20Cr2Mn2Mo钢渗碳后空冷开裂原因探讨

２０Ｃｒ２Ｍｎ２Ｍｏ钢渗碳后空冷开裂原因探讨太原重型机械集团公司热处理分厂（太原０３００２４）田香菊李祝群ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎＣｒａｃｋｉｎｇＣａｕｓｅｏｆＣａｒｂｕｒｉｚｅｄ２０Ｃｒ２Ｍｎ２ＭｏＳｔｅｅｌａｆｔｅｒＡｉｒＣｏｏｌｉｎｇＴｉａｎＸｉａ...     

几种渗碳钢的静弯和冲击特性

用无缺口和有缺口试样研究了几种渗碳钢的静弯特性和冲击特性，结果表明，渗碳层由表及里成分和组织的变化使缺口深度性能的影响规律复杂化，塑性和韧性越差的钢其缺口脆化作用越小，从而使缺口性能上的差异比无缺口时性能上的差异变小，从静弯强度，挠度，弹塑性功，裂纹扩展功以及缺口冲击韧性等几个方面综合考虑，２０Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ４Ａ和１７ＣｒＮｉ２Ｍｏ钢的性能优异，２０ＣｒＭｎＴｉ钢较差，性能最差的是２０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢，     

20CrMo钢制蜗杆的节能强化热处理

２０ＣｒＭｏ钢制机床分度头蜗杆（如图１示）,要求渗碳层深度１．１０～１．２０ｍｍ,硬度≥５９ＨＲＣ,变形振摆≤０．２０ｍｍ。原工艺流程为：正火→机械加工→渗碳→精加工→淬火、回火→校直→磨→成品。其热处理工艺见图２。图１　机床分度头蜗杆图２　２０ＣｒＭｏ钢制机床分度头蜗杆原热处理工艺按上述工艺处理虽能满足技术条件,但生产周期长,能耗大,工艺繁琐,成本增加。而且蜗杆因高温渗碳长期保温,晶粒较粗,脆性较大,强韧性不足,早、中期脆断时有发生。且高温加热畸变较大,需增加校正工序。为了克服上述缺陷,采用简…     

循环热处理对离子渗碳晶粒度的影响

本文探讨了循环热处理对离子渗碳后试样晶粒度的影响。结果发现,经一定的循环处理后,可以有效地细化经高温离子渗碳后的粗大晶粒,并能改善机械性能。     

机械合金化Cu-Cr合金在0.1MPa纯氧气中的氧化

采用机械合金化法制备了两相颗粒极细的Ｃｕ－Ｃｒ与Ｃｕ－４０Ｃｒ合金,研究其在７００￣８００℃,０．１ＭＰａ纯氧气中的氧化。ＭＡＣｕ－２０Ｃｒ及ＭＡＣｕ－４０Ｃｒ合金２４ｈ氧化后均形成了连续的Ｃｒ２Ｏ３层,这主要由于两相颗粒的细化,加快了Ｃｒ颗粒的溶解,缩短了Ｃｒ的扩散距离,从而有效地促进Ｃｒ２Ｏ３层的形成。     

防止20CrMnMo钢齿轮磨削裂纹热处理工艺研究

本实验针对２０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢容易出现磨削裂纹的问题，从控制渗碳淬火处理质量入手，重点提出了２０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢采用调质热处理，渗碳后增加－道高温回火工序，以及低温回火温度采用２２０－２４０℃的处理工艺。鉴于渗碳层可获得良好的组织，硬度和残余应力状态，将有利于防止磨削裂纹的产生。     

新一代铝合金晶粒细化剂Al-Ti-C

综述了新一代铝合金晶粒细化剂Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ的理论研究情况。Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ晶粒细化剂克服了Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ的缺陷，其异质形核核心ＴｉＣ比ＴｉＢ２的聚集倾向更小，并对Ｚｒ、Ｃｒ、Ｖ、Ｍｎ等元素“中毒”免疫。在相同添加量时，Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ细化效果优于Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ，已成为取代Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ的新一代晶粒细化剂。     

几种渗碳钢的接触疲劳和弯曲疲劳性能

用滚轮试样和三点试样研究了２０ＣｒＭｎＴｉ，２０ＣｅｒＭｎＭｏ，１７Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ２Ｍｏ和２０Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ４Ａ四种渗耐烦钢的接触疲劳性能和弯曲疲劳性能。结果表明，２０ＣｒＭｏｎＭｏ钢的接触疲劳性能最高，２０ＣｒＭｎＴｉ钢的最低。     

溅射TiAlCr涂层对Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V抗氧化性能的影响

研究了溅射Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ及Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｃｒ涂层对Ｔｉ２４Ａｌ１４Ｎｂ３Ｖ抗高温氧化性能的影响。结果表明,在８００℃下,Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ及Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｃｒ涂层表面由于可形成粘附性良好的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜,大大改善了Ｔｉ２４Ａｌ１４Ｎｂ３Ｖ的抗高温氧化性能。９００℃时在Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ涂层表面长出大量ＴｉＯ２,导致其氧化增重较大;而在Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｃｒ涂层表面生成了连续Ａｌ２Ｏ３,其抗氧化性能良好。然而,由于ＴｉＡｌＣｒ涂层与基体热膨胀系数不同,在循环氧化过程中涂层出现一些裂纹,导致其抗循环氧化性能有所下降。     

20CrMnSiNi2A钢淬透性

采用末端淬火法研究了２０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＮｉ２Ａ钢的淬透性及其影响因素。结果表明，钢中加入Ｎｉ元素，适当提高淬火加热温度均能有效地改善２０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＮｉ２Ａ钢的淬透性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.