TiNi表面磁控溅射DLC薄膜的纳米压痕与摩擦性能

采用室温磁控溅射技术在TiNi合金表面制备出DLC/SiC(类金刚石/碳化硅)双层薄膜(SiC为中间层),采用拉曼光谱仪、纳米压痕仪和球-盘式摩擦磨损仪研究DLC薄膜的结构、纳米压痕和摩擦性能.结果表明:制备的DLC/SiC薄膜石墨含量高、纳米硬度(5.493 GPa)低、弹性模量(62.2447 GPa)低.在以氮化硅球(半径为2mm)为对摩件,4.9N载荷、室温、Kokubo人体模拟体液润滑下,该DLC/SiC薄膜具有低且稳定的摩擦因数,其平均值约为0.094.     

磁控溅射沉积TiB_2/DLC纳米多层膜的结构及其机械性能研究

采用非平衡磁控溅射系统在P(100)硅片和304不锈钢基底上制备TiB_2/DLC纳米多层膜。利用FESEM、TEM、XRD和AFM观察多层膜的微观结构和表面形貌;利用纳米压痕仪、维氏硬度计和CSM球-盘摩擦磨损试验机考察TiB_2靶电流对多层膜的机械性能和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:TiB_2/DLC多层膜具有良好的多层调制结构,多层膜沿TiB_2(101)晶向择优生长;多层膜的表面粗糙度随着TiB_2靶电流增加而增加;多层膜中的大量异质界面能显著提高薄膜的硬度及韧性,而且当TiB_2靶电流为2.0 A时,多层膜的硬度约为单层DLC薄膜的两倍;多层膜中具有硬质TiB_2层和软质DLC层的交替结构,在摩擦过程中,硬层TiB_2起到良好的承载作用,软层DLC起到良好的润滑作用,使多层膜具有比单层DLC薄膜更低的摩擦因数。     

不同金属基材上类金刚石薄膜的摩擦特性

针对类金刚石(DLC)薄膜在精密机械零件中的应用,研究了在常温条件下沉积高界面强度的DLC薄膜的技术,以提高DLC薄膜与金属基材之间的结合强度.通过在基材与薄膜之间沉积加入a-Si:H中间过渡层,研究了在不同金属基材上DLC薄膜的结合强度.采用Ball-on-Disk方法评价了薄膜的摩擦特性并测定其摩擦系数、疲劳破坏寿命和磨耗.实验结果表明:在薄膜与金属基材之间加入a-Si:H过渡层后,界面的结合(键合)强度得到了明显的改善,在金属基材上沉积的DLC薄膜在磨耗过程中被完全磨穿而没有发生剥离.实验显示,在自制的化学气相沉积RF-DCCVD装置上沉积的DLC薄膜的最大沉积厚度是3.3μm;在1μm厚度的薄膜上施加2.94 N的负荷(点载荷),其疲劳破坏寿命达到了70万循环;DLC薄膜与SiC,Si3N4,SUS304和SUJ2材料之间的摩擦系数为0.1～0.15.得到的结果验证了薄膜与金属间的结合强度和摩擦特性能够满足精密机械零件的使用要求.     

中频非平衡磁控溅射沉积Ti-DLC膜摩擦磨损性能研究

采用中频非平衡磁控溅射技术制备Ti掺杂DLC(Ti-DLC)薄膜,对该薄膜的结构、内应力、结合强度进行了分析,分析了该薄膜与不同材料(Si3N4、钢、Ti-DLC)对摩时的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,该方法沉积的DLC薄膜具有结构致密、内应力低、结合强度较高等特点;Ti-DLC的摩擦磨损性能与对偶材料有关,Ti-DLC与Si3N4对摩时摩擦因数最低,磨损率最高;Ti-DLC与钢对摩时摩擦因数最高,且伴随明显波动;Ti-DLC与Ti-DLC对摩时磨损率最低,达到10-8量级.     

高速钢表面镀覆DLC膜的结构及其摩擦特性研究

以高纯石墨作靶材、N2/Ar为工作气体,采用非平衡磁控溅射技术在高速钢上制备了光滑、致密、均匀的掺氮DLC膜。用XPS、Raman光谱仪表征了DLC膜的结构,并在球-盘摩擦试验机上研究了其摩擦特性。结果表明:工作气体中的N2比例对DLC膜结构及其摩擦特性影响较大,随着N2比例的增加薄膜中sp3的比例减少,而sp2和碳氮键的比例增加;随着N2比例的增加,薄膜摩擦因数先减后增,这与薄膜中sp3比例下降和sp2比例增加而导致薄膜的硬度以及内应力变化有关。就本试验而言,工作气体中N2比例不应高于20%。     

类金刚石碳基薄膜在1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐中的摩擦学性能

利用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术,以甲烷为气源,在单晶硅(P(001))衬底上制备类金刚石碳基薄膜(DLC);利用高速往复摩擦磨损试验机分别测试DLC薄膜/Al2O3球摩擦副在大气环境下和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液润滑下的摩擦磨损性能;利用光学显微镜,X射线光电子能谱和三维轮廓仪分别对磨痕、磨痕表面元素和磨损率进行考察。实验结果表明:DLC薄膜在离子液润滑时,在低载荷下减摩作用明显,但在较高载荷下摩擦因数较无离子液润滑时高,且不随载荷增加而变化,推测是离子液形成了边界润滑膜;XPS分析表明这层边界润滑膜可能是由离子液物理吸附在摩擦接触面上形成的,并且对DLC薄膜有很强的抗磨作用。     

纺织机钢丝圈表面类金刚石膜的制备及摩擦特性研究

为提高纺织机高速纺纱工况下钢丝圈表面的磨损性能,采用直流等离子气相沉积法在钢丝圈表面制备类金刚石涂层(DLC),采用原位扫描探针显微镜观测涂层表面形貌,测量并计算涂层硬度。结果发现,DLC涂层颗粒粒径约为100 nm,呈岛状聚集分布,硬度约为18 GPa。采用球-盘式摩擦试验机研究DLC涂层在不同载荷(20~100 N)和不同转速(100~600 r/min)条件下的摩擦特性。结果表明,在低载高速的条件下,DLC涂层具有良好的耐磨特性,符合钢丝圈的实际工况。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析涂层的磨损机制,结果发现,在摩擦磨损过程中从薄膜中释放出来的氢和涂层的剪切变形引起了DLC薄膜的石墨化SP^3/SP^2转变,从而降低了摩擦因数和磨损率。     

类陨石坑表面类金刚石薄膜的制备及摩擦特性

为了提高DLC（Diamond-like Carbon）类金刚石薄膜与SAE1060碳素钢基材的结合强度,以延长发动机活塞环的使用寿命,研制了一种带有复合阳极的RF-DCCVD双电源化学气相沉积设备。利用锯齿结构的辅助阳极产生尖端放电,制备了具有微米类陨石坑非连续结构的DLC薄膜,并利用Ball-on-Disk摩擦评价试验机评价了薄膜的摩擦特性。着重研究了极间距S -T对薄膜表面类陨石坑密度的影响;最后利用拉曼光谱仪分析了薄膜结构和成分。结果表明：在同样的电压下,类陨石坑的密度随着电极间距的增加而减小,最佳电极间距S -T为40~60 mm,此时不仅具有比较适中的类陨石坑密度,对DLC薄膜的摩擦特性影响不大,而且具有较强的界面结合强度。当S-T为50 mm,施加载荷为3 N时,薄膜的破坏寿命达到了130万循环,比光滑表面的薄膜延长了30万循环。得到的结果显示微米类陨石坑非连续结构能够有效地释放膜内的残余压缩应力,延长SAE1060碳素钢基材上沉积类金刚石薄膜的使用寿命。     

中频磁控溅射周期性变电流（Ti，Al）N多层薄膜的结构与性能

使用独特的镶拼矩形TiAl靶,用中频反应磁控溅射方法,采用周期性改变靶电流的方法在高速钢(W18Cr4V)基体上沉积了(Ti,Al)N多层薄膜.利用场发射扫描电镜、纳米硬度仪和x射线衍射仪等方法研究了(Ti,Al)N多层薄膜组织结构、硬度和膜基结合性能.结果表明,制备的(Ti,Al)N多层薄膜硬度略低于20GPa.弹性模量均大于230GPa,薄膜的临界载荷均大于50N;多层薄膜有一定的择优取向,且择优取向随着靶电流周期性的改变而有所变化.同时发现,(Ti,Al)N多层薄膜硬度是结构、界面和择优取向共同作用的结果.     

调制比对多层DLC涂层摩擦及电化学行为的影响

研究调制比对多层类金刚石(Diamond-like carbon,DLC)涂层摩擦及腐蚀行为的影响。采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术成功制备了不同调制比的多层DLC涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、划痕仪、摩擦磨损试验机及电化学工作站等表征手段评价了不同调制比多层DLC涂层的结构特点、力学性能、摩擦学性能以及耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:所制备涂层表面光滑、结构致密、膜基界面结合良好。其中1∶1为多层DLC涂层最佳调制比,该调制比涂层的硬度、弹性模量和抗裂纹萌生的临界载荷最大。同时,摩擦试验表明1∶1涂层具有最低的磨损率,且经720 h盐雾试验后仍然表现出较高的阻抗值。通过以上结果可以得出当调制比为1∶1时,多层DLC涂层具有良好的摩擦学性能及耐腐蚀性能。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.