融合二阶HOG与CS-LBP的头部姿态估计

针对头部姿态估计受光照变化、表情、噪声干扰等因素影响导致识别率低的问题,提出一种融合二阶梯度方向直方图(HOG)和中心对称局部二值模式(CS-LBP)特征的姿态特征,用于单帧图像的头部姿态估计。采用二阶HOG对人脸图像进行形状信息提取,得到人脸的轮廓特征;用CS-LBP进行局部纹理信息的提取,通过将二阶HOG提取的轮廓特征和CS-LBP提取的纹理特征进行融合,得到更有效的人脸特征;将融合的姿态特征通过核主成分分析(KPCA)变换非线性映射到高维核空间中,抽取其主元特征分量,采用支持向量机(SVM)分类器进行姿态估计。实验结果表明,方法和HOG、LBP、二阶HOG、CS-LBP方法相比有更高的分类准确率,对光照的变化有很好的鲁棒性。     

纹理谱描述符及其在图像检索中的应用

为了提高纹理谱描述符的性能并降低其特征维数,在中心对称局部二值模式纹理谱描述符的基础上,提出一种融合局部区域中心像素以及灰度均值的改进纹理描述模式.首先根据图像局部区域内中心像素与其邻域像素间的灰度变化关系,定义了新的局部纹理模式;然后通过比较局部区域内灰度均值与图像全局灰度均值的大小,对局部纹理模式进行了增强处理.采用不同纹理图像库及不同的性能评价准则进行实验的结果表明,文中方法在基于内容图像检索中取得了较好的效果.     

局部二进制模式方法综述

目的 局部二进制模式(LBP)是一种理论简单、计算高效的非参数局部纹理特征描述子。由于其具有较高的特征鉴别力和较低的计算复杂度,因此近期获得了越来越多的关注,在图像分析、计算机视觉和模式识别领域得到了广泛的应用,尤其是在纹理分类和人脸识别两个经典的模式识别问题中,LBP方法得到充分的研究和发展。鉴于LBP的理论意义和实用价值,为了使国内外同行对LBP方法有一个较为全面的了解,对其进行系统总结。方法 在广泛文献调研的基础上,主要以纹理分类和人脸识别为应用背景,系统综述了LBP及现有各种LBP各种改进方法,从每种方法的研究动机、解决思路和方法特点及性能等方面进行总结。结果 首先,回顾了LBP方法的发展历程,综述了LBP及其众多改进方法的基本原理,系统梳理和评述了各种LBP方法的优势与不足,并在统一框架下对各种LBP方法进行分类总结;然后,综述了LBP及其各种改进方法在纹理分类和人脸识别中的应用研究,并总结了一些方法在基准数据库上达到的最高分类正确率;最后,凝练出LBP方法进一步的发展方向。结论 LBP方法的研究仍然是计算机视觉和模式识别领域倍受青睐的热点研究领域,仍然有更多低存储、快速的二值特征描述子被提出,LBP方法的应用领域仍在继续拓展。     

一种基于改进LBP算子的人脸识别算法研究

提出了一种基于改进LBP算子的人脸识别算法。局部二元模式（LBP）是一种灰度范围内的纹理描述方式,它从一种纹理局部近邻定义中衍生出来。然而,LBP算子本身还不够完善,在人脸识别的应用中还存在许多问题亟待解决。文章在此基础上,对其特征的组合方式等方面作了一些改进,并将改进后的LBP算子用于人脸识别。通过改进前后在YALE人脸库的实验比较,该方法在识别率上取得了较好的结果。     

An effective scheme for image texture classification based on binary local structure pattern

Effectiveness of local binary pattern (LBP) features is well proven in the field of texture image classification and retrieval. This paper presents a more effective completed modeling of the LBP. The traditional LBP has a shortcoming that sometimes it may represent different structural patterns with same LBP code. In addition, LBP also lacks global information and is sensitive to noise. In this paper, the binary patterns generated using threshold as a summation of center pixel value and average local differences are proposed. The proposed local structure patterns (LSP) can more accurately classify different textural structures as they utilize both local and global information. The LSP can be combined with a simple LBP and center pixel pattern to give a completed local structure pattern (CLSP) to achieve higher classification accuracy. In order to make CLSP insensitive to noise, a robust local structure pattern (RLSP) is also proposed. The proposed scheme is tested over three representative texture databases viz. Outex, Curet, and UIUC. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can achieve higher classification accuracy while being more robust to noise.     

基于Gabor和二值叠加CS-LBP特征的人脸表情识别

在表情识别中Gabor结合局部二值模式（LBP）的特征提取方法以及直方图统计降维虽然是较为局部化的方法,但LBP鲁棒性较差,识别精度不高,而且使用直方图统计来区分表情,其计算复杂度和特征维数依旧较高。中心对称局部二值模式（CS-LBP）与LBP相比具有较好的鲁棒性,但其对表情纹理细节的描述仍不够详细。因此提出基于Gabor结合改进的CS-LBP即二值叠加中心对称局部二值模式（二值叠加CS-LBP）的特征提取方法。用Gabor提取特征,同时用两种计算方式提取两个特征值并叠加,作为最终识别的特征;并通过离散余弦变换（DCT）降维,有效降低表情的特征维数。在JAFFE表情库中实验验证了该方法能有效提高识别精度。     

A cloud-based monitoring system via face recognition using Gabor and CS-LBP features

Face detection and recognition is an important topic in security. Currently, ubiquitous monitoring has received a large amount of attention. This paper proposes a cloud-based ubiquitous monitoring system via face recognition. It consists of a monitoring client module for face detection and recognition and a cloud storage module for data visualization. In the monitoring client module, the center-symmetric local Gabor binary pattern feature extraction method is proposed for face recognition, which combines improved multi-scale Gabor and center-symmetric local binary pattern (CS-LBP) features. This method maintains crucial local features, reduces the Gabor filter complexity, and adds rotational invariance and more precise texture information. A large number of experiments on the ORL, Yale-B, and Yale databases show that the proposed method obtains significantly better recognition rates than the LBP, CS-LBP, and Scale Gabor methods. Furthermore, we propose a Web browser-based data visualization that renders the geographic locations of the face detection and recognition results.     

A novel distribution-based feature for rapid object detection

The discriminative power of a feature has an impact on the convergence rate in training and running speed in evaluating an object detector. In this paper, a novel distribution-based discriminative feature is proposed to distinguish objects of rigid object categories from background. It fully makes use of the advantage of local binary pattern (LBP) that specializes in encoding local structures and statistic information of distribution from training data, which is utilized in getting optimal separating hyperplane. The proposed feature maintains the merit of simplicity in calculation and powerful discriminative ability to distinguish objects from background patches. Three LBP-based features are derived to adaptive projection ones, which are more discriminative than original versions. The asymmetric Gentle Adaboost organized in nested cascade structure constructs the final detector. The proposed features are evaluated on two different object categories: frontal human faces and side-view cars. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed features are more discriminative than traditional Haarlike features and multi-block LBP (MBLBP) features. Furthermore they are also robust in monotonous variations of illumination.     

面向局部光照突变的时间和空间中心对称局部二值模式算子

针对现有背景建模方法对局部光照突变非常敏感的问题,提出了一种新的时间和空间中心对称局部二值模式(TSCS-LBP)算子,并基于该算子的直方图设计了一种背景建模方法。TSCS-LBP算子在中心对称局部二值模式(CS-LBP)算子的基础上加入时域信息和中心像素信息,并引入有光照因子的自适应阈值,从而在保持较低计算复杂度的基础上,具有能够快速适应光照突变的能力。在此基础之上设计的背景建模方法,能够在常用实验场景中较为准确地检测出前景,有较高的抗噪性和检测精度;同时在有局部光照突变的特殊场景中也有很好的适应能力,与已有方法相比有较高的优越性。实验结果表明了本文方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

Discriminative local binary pattern

Local binary pattern (LBP) is widely used to extract image features as well as motion features in various visual recognition tasks. LBP is formulated in quite a simple form and thus enables us to extract effective features with a low computational cost. There, however, are some limitations mainly regarding sensitivity to noise and loss of image contrast information. In this paper, we propose a novel LBP-based feature extraction method to remedy those drawbacks without degrading the simplicity of the original LBP formulation. LBP is built upon encoding local pixel intensities into binary patterns which can be regarded as separating them into two modes (clusters). We introduce Fisher discriminant criterion to optimize the LBP coding for exploiting binary patterns more stably and discriminatively with robustness to noise. Besides, image contrast information is incorporated in a unified way by leveraging the discriminant score as a weight on the binary pattern; therefore, the prominent patterns, such as around edges, are emphasized. The proposed method is applicable to extract not only image features but also motion features by both efficiently decomposing a XYT volume patch into 2-D patches and employing the effective thresholding strategy based on the volume patch. In the experiments on various visual recognition tasks, the proposed method exhibits superior performance compared to the ordinary LBP and the other methods.     

基于二维MB-LBP特征的人脸识别

提出了一种基于二维多尺度局部二进制模式的人脸识别方法,对一幅人脸图像进行分块,对每一块的图像进行MB-LBP（Multi-scale Block Local Binary Patterns）算子运算,将MB-LBP与灰度共现矩阵结合起来得到了可以更好地描述局部纹理空间结构的二维MB-LBP特征,将各子块的二维MB-LBP特征进行连接形成人脸特征。该算法在ORL和CMU-PIE人脸数据库上进行测试,选择了支持向量机（SVM）作为分类器,并与传统的基于一维LBP特征进行比较,结果表明提出的算法在人脸识别问题上的有效性和优越性。     

基于多级CS-LBP特征融合的人脸识别方法

通常,采用中心对称局部二值模式CS-LBP对人脸图像只进行一次特征提取,提取的纹理特征不够丰富。因此,本文利用CS-LBP多次提取人脸图像更丰富的纹理特征,提出了多级CS-LBP特征融合的人脸识别算法。首先,用CS-LBP对原始人脸图像进行特征提取;然后,对所得特征图像再进行相同方式的特征提取,这样能够得到原始人脸图像的多级CS-LBP特征图像;最后,将每一级特征图像的分块直方图特征进行融合并用于人脸识别。在ORL、Yale标准人脸库上的实验结果表明,相比人脸图像的一级CS-LBP特征,多级CS-LBP特征融合的方法能够显著提高识别精度。     

基于纹理特征和轮廓光流矢量的烟雾识别

为了提高火灾探测的准确率和快速性,提出了基于纹理特征和轮廓光流矢量的烟雾识别算法。一方面为了获得更全面的纹理特征,建立图像金字塔,使用局部二值模式（ LBP）和基于方差的局部二值模式（ LBPV）结合的新方法分别提取金字塔不同层的纹理特征。另一方面是动态纹理特征,由于烟雾运动的湍流特性导致方向具有特定的一致性,改进了对全部可疑区域进行分析的方法,仅对可疑区域轮廓进行光流矢量分析,降低运算量。将静态纹理特征和动态纹理特征输入支持向量机（ SVM ）中进行识别。采用“静—静—动”的新型识别方法,实验结果表明：该算法能够及时准确报警,可靠率高。     

基于多级纹理特征的深度信念网络人脸识别算法

为解决人脸特征提取过程中局部特征缺失的问题,借助局部二值模式(LBP)与方向梯度直方图(HOG)提出一种基于多级纹理特征融合的深度信念网络人脸识别算法。以提取局部纹理特征以及边缘纹理特征为出发点,对人脸图像进行三级纹理特征提取。使用MB-LBP提取初级纹理特征;在此基础上进行改进的CS-LBP图像特征提取作为二级纹理特征;使用HOG算子在二级纹理特征上完成三级纹理特征提取。将二级和三级纹理特征直方图顺序串联融合后输入到深度信念网络(DBN)逐层贪婪训练,优化网络参数,并用优化的网络在ORL、YELA人脸标准库中进行测试,识别率均在92%以上。该算法与传统算法(SVM、PCA)相比较拥有更好的人脸识别效果,同时也表明了局部纹理特征的改善为识别过程的特征提取提供强有力的保障,为人脸识别的进一步研究开拓新思路。