球罐环焊缝接头残余应力的三维非线性有限元分析

建立了球罐环焊缝焊接温度场和焊接应力应变场三维移动热源有限元分析模型,考虑了材料的热物理性能和力学性能随温度而变化,应用单元生死技术模拟焊接填充过程,模拟计算出移动热源作用下的温度场,以及以温度场为基础的环焊缝接头焊接应力应变场的分布规律:温度场结果表明,由于焊接的热输入和速度不同,以及热源加载体积不相等,每道焊接的最高温度均不相等。应力场的分析结果表明,在球罐内表面的焊缝及近缝区,呈现双向残余拉应力(经向和周向),而在外表面的对应区域,经向残余应力是压应力,周向残余应力为拉应力。     

陶瓷/金属钎焊接头残余应力的测量及数值计算

用微区X射线衍射仪测量了陶瓷／金属接头陶瓷表面离边缘0．2mm处的残余应力的大小和分布，用热弹塑性有限元方法，在考虑了材料性能参数随温度变化的情况下，对接头残余应力的大小和分布进行了计算。结果表明，计算值和测量值的趋势基本一致，都是在陶瓷侧的外表面靠近界面的地方存在着最大的轴向拉应力。X射线衍射测量结果还表明，Si3N4／40Cr接头的钎料层较厚时，接头的残余应力值较高。     

铝合金平板钨极氩弧焊数值模拟与残余应力预测

利用ABAQUS有限元软件对铝合金平板钨极氩弧焊(TIG)焊接过程进行了数值模拟.首先应用移动的椭圆高斯分布表面热源作为输入热源,对TIG焊过程中的焊件温度场及应力场进行了模拟计算.高度不均匀的焊接温度场,导致构件中产生较大的残余应力与变形.最后,对冷却后的平板残余应力进行了预测,并将有限元计算结果与残余应力的实测结果进行了对比,两者吻合很好.     

双湿式搅拌机底部框架焊缝结构微区残余应力数值模拟

运用有限元软件ANSYS对双湿式搅拌机底部框架焊接过程进行了数值分析.采用高斯热源模型模拟手工钨极氩弧焊源,利用APDL编写循环程序实现热源的移动,得到双湿式搅拌机底部框架焊后的变形和残余应力场.从焊缝结构微区的Von Mises等效应力分布云图和节点的残余应力分布曲线可见:整个结构的焊后残余应力均为压应力,其值远小于材料的屈服强度,最大残余应力发生在沿焊缝方向上,从垂直焊缝方向的残余应力分布曲线可见,在焊缝处横向残余应力发生跳跃变化.     

协调形变法消除小直径管道焊接应力方法的研究

由焊接残余应力带来的焊接接头应力腐蚀开裂问题，是石油化工行业广泛使用的输送管道的主要失效形式。很多情况下，改变接头的应力分布状态，是解决这一问题的有效方法。结合小直径管道的特点，文中提出一种新的消除应力方法——协调变形法，即在管道焊缝两侧压应力区制造温差，使该区产生一定的与焊缝区相协调的收缩变形。对比协调形变法消除小直径管道焊接残余应力的数值模拟结果和实验结果，分析协调形变法消除残余应力的机理。结果显示，数值模拟结果与实际情况一般都符合得较好，可以达到100％的消除应力效果(内表面轴向应力)。该方法使用简单、效果好，表明协调形变法是消除残余应力的有效方法，可以解决小直径管道由于消除应力难而产生的应力腐蚀问题。     

Design of a laser welded thin metal tube structure incorporating welding distortion and residual stress

The welding process, incorporating rapid heating and cooling, generates distortion and residual stress in the welded structures. In the design of a high quality welded structures, the weld distortion and residual stress have to be considered in advance. Especially, for the thin metal welded structures, the thermal distortion and residual stress have a severe effect on the structure’s precision, fatigue strength, buckling strength and so on. This study aims to analyze the design candidates of a laser welded thin metal tube structure in the view point of welding distortion and residual stress. Three design candidates were fabricated, and then the distortion was measured. And the residual stress distributions were calculated by using a commercial FEM package. The analysis results show that the distortion and residual stress were affected according to the position of weld line and the design of structure. By using the analyses the best one among the three design candidates was selected finally.     

AZ31镁合金TIG氩弧焊接应力场的数值模拟

以开V形坡口镁合金薄板对接为例,利用ANSYS软件对其焊接过程进行了模拟分析。首先建立了一个三维有限元模型,并利用生死单元技术模拟实际的焊接过程,得到了焊接温度场及残余应力场的分布情况,并对结果进行了分析和讨论。同时,在相同工艺条件下完成了实际的焊接实验,并对焊接残余应力进行了测量。实测结果与计算结果比较吻合,这说明ANSYS的单元生死技术可以有效地模拟焊接过程,本方法对焊接模拟工作中各种关键问题的处理比较得当。     

垫板导热能力对钛合金薄板焊接残余应力的影响

针对钛合金TC4薄板钨极氩弧焊(GTAW)分别在试件背面衬以铜垫板与覆盖石棉的垫板两种情况下所焊的对接试件,采用切条应力释放法测量了其中纵向残余应力和纵向残余塑性应变的分布,比较研究了不同导热能力的垫板对钛合金薄板焊接残余应力及纵向残余塑性应变的影响。测量结果表明:钛合金GTAW焊接过程中垫板不仅提供了对焊缝背面的保护,也影响了焊接纵向残余应力与纵向残余塑性应变的分布与大小。不同导热能力的垫板控制应力与变形的效果不同。铜垫板控制应力与变形的效果好于覆盖石棉的垫板。     

分体式捣镐的焊接有限元模拟

介绍了铁路捣固车的工作原理、捣镐的失效形式以及国内外捣镐的特点和使用寿命。选择分体式捣镐为研究对象,运用ANSYS对捣镐的焊接过程进行模拟。采用高斯热源模型进行了焊接温度场数值模拟,通过ANSYS的APDL命令流、动态填充热流密度表,方便地实现了移动热源的加载,得到了焊接温度场和残余应力场分布数据,较好地模拟了实际焊接过程。仿真结果符合已有的焊接过程残余应力产生理论,验证了仿真过程的正确性。     

钛合金薄板激光焊接和TIG焊接残余应力数值模拟

基于有限元分析软件ANSYS，以激光焊接和TIG焊接温度场模拟为基础，对钛合金薄板的焊接残余应力进行了数值模拟，并分析了不同焊接工艺参数对激光焊接和TIG焊接残余应力分布的影响。数值模拟中考虑了材料参数的温度相关性，并与小孔释放法测试的焊接残余应力进行比较，结果表明：计算结果和测试结果吻合较好。     

辅助热源影响焊接残余应力的研究

采用曲壳单元热弹性有限元法,对ＬＳＮＤ静态低应力无变形焊接控制技术中辅助热源影响焊接残余应力的规律进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,辅助热源如与焊接热源同时冷却则对焊接残余应力的影响不大,只有焊缝冷却至低温阶段后再冷却的辅助热源才有利于降低焊接残余应力。     

Investigations on welding residual stress and distortion in a cylinder assembly by means of a 3D finite element method and experiments

In the present work, both experimental and numerical simulation methods are used to investigate the characteristics of welding distortion and residual stress distribution. A 3D thermo-mechanical Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method is used to predict the welding distortion and residual stress of cylinder-shaped multi-pass layer weldments. Each weld pass is performed using a quarter-circle balanced welding procedure. To investigate the influence of deposition sequence and welding heat input on the welding distortion and residual stress, a continuous welding procedure is also calculated. The corresponding FEA models considered a moving heat source, the deposition sequence, and temperature-dependent thermal and mechanical properties. The results predicted by 3D FEA model are generally in good agreement with the measurements. Finally, the numerical and experimental results suggest that both deposition sequence and heat input affect welding distortion and residual stress distribution. Furthermore, the 3D thermal-mechanical FEA method can predict cylinder-type welding distortion.     

LY12铝合金薄板焊接残余应力测试分析

采用切条法和有限元计算,完成了对LY12铝合金薄板焊件焊接残余应力的测试和数值分析,测得的纵向焊接残余应力数值与有限元计算的结果吻合良好,研究结果表明,分析得到的残余应力分布,对LY12铝合金薄板在焊后服役过程中承受的应力状态分析提供了基础理论依据,有着实际的意义。     

薄板TIG对接焊温度场的有限元模拟

焊件中的温度场分布反映了复杂的焊接热过程，是研究焊接变形、焊后残余应力等状况的基础。焊接数值模拟技术的出现，为焊接技术的深入发展创造了有力的条件。针对低碳钢薄板件TIG对接焊时，应用双椭圆分布热源模型，建立了TIG对接焊三维温度场有限元数值分析模型，将有限元解同实验结果进行了比较，两者基本吻合，表明了该分析模型的有效性，并以此有限元模型为基础，分析了两焊板间存在间隙和焊枪偏离焊缝中心这一实际情形下，温度场分布的不均匀性。     

Characteristics of the residual stress distribution in welded tubular T-joints

Tubular T-joints are structural discontinuities that can be easily involved with stress concentrations. It is therefore necessary to estimate an internal stress distribution of T-joints. However, the complicated residual stresses are unavoidably produced adjacent to the joints by welding. In this paper, the residual stress distributions in welded tubular T-joints were analyzed by using a three-dimensional non-steady heat conduction analysis and a three-dimensional thermal elastic-plastic analysis. Characteristics of the residual stress distribution in welded tubular T-joints are investigated by the thermal-mechanical analysis results.     

Analysis of transient temperature and residual thermal stresses in friction stir welding of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 via numerical simulation

Residual stress is lower in friction stir welding (FSW) compared with other melting weldment processes. This is due to being solid-state process in its nature. There are several advantages in utilizing stir welding process. Lower fluctuation and shrinkage in weldment metal-enhanced mechanical characteristics, less defects, and ability to weld certain metals otherwise impractical by other welding processes are to name just a few of these advantages. These have caused an ever increasing attention by the concerned to the process of FSW. In this investigation, three-dimensional numerical simulation of friction stir welding was concerned to study the impact of tool moving speed in relation with heat distribution as well as residual stress. Simulation was composed of two stages. Firstly, thermal behavior of the piece while undergoing the welding process was studied. Heat is generated due to the friction between tool and the piece being welded. In the second stage, attained thermal behavior of the piece from previous stage is considered as inlet heat of an elasto-plastic, thermo-mechanical model for the prediction of residual stress. Also, in the second stage, tool is eliminated and residual stress distribution is found after complete cooling of the piece and disassembly of the clamp. Material characteristic are introduced into the proposed model as temperature-dependent parameters. Obtained residual indicate that heat distribution along thickness varies and is asymmetrical enormously. Moreover, longitudinal residual stress in the weld which increases as speed of process and tool movement ascends. In the prediction of results of residual stress, only heat impact was studied. This was recognized as the main element causing minor difference in results obtained for simulation in comparison with that of actual experiment.     

高强低合金钢焊接过程多物理场耦合数值模拟

目前高强低合金钢焊接数值模拟中,采用热-力耦合分析时,忽略固态相变效应,残余应力模拟值与试验测量值误差较大。为提高焊接数值模拟精度,根据多场耦合关系,基于传热学、固态相变理论和连续介质力学,建立焊接过程多物理场耦合本构方程,并通过子程序将其嵌入到通用隐式有限元程序中。采用数值模拟与试验分析的方法研究高强低合金钢小试样的自由膨胀试验、相变塑性试验及平板焊接试验应力及各应变分量的演变。研究结果表明：固态相变体积变化引起的相变应变对残余应力有显著影响,不但改变了残余应力的大小,甚至改变了残余应力的符号,考虑相变塑性应变时会降低应力的水平。残余应力改变程度与相变程度有关系：完全相变区影响最大,部分相变区次之,未发生相变区最小。相变应变和相变塑性应变最终大小相当。研究方法为深入了解高强低合金钢焊接过程和焊接工艺优化提供了理论基础。     

还原炉挠性夹套的焊接残余应力有限元模拟

夹套是广泛运用在化工、医药等行业设备上的加热冷却装置,夹套焊缝是常常发生开裂泄漏的失效部位,焊接残余应力是导致开裂泄漏的重要因素之一。利用有限元技术对一种新型多晶硅还原炉挠性冷却夹套的焊接过程的温度场、残余应力和塑性应变场进行了数值模拟。借助ANSYS的APDL编程和单元生死技术,采用热-结构直接耦合法,传热分析采用含高斯热源的瞬态过程、应力分析为稳态,材料本构为随温度变化的双线性随动强化弹塑性模型。通过模拟获得焊缝区域残余应力和塑性应变的分布规律,为同类夹套的焊接强度评定提供了有效方法。     

焊接顺序对横向止挡焊接残余应力及变形的影响

采用数值模拟及试验手段相结合的方式研究焊接顺序对横向焊接止挡焊接残余应力及焊接变形情况的影响。基于Sysweld软件平台,对横向止挡焊接温度场及应力应变情况进行计算,并设置两种定位焊顺序及两种组焊顺序,通过排列组合方式得出四种焊接方案。通过数值模拟及试验对比发现,对于应力情况,定位焊接顺序对焊接残余应力的分布影响很小,而组焊接的焊接顺序对横向止挡最大残余应力的影响起主要作用。从变形情况来看,横向止挡X、Z方向的变形量最大,变形量1.2 mm左右,横向止挡Y方向的变形最小,变形量0.5 mm左右。采用方案四的焊接方法能够有效控制焊接残余应力及焊接变形。     

分流组合模挤压过程数值模拟及模具应力分析

采用有限体积数值模拟方法研究分流组合模中焊合室的深度对铝型材挤压过程的影响,分别采用21mm、26mm和31mm三种焊合室深度对挤压过程进行了模拟,得到了应力、应变、挤压力等各种物理场量的变化规律,并采用有限元法对模具受力及变形情况进行了分析。研究结果表明,焊合室深度对载荷影响不大,但焊合室深度为26mm时质点流速最均匀。模具变形分析结果表明,随着焊合室深度增加,模芯变形程度增大,对应力分布来说,存在一个最佳的焊合室深度。从型材产品质量和模芯变形量综合考虑,应合理设计焊合室深度。