RTM用酚醛树脂热化学行为及其复合材料性能研究

研究了一种适用于RTM成型工艺用酚醛树脂的DSC、TG、Tg和粘温特性等热化学行为,在分析其工艺适应性的基础上制备了碳纤维针刺预制体RTM成型复合材料,对复合材料的力学性能、热物理性能及烧蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明,复合材料层间剪切强度为32.4MPa,200℃的比热容为1530J/(kg·K),25~200℃线膨胀系数为-0.234×10-6/℃,线烧蚀率为0.069mm/s,质量烧蚀率为0.0926g/s,表现出了作为热防护材料的良好特性。     

模压高碳酚醛树脂基烧蚀复合材料制备与成型

采用常规性能分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析、差示扫描量热分析、热重分析、凝胶渗透色谱分析等对模压高碳酚醛树脂进行表征,通过模压成型分别制备了碳纤维和高硅氧纤维增强模压高碳酚醛树脂复合材料,测试了不同成型压力下两种复合材料的力学性能和耐烧蚀性能,最后通过超声无损检测方法对复合材料密实度进行表征。结果表明,模压高碳酚醛树脂苯环上以邻位取代为主,其游离酚和游离醛含量较低,180℃的凝胶时间低于50 s,适用于较高温度下的快速模压成型工艺;该树脂分子量小,对纤维的浸润性好,适宜的固化温度为(190±5)℃,900℃的残炭率可达67.13%。随成型压力增加,碳纤维和高硅氧纤维增强复合材料的拉伸和弯曲性能均逐渐提高,但当成型压力大于45 MPa后,增加趋势变缓;当成型压力为45 MPa时,两种复合材料具有最好的耐烧蚀性能,其中碳纤维增强复合材料的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为0.006 8 mm/s和0.055 9 g/s,高硅氧纤维增强复合材料的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为0.116 4 mm/s和0.070 8 g/s。通过超声无损检测方法可以初步判断碳纤维增强复合材料的密实度。     

醋酸锆改性酚醛树脂复合材料的性能研究

以玻璃纤维(GF)为增强材料,制备了玻纤/醋酸锆改性酚醛树脂(GF/ZPF)复合材料,考察了树脂中锆含量对复合材料弯曲强度、线烧蚀率的影响以及复合材料线烧蚀率和烧蚀形貌随烧蚀时间的变化。结果表明,ZPF在1000℃的残炭率为68.7%,相比纯酚醛树脂(PF)提高了21.7%;当树脂中锆含量为14%时,GF/ZPF复合材料的弯曲强度达到最高值642MPa;当锆含量由10%增加到15%时,GF/ZPF复合材料的线烧蚀率由0.0305mm/s降低到0.0208mm/s;随着烧蚀时间的延长,GF/ZPF复合材料的线烧蚀率基本没有变化,表明GF/ZPF复合材料具有优异的耐烧蚀性能。     

纳米改性碳/酚醛树脂基复合材料性能研究

针对碳/酚醛树脂基复合材料层间剪切强度低的缺点,采用纳米填料进行改性。测试了2种纳米填料(纳米碳纤维、碳纳米管)改性后酚醛树脂的热解性能,研究了纳米填料对复合材料力学性能、烧蚀性能以及高温炭化后力学性能的影响,并观察分析了复合材料测试后的微观形貌。研究结果表明,纳米填料改性后,复合材料的力学性能、烧蚀性能均有所改善。其中,纳米碳纤维改性后复合材料的常温层间剪切强度达到24.9 MPa,氧乙炔线烧蚀率为22.75μm/s,质量烧蚀率为23.58 mg/s。纳米碳纤维表面粗糙,与树脂基体的界面强度高,因此其改性后的力学性能和烧蚀性能优于碳纳米管。     

RTM成型针刺预制体增强糠酮树脂烧蚀复合材料性能研究

以炭布/炭网胎叠层针刺预制体为增强体,糠酮树脂为基体,采用RTM工艺制备出表面质量良好的复合材料,对复合材料的力学及烧蚀性能进行测试分析.结果表明,制备的复合材料具有良好的力学性能特别是层间剪切强度,高达66.3MPa;氧-乙炔线烧蚀率为0.0368mm/s,质量烧蚀率为0.0865g/s,烧蚀性能较好.     

热熔胶膜法制备硅硼改性酚醛树脂预浸料及复合材料

纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料具有易成型、加工周期短和隔热性能好等优点,可用作烧蚀型热防护材料。本文对热熔胶膜法制备的高硅氧/硅硼改性酚醛预浸料及其复合材料进行了研究。硅硼改性酚醛树脂具有优异的热稳定性,氮气气氛下,800℃残碳率高达75.3%。高硅氧/硅硼改性酚醛预浸料的百分流动度、挥发份和树脂含量分别为21.3%、5.7%和40.2%。对比溶液法制备预浸料成型的层压板,采用热熔胶膜法制备的高硅氧/硅硼改性酚醛复合材料层压板的弯曲强度和层间剪切强度分别提高了56.2%和22.1%。氧乙炔线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为0.0498mm/s和0.0506g/s。高硅氧/硅硼改性酚醛复合材料优异的耐烧蚀性能有助于降低热防护材料的厚度,减轻火箭、导弹等的总体质量,对提高武器装备的性能具有重要的意义。     

一种适合于树脂传递模塑成型工艺的树脂基体及其碳纤维复合材料性能

选用一种液体改性芳香胺为环氧树脂的固化剂,得到了一种适合于树脂传递模塑(RTM)的高性能树脂体系。实验研究表明,该树脂体系在100℃时粘度仅为0.01Pa.s,在40℃时适用期在8h以上,Tg为107℃;其碳纤维复合材料抗剪切强度70MPa,抗拉强度1020MPa,抗张模量98GPa。说明该树脂体系粘度低,适用期长,玻璃化温度较高,与碳纤维的浸润粘接性好,可用作RTM成型工艺的高性能树脂基体。     

纳米炭纤维含量对其酚醛复合材料性能影响

采用纳米炭纤维对酚醛树脂改性,通过力学性能、烧蚀性能测试以及电镜和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析研究了纳米炭纤维含量对炭/酚醛树脂基复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,当纳米炭纤维质量分数为15%时,其改性复合材料的层间剪切强度最大,达到31.17 MPa,氧乙炔线烧蚀率最小,为0.020 mm/s。分析了其改性机理,指出纳米炭纤维在树脂中的分散均匀程度是获得理想复合材料性能的关键。     

RTM成型石英/钡酚醛耐烧蚀复合材料及其性能研究

研究了适用于RTM工艺的钡酚醛树脂的固化性能和工艺性能,以此为指导,采用RTM工艺制备了石英/钡酚醛复合材料,并对其力学性能和烧蚀性能进行了测试和分析.结果表明,石英/钡酚醛复合材料具有较好的整体力学性能,氧-乙炔线烧蚀率为0.092mm·s-1,质量烧蚀率为0.0707g·s-1.     

碳布增强聚芳基乙炔新型防热材料

本文研究了新型高碳聚芳基乙炔树脂(PAA)的成碳率及其碳布增强防热材料(2DC/PAA)成型工艺,对复合材料的性能进行了表征.结果表明,聚芳基乙炔树脂的成碳率高于酚醛树脂,C/PAA材料烧蚀性能优异,氧-乙炔线烧蚀率0.004mm/s;但材料机械性能较低,剪切强度仅为5.8MPa.     

Synthesis of dysprosium/Mn–Cu ferrite binary nanocomposite: Analysis of structural,morphological, dielectric,and optomagnetic properties

Manganese–copper ferrite (MCFO) and dysprosium (Dy)-doped manganese–copper ferrite nanocomposites (Mn_0.5Cu_0.5Dy_xFe_2−xO₄) (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) were synthesized by sonochemical method. Crystal structure and the structural parameters of the MCFO were analyzed based on the doping concentration of Dy ion. It was observed that the average crystalline size of the synthesized nanocomposite decreases when the concentration of Dy increases. The existing spherical surface morphology of the MCFO and Dy-doped MCFO nanocomposites were obtained through scanning electron microscopy. In the UV spectrum, the pristine MCFO sample showed an absorbance peak at 743 nm whereas the absorbance values of Dy-doped ferrite nanocomposite considerably shifted (blue) toward a lower wavelength (231–222 nm). The dielectric parameters of all ferrite nanocomposites were studied in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. The dielectric spectrum revealed that dielectric constant and loss tangent decreased with increased doping concentration of Dy ion. The saturation magnetization also changed with Dy doping in MCFO. The impact of Dy on manganese–copper ferrite changed the optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of the prepared binary ferrite nanocomposite, which can be used for microwave-absorbing material applications.     

Mechanical Properties of Compression Molded Banana Pseudo-stem Filled Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC) Composites

Mechanical strengths of a banana pseudo-stem (BPS) fiber and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) composite were evaluated to assess the possibility of using it as a new material in engineering applications. Samples were fabricated by the compression molding process with reference to the effect of filler loading. The samples were submitted to mechanical tests to measure tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites. The nature of adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement and information relating the structure of mechanical properties can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessment of the composite fracture surface. The mechanical properties show that the composites did not have good adhesion between filler and matrix; on the other hand, the filler insertion improved the flexural modulus and the material rigidity.     

核壳型纳米粒子合成方法及其性能的研究进展

核壳纳米粒子作为复合纳米粒子一个重要的分支,由于其光、磁和催化等方面的优异性能,近年来引起了人们广泛的关注.本文主要介绍了核壳纳米粒子的制备方法及诸多性能,并对核壳纳米粒子的发展进行了展望.     

单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的几种力学性能研究

本文用实验方法研究了单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的拉伸性能、疲劳性能和冲击性能。利用金属体积分数理论验证了这类层板的拉伸性能。通过对其疲劳性能的实验研究，发现裂纹扩展速率的大小及刚度的下降与加载的最大循环应力密切相关的规律。实验发现该层板具有比铝合金好得多的冲击性能。     

TMPTMA在硅橡胶中的应用研究

研究了助交联剂三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)对硅橡胶硫化性能、力学性能、低温性能和粘接性能的影响。结果表明,加入少量TMPTMA能改善硅橡胶的硫化特性和工艺性,提高硫化胶的硬度,降低硅橡胶的结晶温度,并有效提高硅橡胶与金属的粘接强度;但TMPTMA用量超过一定数值后,由于TMPTMA部分自聚合,在硅橡胶内形成一定的交联网络,造成两相界面粘接力变差,致使硅橡胶的拉伸强度降低。当TMPTMA用量为1份时,硅橡胶具有最佳的综合性能。     

聚氨酯种类对机械性能以及阻尼性能影响研究

分别以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG-1000)为软段,以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50、MDI-100LL),以及扩链剂1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为硬段,采用预聚体法制备了聚氨酯弹性体。并系统研究了聚氨酯体系中各组分的种类对材料机械性能和阻尼性能的影响。     

A new precursor to lightweight porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics with enhanced microwave transmissivity

Nowadays, complicated preparation processes and harsh sintering conditions wave transparent ceramics limit its further development. To solve this problem, we explore a promising precursor by adopting a polymerization-pyrolysis method to prepare porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics at a mild sintering condition (1000 °C). The porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics exhibits enhanced wave transparency at 10–16 GHz with a low dielectric constant (<3), a low loss angle tangent value (<0.01), and simultaneously, a relative high flexible strength of 82 MPa. According to the results of the XRD and FTIR analysis, porous Al₄B₂O₉ crystallization dispersed in the amorphous SiO₂ matrix constructs the main phases of the products. The changes of Al and B elements are confirmed to have an effect on the phase compositions and micro structure of the composite ceramics, which obviously affect the mechanical and dielectric properties of the derived ceramics. The as-prepared porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics could be a potential candidate for next generation electronic window materials due to its low dielectric constant and loss angle tangent value, as well as high flexible strength.     

Effects of support and additive on oxidation state and activity of Pt catalyst in propane combustion

The effects of support and additive on the oxidation state and catalytic activity of Pt catalyst in the low temperature propane combustion were systematically investigated on Pt/MgO, Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂–Al₂O₃. The catalytic activity varied much with both support materials and additives. The catalyst on the more acidic support showed higher activity, and the catalytic activity on every support materials increased as the electronegativity of additives increased, while some additives decreased the activity. The oxidation state of platinum, estimated by white line intensity of Pt L_III-edge XANES spectrum, also varied with the support and additives, and additives with higher electronegativity greatly prevented the platinum from its oxidation under oxidising atmosphere. Among almost all the catalysts with various supports and various additives, a clear relationship was observed between the oxidation state of platinum and the catalytic activity; the more metallic platinum showed higher activity. Thus, it was concluded that the total electrophilic/electrophobic property derived from those of the support and additive controls the oxidation state of platinum, which intensively affects the catalytic activity; i.e. higher electrophilic property provides less oxidised platinum, resulting in high catalytic activity. The mechanism of this effect was also discussed on the basis of thermochemical data, and it was proposed that the electrophobic materials promote the noble metal oxidation since the noble metal oxo-anion such as PtO^δ− is more stabilised with electrophobic cation.     

聚丙烯基抗菌塑料的制备与性能研究

利用熔融挤出共混技术制备了聚丙烯(PP)基抗菌塑料。研究了抗菌母料Antim-PP对PP的抗菌性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当抗菌母料与PP的质量比为4:100时,抗菌PP塑料对大肠杆菌的抗菌率大于99%,抗菌母料的加入使共混物的冲击性能有明显改善,其他力学性能基本不受影响。