露天矿深孔爆破合理炸药单耗的确定方法

以兰格弗尔斯药量计算公式为基础，提出了确定露天矿深孔爆破合理炸药单耗的新方法，在卡布其石灰石矿的应用和一些露天矿山的生产爆破参数证表明，该方法可用于露天矿设计和生产中合理炸药单耗的研究与确定。     

某电厂结构爆破拆除设计与施工实践

根据选择的爆破拆除方案和爆破参数计算单孔装药量,设计起爆网络.根据爆破地震效应公式V＝KK′,（Q1/3/R）α及本地区地震测试结果,选取参数,对每次爆破计算距爆源中心最近建筑物的震动速度,理论计算震动速度不超限,爆破实践证明了爆破的安全性.     

露天矿山深孔台阶爆破振动监测与分析

针对露天采石场深孔台阶爆破振动可能对附近民房存在影响,进行了爆破振动监测．通过对采集的数据进行全面分析得出,该地形地质条件下,台阶爆破振动速度的衰减规律、不耦合系数与振动速度之间的关系．监测及分析结果对今后类似地形、地质条件下矿山深孔台阶爆破开采具有一定的参考意义．     

石灰石矿山防止大块爆破的方案研究

露天矿山受经济条件的制约，对爆破产生的大块基本上都采用二次爆破的方法予以解决，但二次爆破的安全性较低，因此，控制大块率，降低二次爆破次数是许多矿山所面临的课题，本文从大块发生的主要因素出发，通过实验采用辅助孔爆破方法取得了良好的效果。     

石门子水库库区危岩体爆破削方治理研究

分析了石门子水库库区危岩体蓄水前后的稳定性，提出了爆破削方减载的治理措施，论证并选取了危岩体稳定允许的质点振动速度标准，并据此设计出合理的爆破参数，实施后达到了防治目的。     

药室爆破应用实例探讨

叙述了药室爆破的一般方法，并论述了通过合理改造，药室爆破在露天矿山生产中仍然具有实用价值。文中的几个实例表明成本低，劳动强度低，爆破效果好是其主要优点。为在同等条件下使用药室爆破提供了成功的经验。     

露天矿山爆破安全问题剖析

在露天矿山的勘察、开采、运营的过程中，矿山爆破的安全问题一直是矿山单位关注的重点，如何保证露天矿山在爆破过程中的人员安全与财产安全，确保露天矿山在开采工作中的稳定和顺利展开，是矿山管理单位应该注意的重点。本文将以作者亲身实践为例，探讨露天矿山爆破过程中的安全问题。     

高速公路路堑开挖的爆破技术

为避免高速公路路堑开挖中爆破对路堑边坡围岩的破坏和影响，选用大口径中深孔，采取优化装药结构及爆破参数等控制爆破技术，对济南绕城高速公路路堑开挖项目实施控制爆破，爆破结果表明，路堑边坡完整，半孔率超过90％，满足了施工进度和质量要求。     

中深孔爆破在长山废弃矿山治理工程中的应用

结合露天台阶中深孔爆破的实践,介绍了露天台阶中深孔爆在海盐长山废弃矿山治理工程的应用,结合对长山实际施工状况分析,对爆破中的各种参数选择进行了较为详细的说明,为在今后的类似工程施工中,提供一定的应用价值.     

岩石爆破块率的分形研究

应用分形理论对岩石爆破块度的分形特性进行研究，进一步说明了岩石的爆破块度具有很好的分形结构，并建立了分维数Ｄ与爆破参数之间的关系式，从而为爆破参数优化进行块度预报提供了科学依据。     

爆破振动对水工建筑物的影响和评价

由于人工爆破等原因产生的振动会对建筑物产生一定的影响,振动监测评价很有必要。文中介绍了一个爆破振动监测的实例,通过对坝体、闸房、电站厂房位置进行爆破振动监测,采用质点振动速度参数,客观评价了爆破振动对上述水工建筑物的影响,结合地震峰值加速度这一设计参数,得出爆破振动对上述建筑物无不良振动影响的结论。     

Vibration Effect and Damage Evolution Characteristics of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Under Cyclic Blasting Loading

Model test studies based on the similarity theory were conducted to investigate vibration effect and damage evolution characteristics of tunnel surrounding rock under push-type cyclic blasting excavation. The model was constructed with a ratio of 1:15. By simulating the tunnel excavation of push-type cyclic blasting, the influence of the blasting parameter change on vibration effect was explored. The damage degree of tunnel surrounding rock was evaluated by the change of the acoustic wave velocity at the same measuring point after blasting. The relationship between the damage evolution of surrounding rock and blasting times was established. The research results show that:① In the same geological environment, the number of delay initiation is larger, the main vibration frequency of blasting seismic wave is higher, and the attenuation of high frequency signal in the rock and soil is faster. The influence of number of delay initiation on blasting vibration effect cannot be ignored; ② Under push-type cyclic blasting excavation, there were great differences in the decreasing rates of acoustic wave velocity of the measuring points which have the same distance to the blasting region at the same depth, and the blasting damage ranges of surrounding rock were typically anisotropic at both depth and breadth; ③ When blasting parameters were basically kept as the same, the growth trend of the cumulative acoustic wave velocity decreasing rate at the measuring point was nonlinear under different cycle blasting excavations; ④ There were nonlinear evolution characteristics between the blasting cumulative damage (D) of surrounding rock and blasting times (n) under push-type cyclic blasting loading, and different measuring points had corresponding blasting cumulative damage propagation models, respectively. The closer the measuring point was away from the explosion source, the faster the cumulative damage extension. Blasting cumulative damage effect of surrounding rock had typically nonlinear evolution properties and anisotropic characteristics.     

基于立体视觉的数字图像相关方法在爆破抛掷作用研究中的应用

爆破抛掷物能否按照设计运动直接决定爆破工程的成败。为进一步研究爆破抛掷作用过程,量化研究抛掷物运动状态,本文采用数字图像相关和立体视觉原理,建立了爆破抛掷物运动观测系统。应用该系统观测了混凝土模型爆破试验过程,通过数字图像相关匹配算法进行抛掷物的跟踪,通过立体视觉技术计算抛掷物三维运动轨迹坐标,进而得到了其运动速度。结果表明,抛掷物的运动过程可分为整体加速运动和分散减速运动两个阶段。在第一阶段：在爆生气体推动下,抛掷物以一整体做加速运动,此阶段持续时间9ms,在6.5ms时抛掷物脱离爆破漏斗,最大速度可达16.63~19.65m/s;在第二阶段：抛掷物逐渐破裂、分散成块,处于不同区域、不同形状的碎块运动状态均不同,表面碎块的速度最大,可达26.24m/s,是潜在的爆破飞石,其只受到重力和空气阻力作用,做减速运动;中下部碎块在残余气体推动下,同样做减速运动,但减速缓慢,速度为9~16m/s;薄片状碎块在飞行中不断翻转,消耗自身动能,其中速度最小的仅为5~6m/s。整体运动阶段简单,而分散运动过程较复杂,除爆破参数、介质自身性质外,抛掷物碎块的形状、所处位置也会影响其运动状态,抛掷物表面碎块速度最大,更易形成爆破飞石。本文为量化研究爆破抛掷作用和预测爆破飞石提供了一种有效的新方法。     

邻近既有建（构）筑物隧道爆破方案评价及优化方法

为降低隧道爆破对邻近结构的振动影响,提高隧道爆破质量,基于数值模拟和非线性模糊层次分析法（FAHP）提出邻近既有建（构）筑物隧道爆破方案评价及优化的新方法。借助Midas/GTS NX软件将爆破方案的等效爆破时程荷载作用于隧道的开挖轮廓并进行动力响应分析,结合建（构）筑物爆破振动安全判据对模拟监测点的振动影响进行评价和振动控制参数优化;运用非线性FAHP对满足振速控制标准的爆破参数进行合理性综合评价,并对影响评价结果的主要指标参数进行优化;根据符合各阶段合理性判据的爆破参数确定爆破方案。在工程应用中,经该方法优化后的方案较原方案单段最大药量减少了25%,测点峰值振速（PPV）降低了41.2%;方案实施后,现场监测结果与模拟结果的衰减趋势和峰值大小基本一致,且爆破效果符合光面爆破的相关技术要求,从而验证了该方法各阶段评定判据设立的合理性及方案评价和优化的可行性。     

Influence of millisecond time,charge length and detonation velocity on blasting vibration

The law of blasting vibration caused by blasting in rock is very complex.Traditional numerical methods cannot well characterize all the influencing factors in the blasting process.The effects of millisecond time,charge length and detonation velocity on the blasting vibration are discussed by analyzing the characteristics of vibration wave generated by finite length cylindrical charge.It is found that in multi-hole millisecond blasting,blasting vibration superimpositions will occur several times within a certain distance from the explosion source due to the propagation velocity difference of P-wave and S-wave generated by a short column charge.These superimpositions will locally enlarge the peak velocity of blasting vibration particle.The magnitude and scope of the enlargement are closely related to the millisecond time.Meanwhile,the particle vibration displacement characteristics of rock under long cylindrical charge is analyzed.The results show that blasting vibration effect would no longer increase when the charge length increases to a certain extent.This indicates that the traditional simple calculation method using the maximum charge weight per delay interval to predict the effect of blasting vibration is unreasonable.Besides,the effect of detonation velocity on blasting vibration is only limited in a certain velocity range.When detonation velocity is greater than a certain value,the detonation velocity almost makes no impact on blasting vibration.     

太子矶航道水下钻孔爆破地震波测试与分析

以长江太子矶航道疏浚爆破工程为例,通过对其爆破地震波的测试与分析,得出爆破振动速度的衰减经验公式,提出爆破振动速度安全判据及不同状态下的最大允许药量,并依据实测数据评估了水下钻孔爆破对长江大堤的影响。     

井下生产爆破对地表建筑物的影响分析

总结分析了采用振动主频、振动应力、振动速度等不同标准评价爆破振动强度的方法，针对屋场下采矿爆破的实际工程，分析计算了不同爆破作用圈半径大小，给出了振速与距离的关系。     

边坡稳定性的动力影响因素分析

边坡在地震或爆破振动等动力作用下的稳定性问题是目前研究的较热门问题．本文在总结影响边坡稳定性因素基础上,给出了描述震动效应的参数．地震或爆破振动的动力作用均可引起边坡的失稳,边坡的高度、形状、结构及地形特点也是决定边坡是否在动力作用下破坏的重要因素．此外,震源及质点的振动速度、振幅等也是判定边坡的失稳依据．     

爆破震动对新浇混凝土质量的影响及控制

在邻近岩石开挖爆破的部位进行混凝土的浇筑,短龄期的新浇混凝土容易受到爆破震动的影响,甚至可能会造成质量事故．介绍了在三峡工程施工中新浇混凝土的爆破震动测试成果,分析了产生震速超标的原因,提出了爆破震动控制与超标预防的主要措施．     

Blasting cumulative damage effects of underground engineering rock mass based on sonic wave measurement

The principle of sonic wave measurement was introduced, and cumulative damage effects of underground engineering rock mass under blasting load were studied by in situ test, using RSM-SY5 intelligent sonic wave apparatus. The blasting test was carried out for ten times at some tunnels of Changba Lead-Zinc Mine. The damage depth of surrounding rock caused by old blasting excavation （0.8-1.2 m） was confirmed. The relation between the cumulative damage degree and blast times was obtained. The results show that the sonic velocity decreases gradually with increasing blast times, hut the damage degree （D） increases. The damage cumulative law is non-linear. The damage degree caused by blast decreases with increasing distance, and damage effects become indistinct. The blasting damage of rock mass is anisotropic. The damage degree of rock mass within charging range is maximal. And the more the charge is, the more severe the damage degree of rock mass is. The test results provide references for researches of mechanical parameters of rock mass and dynamic stability analysis of underground chambers.