双强少油煤粉点火燃烧技术在600 MW锅炉上的应用

鹤壁丰鹤发电厂2×600 MW机组引进了双强少油煤粉点火燃烧技术,经试运行以来的多次试验证明,改造优化后锅炉燃烧投粉的时同提前,锅炉启动稳燃及节油效果相当明显,提高了电厂的经济效益.改造应用经验可为同类型机组的改造及经济运行提供参考.     

微油点火技术在中间储仓式乏气送粉系统锅炉中的应用

针对某电厂燃烧系统存在的问题,对2台锅炉进行微油点火稳燃技术改造。采用微油点火技术的改造方案,对改造后的实际应用进行对比分析。改造后锅炉点火、稳燃节油效果明显,为同类型机组进行微油点火系统改造提供参考。     

300MW亚临界机组锅炉炉内深度分级低NOx燃烧改造

文中详细介绍了某电厂300 MW亚临界机组四角切圆燃烧锅炉利用炉内深度分级低氮燃烧技术进行锅炉的低氮燃烧改造情况,并对该锅炉改造前后的锅炉热效率和NOx排放进行了试验和测算,结果显示,通过改造不仅提高了原锅炉的热运行效率,而且有效地降低了NOx的排放。     

燃煤电厂低氮燃烧技术改造的经济性管理

依据我国燃煤电厂氮氧化物控制方向,建立低氮燃烧技术改造的经济性管理分析模型。分析表明,燃煤电厂低氮燃烧技术改造经济性与改造部分的设计及安装成本、低氮燃烧技术改造技术水平、机组锅炉服役年限、机组容量等级、年利用小时数及改造前氮氧化物排放浓度等因素有关。低氮燃烧技术改造对燃煤电厂在役机组而言并非一定要进行,其低氮燃烧技术改造的经济性随机组服役年限的增长而变差。燃煤电厂应优先对大容量机组、年利用小时数高的机组及改造前氮氧化物排放浓度较高的机组进行低氮燃烧技术改造。     

气化微油点火技术在700MW亚临界锅炉上的应用

传统的锅炉点火油枪耗油量大、热量损失高,针对该问题,在分析气化微油燃烧器的基础上,提出采用气化微油点火技术来达到节油降耗的目的。珠海发电厂700 MW机组锅炉利用大修时将原来的燃烧器点火系统改造成微油点火燃烧器。改造后的投用效果表明:该燃烧器锅炉启停快、燃烧稳定、节约燃油、降低了生产成本。改造后节油率可达70%以上,具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

基于锅炉整体性能优化的低氮燃烧系统设计与实践

介绍了北仑电厂3号机组基于锅炉整体性能优化进行的低氮燃烧系统改造设计方案及再优化方案,改造后NOx浓度下降明显,锅炉的各项性能指标均能达到预期目标,消除了原有燃烧系统的诸多问题,锅炉整体性能得到了优化。     

珠海电厂700MW锅炉低氮燃烧器改造后的运行分析

通过对珠海电厂700MW机组锅炉低氮燃烧器的改造,在降低氮氧化物NOx排放值符合标准的同时,针对燃烧器改造后对锅炉燃烧系统运行和参数调节的运行分析,提出了低氮燃烧器改造后的运行调节和注意事项,并进一步优化锅炉运行,控制好燃烧参数的调整和提高锅炉运行效率。     

某电厂300MW机组节油燃烧的技术改进

发电厂机组启动初期,主要通过燃烧柴油点燃油枪启动,这需要燃烧大量的柴油.由于柴油的价格远高于煤的价格,为了在机组启停过程和正常运行中尽量节省用油,减少燃油消耗,提高经济效益,分析了某电厂自建厂以来在节油燃烧方面的诸多技术改进.前期利用锅炉余汽提供雾化自汽进行启动,省去启动锅炉的点火运行以节油;后期采用微油点火方式提前投用煤粉,从而实现以煤代油,达到节油燃烧的目的.改进后的经济性分析表明,节油技术为电厂节约了成本,提高了经济效益.     

绥中电厂引进型800MW锅炉机组燃烧器结构分析研究

着重介绍了绥中电厂800MW锅炉机组燃烧系统中燃烧器的布置和单台燃烧器的结构特点，可为国内高参数大容量锅炉机组燃烧器的设计、运行、改造提供依据。     

等离子点火燃烧装置——电站燃煤节能环保新技术

讲述了等离子煤粉点火燃烧装置的工作原理、结构组成及系统构成,并结合该装置在电厂的改造和使用情况,简要介绍了现场运行机组上的改造方案和经济效益。     

火电厂节能工作浅析

本文探讨了火电厂节能基本程序和工作方法,分析节能工作要从基础工作、技术创新、设备整治、燃烧管理等方面入手的论述.     

浅析磨合期汽车的使用

如何合理使用磨合期的汽车，使其摩擦机件的磨损量能够平稳、均匀地磨合而不至于过度磨损，对汽车实际使用寿命有着重要的意义。从机器磨合期的特点和磨损机理出发，对汽车磨合期如何正确使用进行了有实际意义的探讨。     

Geothermal energy in agriculture in Yugoslavia

SFR Yugoslavia has natural hot water springs practically all over its territory, indicating the presence of geothermal reservoirs underground. There is no final estimate of how much energy can be expected from this new resource, except for figures based on the results of studies and investigations.The first use of geothermal energy in Yugoslavia in numerous spas dates back to the 19th century. Some remarkable examples of central heating are known, but the most widespread use is in agriculture (in greenhouse heating, farm heating and drying of agricultural products).     

Energy conservation measures in an institutional building in sub-tropical climate in Australia

In this study, various energy conservation measures (ECMs) on heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems for a four-storied institutional building in sub-tropical (hot and humid climate) Queensland, Australia are evaluated using the simulation software called DesignBuilder (DB). Base case scenario of energy consumption profiles of existing systems are analysed and simulated first then, the simulated results are verified by on-site measured data. Three categories of ECMs, namely major investment ECMs (variable air volume (VAV) systems against constant air volume (CAV); and low coefficient of performance (COP) chillers against high COP chillers); minor investment ECMs (photo electric dimming control system against general lighting, and double glazed low emittance windows against single-glazed windows) and zero investment ECMs (reset heating and cooling set point temperatures) are evaluated. It is found that the building considered in this study can save up to 41.87% energy without compromising occupancies thermal comfort by implementing the above mentioned ECMs into the existing system.     

Uncertainties in decarbonising heat in the UK

Heating is arguably one of the most difficult sectors to decarbonise in the UK's energy system. Meeting the 80% greenhouse gas emission reduction target by 2050 is likely to require that heat related emissions of CO₂ from buildings are near zero by 2050, and there is a 70% reduction in emissions from industry (from 1990 levels). Though it is clear that the use of the natural gas network will reduce over time, recent modelling suggests a limited residual role for gas by 2050 to help meet peaks in heat demand. High levels of uncertainty about the way in which heat will be decarbonised present a number of challenges to policy makers. This paper will explore the risks and uncertainties associated with the transition to a low carbon heat system in the UK as outlined by the 4th carbon budget review. The potential impact of key uncertainties on the levelised costs of heat technologies and the development of energy networks are explored using a sensitivity analysis approach. Policy changes required to decarbonise the heat sector are also examined.     

Solar drying in sludge management in Turkey

Two main wastewater treatment plants in Bursa city in Turkey will start to operate and produce at least 27,000 tons of dry solids per year by the end of 2006. The purpose of this study was to investigate an economical solution to the sludge management problem that Bursa city would encounter. The general trend in Turkey is mechanical dewatering to obtain a dry solid (DS) content of 20%, and liming the mechanically dewatered sludge to reach the legal landfilling requirement, 35% DS content. This study recommends limited liming & solar drying as an alternative to only-liming the mechanically dewatered sludge. Open and covered solar sludge drying plants were constructed in pilot scale for experimental purposes. Dry solids and climatic conditions were constantly measured. Faecal coliform reduction was also monitored. The specially designed covered solar drying plant proved to be more efficient than the open plant in terms of drying and faecal coliform reduction. It was found that, if the limited liming & solar drying method was applied after mechanical dewatering instead of only-liming method, the total amount of the sludge to be disposed would be reduced by approximately 40%. This would lead to a reduction in the transportation, handling, and landfilling costs. The covered drying system would amortize itself in 4 years.     

Viscous heating in liquid flows in micro-channels

Many experimental works on forced convection through micro-channels evidenced that when the hydraulic diameter is less than 1 mm, conventional theory can no longer be considered as suitable to predict the pressure drop and convective heat transfer coefficients. This conclusion seemed valid for both gas and liquid flows. Sometimes the authors justified this claim by invoking “new” micro-effects. On the contrary, in this paper the explanation of the experimental results obtained for micro-channels in terms of friction factors will be researched inside the conventional theory (Navier-Stokes equations). In particular, this paper will focus on the role of viscous heating in fluids flowing through micro-channels. A criterion will be presented to draw the limit of significance for viscous dissipation effects in micro-channel flows. The role of the cross-sectional geometry on viscous dissipation will be highlighted and the minimum Reynolds number for which viscous dissipation effects can no longer be neglected will be calculated as a function of the hydraulic diameter and of the micro-channel geometry for different fluids. It will be demonstrated how viscous effects can explain some experimental results on the Poiseuille numbers in micro-channels, which recently appeared in the open literature.     

Electoral cycles in electricity losses in India

A third of electricity in India is lost each year, where losses refer to power that is supplied but not billed. Utilizing data from the power corporation of Uttar Pradesh, India's most populous state, we study the politics of electricity losses. Examining annual data over four decades, we document that UP's electricity losses tend to increase in periods immediately prior to state assembly elections. Drawing upon geographically disaggregated data for the period 2000–09, we observe higher line losses just prior to the 2002 and 2007 state elections. Our analysis shows that the incumbent party was more likely to retain the assembly seat as line losses in the locality increased. We interpret these results as corroboration that political parties deliberately redirect electricity to flat rate and unbilled users in a context of chronically inadequate supply. Political factors appear to affect line losses in ways that technical and economic factors alone cannot explain.     

Energy consumption in rural transportation in India

Energy consumption in rural transportation has been computed, taking into account the energy embodied in vehicles or bullocks, as well as the fuels or feeds and food (of operators). Bullock cart transport consumes over four times more energy than vehicles. However, animal transport will continue to be preferred because of its availability.