正交试验法优化米饭汉堡制备工艺条件

研制一种新型中式米制快餐食品——米饭汉堡,并对其工艺条件进行优化。通过单因素试验考察不同粳米糯米比、米水比、浸泡时间和品质改良剂对米饭汉堡质构特性的影响。以感官评价为依据,通过正交试验得到米饭汉堡的优化工艺条件为粳米糯米比3:7、米水比1:1、SSPS添加量0.2%。通过上述优化工艺条件制得的米饭汉堡品质最佳。     

菊糖米糕的工艺及感官质构评定

为了改善传统米糕的质构性状及其营养品质,尝试将菊糖添加到米糕中。通过单因素和L9(34)正交实验研究了加水量、糯米粉和粳米粉配比以及菊糖添加量等因素对感官评价和质构分析(Texture Profile Analysis,TPA)等相关指标的影响,并进一步研究了菊糖米糕的感官评价和TPA有关指标之间的相关性。研究结果表明:菊糖米糕的最优工艺条件为加水量57.5%、糯米粉与粳米粉配比3∶2(g/g)、菊糖添加量3%;菊糖米糕的硬度、粘性和咀嚼性等TPA指标与感官评价的相应指标间具有良好的相关性,提示质构分析是菊糖米糕品质评价的一种有效方式。     

米酒作为馒头传统发酵剂的生产工艺研究

米酒是馒头传统发酵剂之一,通过考察米酒制作工艺对米酒馒头质构及感官评分的影响,来评价馒头发酵剂米酒品质,找出更适合的馒头发酵剂米酒的制作工艺。该研究在单因素试验的基础上,以米酒馒头质构及感官评分为考察指标,甜酒曲添加量、加水量、发酵时间、发酵温度为考察因素,通过正交试验优化得到米酒的最佳制作条件。结果表明,米酒的最佳制作条件为发酵时间72 h,发酵温度30 ℃,甜酒曲添加量1.5%,加水量1.0倍。在此最优工艺条件下制作的米酒,蒸制出来的米酒馒头质构良好,感官评分达到了90.2分。     

基于模糊数学综合评价法优化红烧肉制作工艺

研究了焯水时间、焖焅温度、焖焅时间对红烧肉感官性状及其质构品质的影响。以感官评定为基础对红烧肉的口感、滋味、香气和色泽进行权重分析,在此基础上利用模糊数学综合评价法对不同处理的样品进行综合评分,优化获得红烧肉的制作工艺;同时,仪器测定了不同工艺红烧肉的硬度、弹性、粘聚性、咀嚼性和回复性,并进行仪器测试品质与感官品质之间的相关性分析,得出影响红烧肉感官评价的主要质构属性。实验表明:模糊数学法评价红烧肉品质的权重集为K=(口感0.32,滋味0.35,香气0.20,色泽0.13);应用模糊数学综合评价法优化获得红烧肉的最佳工艺条件为:焯水时间3min,焖焅温度100℃,焖焅时间2.5h;结合仪器分析进一步得到红烧肉的弹性,硬度和咀嚼度是影响其感官评价的主要质构因素     

模糊数学感官评价法优化培根加工工艺

以猪肉为主要原料,通过选取色泽、质地、滋味和气味为评价指标,确定因素合理的权重,建立感官综合评分体系,采用正交试验法对培根的加工工艺进行优化,并应用模糊数学感官评价法获得培根的最佳加工工艺条件为谷氨酰胺转氨酶添加量0.02kg、猪骨咸味香精添加量0.02kg、亚硝酸钠添加量0.02kg、三聚磷酸盐添加量0.20kg、烟熏温度60℃、装模后腌制时间15h。     

芋泥添加对猪肉丸子品质影响

研究不同配方工艺对芋头肉丸品质的影响,从而优化芋头肉丸的加工工艺。采用单因素分析并结合正交试验的方法,以感官评价、质构、色泽、pH值、电子鼻,综合考察四种因素对芋头肉丸品质的影响。结果显示,芋头肉丸最佳调味工艺为:芋泥添加量40%、鸡粉添加量4.5%、食盐添加量1.4%、料酒添加量10%。不同因素影响大小为芋泥添加量鸡粉添加量料酒添加量食盐添加量。此条件下肉丸色泽金黄,香气浓郁,外酥里嫩。     

模糊数学感官评价法优化花生桃酥加工工艺

以感官评定为基础对花生桃酥色泽、外形、组织结构和滋味气味进行权重分析,并采用模糊数学综合评价法结合正交试验优化其工艺配方。结果表明,模糊数学评价花生桃酥品质的权重集为K=(色泽0.25,外形0.20,组织结构0.15,滋味气味0.40)。最佳工艺条件为白砂糖40%、花生油35%、花生仁10%、泡打粉2%。在此条件下制得花生桃酥色泽金黄,外形整齐,酥松香脆,具有浓郁花生香气。     

青麦糯米蒸糕加工工艺研究

青麦糯米蒸糕是以青麦粉和糯米粉为主要原料,通过发酵、蒸制而成的一种新型糕点。本实验通过对青麦粉的添加量、加水量、加糖量、酵母添加量、发酵时间和蒸制时间单因素优化及正交试验,确定青麦糯米蒸糕最优的加工工艺。结果表明:当青麦粉85 g,糯米粉15 g,水的添加量为55 g,白糖添加量为20 g,酵母添加量为1 g,发酵时间30 min,蒸制12.5 min时,制得的青麦糯米蒸糕具有良好的风味、口感和色泽。     

再生稻米发糕预混粉配方优化

试验以再生稻碎米为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化再生稻米发糕预混粉配方,比较再生稻制作的米发糕与传统早籼稻制作的米发糕质构差异,研究结果表明,对发糕品质影响力大小顺序为黄原胶添加量蔗糖添加量米粉细度泡打粉添加量;优化得到的再生稻米发糕预混粉配方为黄原胶添加量为0.03%,白糖添加量为12%,米粉粒度为100目,泡打粉添加量为1%;感官评价和质构分析结果表明,再生稻发糕软糯,更适口。     

利用模糊数学法优化孜然风味熏马肠休闲食品加工工艺

以新疆马肉为原料,通过滚揉、熏烤等工艺制作成熏马肠,通过选取色泽、质地、滋味和气味为评价指标,确定因素合理的权重,建立感官综合评分体系,采用正交试验法对孜然风味熏马肠休闲食品的加工工艺进行优化,并应用模糊数学感官评价法获得孜然风味熏马肠休闲食品的最佳加工工艺条件为:切片厚度9mm,孜然粉添加量5%,蔗糖添加量2.5%,腌制时间5h。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press