于复合材料加筋壁板屈曲载荷求解的能量法,系统推导了轴压载荷作用下复合材料加筋壁板蒙皮、筋条局部屈曲载荷的显示表达式,考虑了加筋壁板各板元之间的弹性支持作用及筋条下缘条的影响,引入工程法求解了加筋壁板整体屈曲载荷。基于国产自主结构分析软件HAJIF中的复合材料铺层工程数据库,以铺层参数为中间变量,利用本文提出的复合材料加筋壁板屈曲载荷求解方法,构建了考虑屈曲的复合材料加筋壁板铺层顺序优化设计流程并完成程序实现,将最小二乘法用于最优铺层顺序与工程铺层数据库的匹配。相比于传统有限元计算方法,本文提出的复合材料加筋壁板屈曲载荷求解方法具备较好的求解精度及求解效率。复合材料加筋壁板优化算例表明,采用本文提出的加筋壁板屈曲载荷分析及其优化方法,在结构重量不变的前提下,屈曲载荷提高约17%,且铺层顺序优化结果可直接从铺层工程数据库中提取并用于工程实际。      

网格密度对加筋曲板稳定性有限元计算的影响

网格密度会直接影响加筋曲板稳定性有限元计算结果的准确性。该文以四边加桁条的铝合金曲板为例,改变网格密度和单元类型,应用有限元软件计算其稳定性。通过数值模拟可知,1个屈曲半波内需要6个四节点线性单元或2个八节点二次单元才能使计算结果达到相同的精度。当创建金属板加筋结构的有限元模型时,网格类型尽量选择二次单元。将有限元计算结果与理论解析值进行对比,从而验证了网格收敛性分析的必要性。     

基于等效模型的帽型复合材料加筋壁板优化设计

本工作提出了一种优化复合材料帽型加筋壁板稳定性的有效方法,该方法是基于在PATRAN软件中用单层板来模拟层合板的力学性能的想法。其中用层合板建的加筋板模型称为详细模型,改用单层板建的称为等效模型。对于航空结构中常见的帽型加筋壁板,本工作采用反映实际壁板形状的高精度有限元模型,分别建立了详细模型和等效模型。比较得出两种模型的一阶线性失稳因子和失稳应变基本一致,从而验证了将等效模型用于帽型加筋壁板结构稳定性分析的可行性。为了便于验证该优化方法的有效性,本工作只考虑加筋板的筋条厚度一致的情况。传统方法在优化蒙皮和筋条厚度时需要优化层合板的每个单层的铺层厚度和铺层顺序,本文提出的优化方法只需要解决单层板的厚度优化问题,相比本方法大大减少了设计变量。本工作用此方法优化得到了两个参数不同的复合材料帽型加筋板的最优屈曲性能,发现只需要2～4次迭代优化就可以收敛,收敛速度很快。     

复合材料翼面壁板轴压稳定性

基于T型长桁铺层数不同的两块复合材料翼面加筋壁板试件SC-1和SC-2,开展轴压稳定性试验研究,并提出一种预测屈曲载荷及最小后屈曲承载能力的工程分析方法,结合有限元特征值屈曲分析方法、有限元弧长法对试件的屈曲载荷、屈曲模态及后屈曲承载能力进行分析。试验结果表明,铺层数较多的试件SC-1的蒙皮局部屈曲应变较高,壁板也具有更高的屈曲载荷。在后屈曲阶段,SC-2加载到试验屈曲载荷的2.4倍未发生材料破坏和长桁蒙皮间脱粘损伤。工程分析方法和特征值屈曲分析能够准确预测壁板的屈曲载荷,最大误差分别为-9.3%和-2.8%,工程分析得到SC-2的最小后屈曲承载能力为试验屈曲载荷的2.09倍。有限元弧长法分析得到两件试件的屈曲载荷误差均小于1%,并具有壁板轴压屈曲模态预测和变形跟踪能力。      

复合材料翼面壁板剪切稳定性

基于长桁铺层数不同的两块复合材料翼面T型加筋壁板试件SS-1和SS-2开展剪切稳定性试验。试件SS-1和SS-2的L型层合板铺层分别为11层和14层,腹板铺层分别为22层和28层,缘条铺层分别为15层和18层。采用提出的工程方法进行壁板的剪切屈曲应变分析,方法中考虑了长桁尺寸和铺层数的影响,并应用有限元弧长法进行试件屈曲载荷、后屈曲承载能力及剪切屈曲模态分析。试验结果表明,屈曲发生之前试件蒙皮处于均匀纯剪切应变状态,后屈曲阶段试件发生了长桁-蒙皮脱粘破坏失效,长桁铺层数较多的试件SS-2具有更高的屈曲载荷和蒙皮局部屈曲应变。工程方法计算得到试件SS-1和SS-2的剪切屈曲应变相对于试验结果的误差分别为–14.9%和–9.2%。有限元弧长法分析得到试件SS-1的屈曲载荷和屈曲应变误差分别为1.9%和2.7%,且剪切屈曲模态与试验结果一致。弧长法对不同长桁铺层数的研究结果表明,长桁铺层较少时,壁板发生整体失稳的材料破坏,而长桁铺层数较多时,更容易发生长桁与蒙皮的脱粘失效。      

含脱粘损伤的复合材料加筋板压缩破坏渐进损伤数值分析

本文提出了基于连续损伤力学的复合材料层合加筋壁板渐进损伤分析模型。该模型采用界面单元模拟筋条和壁板之间的连接界面,连接界面和复合材料层板分别采用Quads准则和Hashin准则作为失效判据,基于内嵌连续损伤状态变量的材料刚度退化方案,采用非线性有限元方法,研究了复合材料加筋壁板在压缩载荷下的破坏过程,分析了结构相应失效模式的细观失效机理。数值分析结果与实验数据吻合较好,证明该方法的合理性和有效性,并详细探讨了界面单元关键参数和层板铺设角度对加筋壁板结构力学响应的影响规律,得到了一些富有价值的结论。     

基于层合参数的工字型加筋壁板稳定性设计

根据复合材料工字型加筋壁板的工艺铺设特点,建立了一种特殊的有限元模型,将工字型筋条按照凸缘顶板、[形腹板、凸缘底板、以及蒙皮四个层合板进行建模。针对工字型加筋壁板的铺层特征,本研究采用二级优化策略对工字型加筋壁板进行以静强度、刚度和稳定性为约束条件的轻量化设计,与一级优化(铺层厚度和弯曲刚度系数的调整)相比,二级优化采用改进的自适应遗传算法优化层合板的铺层顺序,优化设计结果可以直接用于工程应用,有限元模型和优化方法对复合材料工字型加筋壁板的设计具有指导意义。     

基于三维几何模型的船舶扶强材自动理想化系统开发研究

目的 开发一套基于三维几何模型的船舶扶强材自动理想化系统。方法 针对船舶模型中扶强材截面形状、尺寸多变,分布密度大,进行结构规范计算时计算量大、计算条件复杂、人工计算难以涵盖全面的问题,考虑扶强材的截面变化、依附结构与相交关系,将船舶模型中的扶强材离散重组简化为单元梁,并以单元梁为基本单位进行船体梁结构相关强度校核参数的快速自动计算。结论 通过扶强材自动理想化系统,实现了对船舶扶强材间距等13项规范校核参数的快速自动计算,提高了船舶规范校核精度,缩短了船舶规范建模周期。     

Vibration of symmetrically laminated rectangular composite plates reinforced by intermediate stiffeners

An investigation of the free vibrations of symmetrically laminated rectangular plates with stiffeners based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method is presented. The assumed shape functions used in the formulation are the characteristic beam functions. It is assumed that the stiffeners and the plate are in contact at all times. The effects of the locations and orientations of the stiffeners and their relative bending and torsional stiffness to the plate on the natural frequencies and modes are examined. The effects of material properties and stacking sequence of the laminated plate are also studied.     

矩形钢管混凝土柱-H形钢梁外顶板式节点抗震性能试验研究

针对钢结构住宅建筑中柱子宽度日趋减小的趋势,提出了柱内无隔板的矩形钢管混凝土柱-H形钢梁外顶板式节点。对7个新型节点试件进行拟静力试验,变化参数有钢梁截面、顶板厚度和顶板长边高度。试验主要研究了节点的破坏模式、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、承载力、刚度退化、强度退化、延性和耗能能力等抗震性能。试验结果表明:外顶板式节点共有梁翼缘受拉破坏、梁翼缘与顶板连接焊缝破坏、顶板与柱连接处的柱壁破坏三种破坏模式。节点延性系数为2.17～3.67,等效粘滞阻尼系数在0.2～0.3之间,极限位移角平均值为1/49,节点抗震性能满足"强节点弱构件"要求。增大外顶板的厚度或长边高度可提高节点承载力,钢梁翼缘、翼缘和顶板连接焊缝或柱壁的过早开裂会降低节点延性和耗能能力。最后提出在验算柱壁和连接焊缝极限承载力时,节点连接系数应取1.4;另外可采取梁端翼缘加强或削弱措施,以保证外顶板式节点具有足够的塑性变形能力。     

钢管混凝土梁柱加强环螺栓节点受力性能优化研究

为研究具有不同构造形式的加强环螺栓连接节点的力学性能,基于圆钢管混凝土柱-钢梁外加强环螺栓连接节点单调加载试验结果,采用合适的混凝土与钢材本构模型,通过ABAQUS建立该类节点的三维精细化有限元分析模型;对比分析试验和模型的受力特征和破坏形式,验证了数值模型的可靠性;与加强环焊接刚接节点对比,通过对不同构造措施下的加强环螺栓连接节点进行数值模拟,分析结果表明：加强环上采用4排螺栓并加设腹板加劲肋和环板加劲肋的加强环螺栓连接节点可达到全焊加强环刚接节点的初始刚度和抗弯承载力。     

混合有限元法分析带纵肋钢箱构件的受力

根据平截面假定推导了杆系单元和板壳单元在交界面上的约束方程,形成了混合有限元方法。利用该方法可以十分方便将整体杆系结构计算的内力作为外荷载施加到单个构件上,并对构件进行局部的受力分析。以带纵肋箱形构件为例,用混合有限元方法对该类构件进行了局部应力分析和局部板件稳定分析,总结了在混合有限元模型中板壳部分所需的长度及其合理的设置位置。     

考虑主材节点刚域影响的钢管输电塔变截面梁单元有限元模型

为了准确、快捷地计算加劲板和连接板形成的主材节点刚域对输电塔受力的影响,将考虑节点刚域影响的主材视为若干段段不同截面梁单元的组合。首先,推导了主材两端节点刚域横截面转动惯量和面积的公式;然后,根据能量原理,推导了变截面梁单元的单元刚度矩阵,并采用C++语言将它引入开源有限元软件OpenSees;最后,将主材及节点刚域采用变截面梁单元,常截面梁单元,变弹性模量梁单元及壳单元离散的有限元模型计算结果和塔架试验的实测结果进行对比。结果表明:常截面梁单元会低估主材的弯矩和最大正应力,而变弹性模量梁单元会低估输电塔的挠度,均会使设计偏于不安全;变截面梁单元和壳单元的计算结果均实测结果很接近,但前者计算量远小于后者。可见:变截面梁单元有限元模型兼顾了计算效率和精度。     

Comparisons of buckling-to-weight behavior of cylindrical shells with composite and metallic stiffeners

The present research deals with the study of buckling pressure-to-weight ratio of cylindrical shells with laminated ring stiffeners. The research introduces a strain energy formulation for laminated rings, in which each ring stiffener may be treated individually and the geometrical dimensions and material properties of the stiffeners may be different from one another. In a parametric study, the impacts of various geometrical parameters of rings on the buckling pressure-to-weight ratio of shells for composite and metallic stiffeners are compared. The results show that the buckling-to-weight behavior of the shells with Steel stiffeners generally differs from the shells with stiffeners made of Aluminum, E-glass/epoxy, Graphite/epoxy, or Kevlar49/epoxy.     

Stiffened plate bending analysis in terms of refined triangular laminated plate element

Based on the higher-order global–local theories, a finite element model is proposed to study the bending behavior of stiffened laminated plates. The proposed model treats the embedded stiffeners as the part of laminated plate, so that the compatibility of displacements and stresses between the plate and the stiffeners can be automatically satisfied. Distributions of the displacements and stresses through the thickness of laminates were also given for the first time, which can serve as references for future investigations as such information is lacking in the published literature. In addition, the impact of the stiffeners on the bending response of the stiffened laminated plates is also studied in terms of the quantity, the collocation and the geometry of stiffeners. Numerical results showed that the higher-order global–local theories are more suitable for predicting the bending response of thick and moderately thick stiffened laminated plates compared to the first order theory commonly used in engineering. By varying the quantity, the collocation and the geometry of stiffeners, the stiffness and the strength of stiffened laminated plates can be remarkably improved.     

Failure Behavior and Strength of Composite I-Section Beam with Double Cutouts and Stiffener Reinforcement

This work is carried out to study the influence of double cutouts and stiffener reinforcements on the performance of I-section Carbon Fibre/Epoxy composites beam, including buckling, post-buckling behavior and the ultimate failure. The cantilever I-section beam with two diamond-shaped cutouts in the web and three longitudinal L-shaped stiffeners bonded to one side is subjected to a shear load at free end. Both numerical modelling and Experiment of I-section CFRP beam are performed. In numerical analysis, Tsai-Wu failure criterion is utilized to detect the first-ply-failure load in nonlinear analysis by predicting the load-deflection response. Good agreements are obtained from comparison between the numerical simulations and test results. For the double-hole beam web, the two cutouts show close surface deformation amplitude, which indicates that the stiffeners make the force transformation more effective. Comparing to the numerical result of corresponding beam with single cutout and stiffener reinforcement, the longitudinal stiffeners can not only play a significant role in improving the structural stability (increase about 30%), but also take effects to improve the deformation compatibility of structure. Local buckling happened within the sub-webs partioned by the stiffener and the buckling load is different but close. With post-buckling regime, the two areas show similar deformation characteristic, while the sub-web close to fixed end bears more shear load than the sub-web close to loading end with the increase of normal deformation of structure. The catastrophic failure load is approximate 75.6% higher comparing to buckling load. Results illustrate that the tensile fracture of the fiber is the immediate cause of the ultimate failure of the structure.     

Symmetric loading of a Griffith crack by transient concentrated forces in an orthotropic material

Body forces are used to model the effect of fasteners and stiffeners. This paper contains results of a study that was undertaken to examine the effect of symmetric impact loading by concentrated body forces on a Griffith crack located in an orthotropic material. The integral transform method along with certain potential functions was used to obtain expressions for the stress intensity factor (SIF). Four different loading cases were considered. Numerical calculations show the typical overshoot in the dynamic SIF reaching values as much as 22% of the corresponding static SIF. The magnitude of the overshoot is affected by the material properties as well as the relative position between the crack and the body forces. In fact as the distance between the application of the body force and the crack increases, the magnitude of the peak value decreases. In addition, as the relative distance increases, the time at which the peak value of the overshoot occurs increases. Furthermore, the time interval over which the overshoot is maintained increases as the relative position increases. The results of the study imply that for stiffened or fastened orthotropic materials, the location of the fasteners or stiffeners may significantly affect the stress intensity factors.