L-茶氨酸与表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯预防肥胖及高胆固醇血症的协同调节作用

以成功造模肥胖及高胆固醇血症大鼠的高脂饲料为基础,以辛伐他汀为阳性对照,比较研究了表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG,83.3 mg·kg?1·d?1)+L-茶氨酸(16.7 mg·kg?1·d?1)、EGCG(100 mg·kg?1·d?1)和L-茶氨酸(100 mg·kg?1·d?1)连续灌胃高脂饮食SPF级SD大...     

Effect of growth path on the tenderness of the semitendinosus muscle of Brahman-cross steers

The growth paths of 36, nine-month-old Brahman-cross steers were modified to determine the effect of their growth history on tenderness of the semitendinosus (ST) muscle. Steers were assigned to one of three treatment groups. One group of steers (uninterrupted group) was grazed on improved tropical pasture for 257 days and had an average weight gain of 0.6 kg day(-1). The other two groups were fed a restricted diet of low-quality grass hay and lost on average ~ 13% of their initial live weight over 100 days. These groups were then regrown for 157 days on either pasture (pasture finished) with the uninterrupted group, or on a grain-based feedlot diet (grain finished). Growth rates of the previously restricted groups during the regrowth phase were indicative of compensatory growth and were significantly different (p < 0.05) at 0.76 (sem 0.03) kg day(-1) and 1.22 (0.05) kg day(-1), pasture and grain finished groups, respectively. Growth rates for both restricted groups were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the uninterrupted group [0.55 (0.02) kg day(-1)]. At slaughter, the grain finished group had heavier carcases, higher dressing percentages and more fat coverage, than either the uninterrupted or pasture finished groups, the latter being significantly lighter than the uninterrupted group. Tenderness was assessed by shear, compression (C) and adhesion (ADH) measurements. Shear peak force (PF) values of cooked ST samples did not differ significantly between groups. However, PF values of pressure-heat treated ST samples from the grain finished group were significantly less (p < 0.05) than comparable values from the uninterrupted group suggesting a reduced contribution of connective tissue to toughness. The pasture finished group mean PF value was not significantly different from either the uninterrupted group or grain finished group means. C and ADH values were significantly less (p < 0.05) in the grain finished group compared to the pasture finished groups values, again indicating a reduced connective tissue contribution to toughness. We conclude that the physical properties of the connective tissue component of the ST muscle may be altered by rapid compensatory growth after a weight loss phase and reduce the connective tissue contribution to toughness which may enhance meat tenderness.     

两株植物乳杆菌联合抑制高脂诱导小鼠肥胖的形成

目的:考察植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0344和KLDS1.0386联合处理对小鼠肥胖形成的抑制作用。方法:实验小鼠分为空白组、模型组、干预组和药物组,空白组喂养D12450B对照饲料,其余三组喂养D12492高脂饲料,空白组和模型组灌胃灭菌PBS缓冲溶液,干预组(KLDS1.0344组、KLDS1.0386组、混合组)和药物组分别灌胃菌悬液0.2 mL(混合组按照1:1比例,菌浓度为5×108 CFU/mL)、奥利司他(10 mg/kg),持续8周,测定小鼠体重、Lees系数、体脂率、血脂四项、肝脏甘油三酯、肝脏HE切片等相关生化指标。结果:8周后,模型组体重高于空白组27.5%,模型组建成功;与模型组体重增量10.49 g相比,混合组体重增量5.36 g显著下降(P<0.05),Lees系数3.12%、体脂率2.33%、血脂(TC:4.23 mmol/L、TG:0.80 mmol/L)及肝脏甘油三酯含量(0.28 mmol/g prot)显著下降(P<0.05);从肝脏切片中可以观察到模型组小鼠肝脏中出现明显的脂肪变性,而干预组中显著缓解(P<0.05)。结论:该联合菌株可作为抑制高脂诱导肥胖形成的潜在益生菌制剂。     

茶黄素、茶红素与茶褐素对高脂饮食大鼠肠道菌群的影响

以茶黄素、茶红素以及茶褐素为研究对象,研究其对高脂饮食大鼠肠道菌群的影响。即以高脂饮食饲养的方法造模成立营养性肥胖大鼠模型的同时,连续9周灌胃茶黄素、茶红素和茶褐素,其后测定各组大鼠体重、Lee's指数、脂重及血脂水平,通过高通量测序技术,对大鼠肠道内容物肠道菌群进行生物信息学分析。结果表明,和模型对照组相比,灌胃茶黄素、茶红素和茶褐素均可抑制大鼠体重增长(p < 0.05)与Lee's指数(p < 0.01),降低其脂肪重量(p < 0.01或p < 0.05),使其血清内TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、TG含量以及AI指数下降(p < 0.05或p < 0.01),能起到抑制大鼠肥胖效果。进一步分析显示,茶黄素、茶红素和茶褐素能够抑制高脂饮食导致的大鼠肠道内容物肠道菌群丰度及多样性的降低。且从其肠道菌群结构上看,各组大鼠厚壁菌门的相对丰度降低,拟杆菌门的相对丰度得以增加,F/B比值显著降低(p < 0.05)。此外,茶黄素、茶红素和茶褐素还使各组大鼠肠道内属水平上瘤胃球菌相对丰度下降,而乳杆菌、Akkermansia菌和毛螺菌相对丰度存在不同程度回升。即茶黄素、茶红素和茶褐素对高脂饮食大鼠肠道菌群具有正向的调节作用。     

鹰嘴豆膳食纤维对高脂血症大鼠脂代谢的改善作用

本研究观察了鹰嘴豆膳食纤维对高脂血症大鼠血脂及抗氧化水平的影响,为鹰嘴豆保健功效研究提供参考依据。40只雄性SD大鼠高脂饲料喂养建立高脂血症模型,将造模成功的大鼠,随机分为高脂模型组,鹰嘴豆膳食纤维高(30 g/kg高脂饲料)、中(15 g/kg高脂饲料)、低(5 g/kg高脂饲料)3个干预组。高脂模型组继续喂以高脂饲料,干预组分别喂以含不同含量鹰嘴豆膳食纤维的高脂饲料。干预7周后,处理动物,分别测定各组大鼠体重、肝重、附睾周脂重,血清血脂水平及氧化应激水平。结果表明:与高脂模型组相比,鹰嘴豆膳食纤维组体重增量、肝重、附睾周脂重均有下降,其中体重增量以干预第5周高剂量组下降最为明显,降低:29.34%,高中低各剂量组附睾周脂重分别降低:33.81%,17.28%,21.86%,但肝重降低无统计学差异;血脂方面,甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)值高剂量组降低:51.52%,40.45%,总胆固醇(TC)值以中剂量组最优,降低:34.31%,高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)高剂量组升高42%;在抗氧化能力方面,中剂量组丙二醛(MDA)含量降低40%,高剂量组总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平分别升高54%,55%,且T-SOD、GSH-Px升高呈现剂量相关性。可见鹰嘴豆膳食纤维具有降低高脂血症大鼠体质量,调节异常血脂作用,而这种作用可能与其提高高脂血症大鼠抗氧化能力,降低氧化应激损伤有关。     

The effects of supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on anthropometric indices and body composition in overweight and obese subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Clinical trials have indicated conflicting results on the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on obesity. The present study aimed to systematically review controlled clinical trials examining the effects of CLA on anthropometric indices and body composition in overweight and obese subjects. Pubmed, Scopus, Web of science, and Cochrane databases were searched between 2000 and December 2017 with no language restriction. Placebo-controlled clinical trials that reported anthropometric indices and body composition in overweight and obese subjects were included. Random-effect model was used to pool the effect estimates. Of 4032 publications, 13 trials were included for the meta-analysis. Pooled effect sizes indicated that CLA significantly reduced body weight (WMD: ?0.52 kg, 95% CI: ?0.83, ?0.21; I²: 48.0%, p?=?0.01), BMI (WMD: ?0.23 kg/m², 95% CI: ?0.39,???0.06; I²: 64.7%, p?=?0.0001), FM (WMD: ?0.61 kg, 95% CI: ?0.98, ?0.24; I²: 53.8%, p?=?0.01) and increased LBM (WMD: 0.19 kg, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.34; I²: 81.4%, p?=?0.0001) compared to the placebo group. However, the effects of CLA on WC (WMD: 0.05 cm, 95% CI: ?0.01, 0.1; I²: 0%, p?=?0.93) was not significant. Additionally, its impact on body weight in subjects older than 44 year (WMD: ?1.05 kg, 95% CI: ?1.75, ?0.35; I²: 57.0%, p?=?0.01), with longer duration (more than 12 weeks) (WMD: ?1.29 kg, 95% CI: ?2.29, ?0.29; I²: 70.3%, p?=?0.003) and dosage more than 3.4 g/day (WMD: ?0.77 kg, 95% CI: ?1.28, ?0.25; I²: 62.7%, p?=?0.004) were greater than comparative groups. Supplementation with CLA can slightly reduce body weight and FM and increase LBM in overweight and obese subjects. However, its efficacy was not clinically considerable. Further studies with high methodological quality are needed to shed light on the effects of CLA on anthropometric indices in overweight and obese subjects.     

Dietary Intake of Structured Lipids with Different Contents of Medium‐Chain Fatty Acids on Obesity Prevention in C57BL/6J Mice

Three medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) with different contents of medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFA) (10% to 30%, w/w) were prepared and evaluated for their anti‐obesity potential in C57BL/6J mice. The group fed with a high fat diet of MLCT containing 30% (w/w) MCFA showed significantly decreased body weight and fat mass (P < 0.05) relative to the control mice fed an obesity‐inducing high fat rapeseed oil diet. In addition, serum parameters including triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, glucose, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B in the treatment group fed with 30% (w/w) MCFA were close to those of mice fed with a low fat rapeseed oil diet, but significantly different (P < 0.05) from those of the obesity control group. Moreover, the intake of MLCT with high content of MCFA reduced the size of adipocytes. In addition, the visceral fat and liver weights, as well as the liver triacylglycerol for 3 treatment groups were lower than those of the obesity control group. These results demonstrate the great potential of MLCT with high content of MCFA in weight loss.     

黑茶桑叶固体饮料对高脂饮食小鼠的减肥作用

该研究旨在探究以黑茶和桑叶提取物为主的固体饮料对高脂饮食（HFD）小鼠的减肥作用。通过饲喂高脂饲料建立肥胖模型,随机分为模型组、阳性药组、低（385.0 mg/kg体质量）、中（765.0 mg/kg体质量）、高（1147.5 mg/kg体质量）剂量固体饮料组,灌胃6周后检测小鼠相关生化指标,观察其肝脏及脂肪组织切片,并进行肠道菌群测序。结果显示,固体饮料组均能减少模型组小鼠60%以上的体质量增量和40%以上的脂肪湿质量;改善HFD小鼠的肝脏脂滴聚集、脂肪变性的问题,缓解脂肪组织细胞膨大的情况;同时,该固体饮料能降低HFD小鼠肠道内厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）与拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）比值（F/B）,提高部分有益菌的丰度。说明该黑茶固体饮料对HFD诱导的肥胖模型小鼠能起到显著减肥作用,且高剂量组优于中低剂量组。     

苦瓜桑叶复合颗粒对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠脂糖代谢及肠粘膜屏障异常的改善作用

目的:研究苦瓜桑叶复合颗粒对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠脂糖代谢及肠粘膜屏障异常的改善作用,为苦瓜桑叶复合颗粒的进一步开发应用提供数据支持。方法:SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、高脂肥胖模型组、苦瓜桑叶复合颗粒低剂量组和高剂量组。除空白对照组外,其他组大鼠均给予高脂饲料建立肥胖模型。苦瓜桑叶复合颗粒低、高剂量组每天分别灌胃0.5和1 g/kg的苦瓜桑叶复合颗粒,其他组以相同方法灌胃等体积生理盐水,连续给药8周。测定大鼠体重及血糖血脂水平,包括葡萄糖（glucose,GLU）、糖化血清蛋白（glycated serum proteins,GSP）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipid-cholesterol,HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipid-cholesterol,LDL-C）等。通过苏木精-伊红染色观察大鼠肝脏和结肠组织形态变化,并检测结肠紧密连接蛋白Occludin的表达。结果:苦瓜桑叶复合颗粒可有效调控高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠的体重和血糖血脂水平,使其恢复正常。病理切片显示苦瓜桑叶复合颗粒可降低肥胖大鼠肝脏脂滴的形成并改善结肠粘膜腺体异常形态。同时,苦瓜桑叶复合颗粒可有效提升肥胖大鼠结肠Occludin蛋白的表达（P<0.05）,改善肠粘膜紧密连接状态。结论:苦瓜桑叶复合颗粒对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠脂糖代谢异常具有明显改善作用,并可一定程度修复肥胖引起的肠道粘膜损伤,此研究对苦瓜桑叶复合颗粒的开发及相关机制的阐明具有重要意义。     

沙棘蛋白的特性及其对db/db糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用

本文研究了沙棘蛋白对2型糖尿病模型db/db小鼠的降血糖作用。以m/m小鼠为正常对照组,db/db糖尿病模型小鼠为研究对象,每日灌胃300 mg/kg二甲双胍和不同剂量的沙棘蛋白,分别为沙棘蛋白高剂量组(SSPH,200 mg/kg)、沙棘蛋白中剂量组(SSPM,100 mg/kg)、沙棘蛋白低剂量组(SSPL,50 mg/kg),连续灌胃8周。测量初始血糖和体重以及灌胃第1周、第4周、第8周小鼠体重和血糖,并于第8周末对小鼠进行口服糖耐量测试(OGTTs)。db/db小鼠在实验开始时就表现出明显肥胖,行动迟缓,贪食贪饮,高血糖等症状,实验进行4周后,db/db小鼠未治疗组(DC)较沙棘蛋白治疗组体重增长缓慢、小鼠眼神呆滞、毛发稀疏、垫料潮湿。治疗8周后与DC组血糖峰值(28.06 mmol/L)相比SSPL组血糖值为19.89 mmol/L,降血糖效果显著(P<0.05),SSPH体重增加明显,增长率为9.19%,各组小鼠精神状态良好。实验表明沙棘蛋白可以明显降低db/db小鼠的血糖,减轻糖尿病对小鼠的损伤。     

翅果油对高脂饮食小鼠的降脂减肥作用

目的:研究翅果油干预对高脂饮食小鼠降脂减肥作用。方法:将40只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为5组(n=8):正常组、高脂饮食组、翅果油低、中、高剂量组,灌胃量分别为1.5、3.0和6.0 g/kg·d。正常组给予基础饲料,其余各组给予高脂饲料,干预8周。实验结束后记录小鼠体重、摄食量等基础指标,测定血清中总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、高密度胆固醇(High density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)及肝脏TC、TG的含量,并计算血清中低密度脂蛋白(Low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)含量及动脉粥样硬化指数(Atherosclerosis index,AI),苏木精伊红染色(Hematoxylin and eosin,HE)染色观察脂肪组织细胞数量及大小,并进行相关性分析。结果:与高脂饮食组相比,翅果油干预组显著降低小鼠体重、脂肪重、肝重、肝脏TG含量及血清TC、TG、LDL-C含量(P<0.05),其中翅果油中剂量组干预效果最好;翅果油干预能增加血清HDL-C含量,降低AI值,但不具有显著性差异(P>0.05);HE染色结果显示,高脂饮食小鼠脂肪细胞变大且排列不均匀,翅果油干预能够抑制高脂饮食引起的脂肪细胞增大,且中剂量效果较好;相关性分析结果显示,脂肪细胞面积与肝脏TG、TC含量呈显著正相关,与血清HDL-C呈显著负相关,与AI值呈显著正相关(P<0.05),说明翅果油可以通过降低肝脏脂质含量,调节机体脂质代谢,从而抑制脂肪细胞增大,达到降脂减肥的作用。结论:翅果油干预可以在一定程度上有效预防肥胖及与肥胖相关的代谢疾病的发生。     

苜蓿提取物减肥作用的动物实验研究

目的：研究苜蓿提取物对营养肥胖型大鼠的减肥作用。方法：将刚断乳的 60 只SD 大鼠随机分为6 组：空白对照组、肥胖模型组、阳性对照组(曲美)、苜蓿提取物1.80、0.90、0.45g/kg bw 3 个剂量组,除空白对照组给正常饲料外,其余各组均饲喂营养饲料,每天灌胃给受试物1 次,连续70d,每周称量大鼠体质量2 次。实验结束,分别测定大鼠体质量,脂/ 体质量比,Lee’s 指数,血清及肝脏TC 和TG 的含量及脂肪组织结构变化,同时检测血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、血糖含量。结果：与肥胖模型组比较,苜蓿提取物能显著降低大鼠体质量、脂肪质量、脂/ 体比;降低Lee’s 指数;使血清和肝脏TC 含量下降;使生殖器周围脂肪细胞颗粒变小;不影响血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、血糖含量。结论：苜蓿提取物对营养型肥胖大鼠有明显的减肥作用,副作用小,值得进一步深入开发其减肥用途。     

蒙古扁桃油对高脂血症大鼠肝脏保护作用

目的:探究蒙古扁桃油对实验高脂血症大鼠血脂水平及肝脏功能的影响。方法:80只雄性Wistar大鼠按体重均衡随机分成8组:空白对照组、蒙古扁桃油对照组、高脂模型组、蒙古扁桃油组(A、B、C、D)、橄榄油对照组,除空白对照组和蒙古扁桃油对照组给予基础饲料,其余组均供给高脂饲料。5周建立高脂血症模型,蒙古扁桃油对照组(按每公斤体重给予10 mL/kg蒙古扁桃油灌胃)、蒙古扁桃油组(A:10、B:7.5、C:5、D:2.5 mL/kg)、橄榄油对照组(10 mL/kg橄榄油),空白组与模型组灌胃给予生理盐水。5周后,采样计算肝脏指数,测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和肝组织丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH),拟合量效关系曲线,观察肝脏组织学病理变化。结果:10 mL/kg和7.5 mL/kg的蒙古扁桃油显著降低高脂血症大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)浓度(p < 0.05),不同剂量蒙古扁桃油均显著降低肝脏丙二醇(MDA)的含量(p < 0.05),10 mL/kg和2.5 mL/kg蒙古扁桃油显著提高肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量(p < 0.05)。结论:蒙古扁桃油具有调血脂、提高肝脏抗氧化和保护肝脏组织的作用,且最佳剂量在2.5 mL/kg ≤ Y ≤ 10 mL/kg范围内。     

Effect of partially replacing dietary barley with 20% carob pulp on post-weaning growth, and carcass and meat characteristics of Comisana lambs

Sixteen male Comisana lambs were divided into two groups of eight at age 45 days. One group received a commercial pelleted diet (control) and the other group (carob) received a diet in which 20% carob pulp was used in partial replacement of barley. The animals were slaughtered at 100 days. No significant differences were observed for live weight, although the carob group ate 14% more dry matter, showing a higher conversion index (2.68 and 3.22kg dry matter per kg weight gain respectively for control and carob). The dressing percentage was higher (p < 0.05) for the control group; however, the carcasses showed no differences in the European classification system. Lightness (lean colour) was the only meat quality parameter (p < 0.05) affected by diet treatment: the carob group lambs had a higher L (?) value. This could not be attributed to ultimate pH, which was not significantly different between the two groups. In triangle tests, sensory panelists were unable to distinguish one diet treatment from the other. Instrumental tenderness was also unaffected by diet treatment.     

Moderate weight loss: a self-directed protocol for women.

This innovative, self-directed diet and physical activity program was designed to achieve moderate weight loss in women. Thirty-five overweight or obese hyperlipidemic women completed a 20-week weight loss study. The weight loss intervention consisted of a 20% decrease in energy intake through diet and a 10% increase in energy expenditure through physical activity. The diet consisted of 50-60% carbohydrates, 20% protein, and 20-30% fat. A personal trainer prescribed physical activity regimens. A progress-tracking system and monthly group sessions were used to maintain participant motivation throughout the weight loss period. Participants lost an average of 11.7 +/- 2.5 kg (p<0.001). The pattern of weight loss was linear (p<0.001) throughout the study period. Average weight loss per week was 0.59 +/- 0.55 kg. This 20-week program, combining a structured self-selected diet and independent preplanned physical activity with motivational strategies, resulted in weight loss comparable to that observed in more controlled interventions. The lower cost, ease of use, and outcome success make this approach potentially useful in a clinical setting.     

Hypolipidemic and Anti-Obesity Effect of Anserine on Mice Orally Administered with High-Fat Diet via Regulating SREBP-1, NLRP3, and UCP-1

To investigate the efficacy of anserine on antiobesity, C57BL/6 mice are orally administered with a high-fat diet (HFD) and different doses of anserine (60, 120, and 240 mg/kg/day) for 16 weeks. Body weight, lipid, and epididymal fat content in mice are measured, and their liver damage is observed. The results display that the body weight, epididymal fat content, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) content in anserine groups are decreased by 4.36–18.71%, 7.57–35.12%, and 24.32–44.40%, respectively. To further investigate the antiobesity mechanism of anserine, the expression of SREBP-1, NLRP3, NF-κB p65 (p65), and p-NF-κB p65 (p-p65) proteins in the liver and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1-α) and UCP-1 proteins in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is analyzed by Western blot. Results show that anserine can significantly decrease the expression of the NLRP3, p65, p-p65, and the SREBP-1 proteins and increase the expression of the PGC1-α and UCP-1 proteins. This study demonstrates that anserine lowered blood lipids and prevented obesity; its antiobesity mechanism may be related to the activation of brown fat by inflammation.     

普洱茶对大鼠肥胖的干预和保肝护肝作用

将SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、高脂对照组、普洱茶低(0.45 g/kg)、中(0.90 g/kg)、高(1.35 g/kg)浓度组,每组10只,每天灌胃普洱茶,连续处理十二周后,禁食24 h,取大鼠肝脏,测其甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)的含量、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)的表达及与脂代谢相关的基因表达,以研究普洱茶的预防肥胖和保肝护肝作用。结果显示,普洱茶能降低高脂饲料喂养的大鼠肝脏中TG和TC的含量,显著提高腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)磷酸化水平(p<0.05),极显著下调脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c(SREBP-1c)和羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGCR)的mRNA表达水平(p<0.01),作用效果呈剂量依赖性。因此,普洱茶具有良好的预防肥胖和保肝作用效果。     

共轭亚油酸对高脂饲料诱导肥胖大鼠脂质蓄积和肠道菌群的影响

目的:以高脂饲料诱导建立肥胖大鼠模型,探讨共轭亚油酸（CLA）干预对肥胖大鼠脂质蓄积和肠道菌群的影响。方法:将40只SPF级雄性SD大鼠按体重随机分为四组,每组10只,除对照组（ND组）以普通饲料喂养外,其余组均以高脂饲料喂养。其中ND组灌胃花生油1 g/kg;高脂模型组（HD组）灌胃花生油1 g/kg;高脂共轭亚油酸低剂量组（LC组）灌胃0.2%共轭亚油酸1 g/kg;高脂共轭亚油酸高剂量组（HC组）灌胃2%共轭亚油酸1 g/kg,干预9周。于实验末采集大鼠粪便后提取粪便中细菌DNA后进行16S rDNA测序,之后麻醉采血后处死,取肝脏、肾周脂肪和睾周脂肪组织,于?80 ℃保存。结果:HD组大鼠体重、内脏脂肪、血清和肝脏甘油三酯和总胆固醇显著高于ND组（P<0.05）,高剂量共轭亚油酸干预可显著降低大鼠体重、血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇及肝脏总胆固醇（P<0.05）;高脂饲料诱导可使大鼠肠道菌群属水平中Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group（真杆菌属）、Psychrobacter（嗜冷杆菌属）、Corynebacterium_1（棒状杆菌_1）、Staphylococcus（葡萄球菌属）的相对丰度增加;高剂量CLA干预可改变肥胖大鼠的肠道菌群的组成,如在属水平上显著增加了Bifidobacterium（双歧杆菌属）、Butyrivibrio（丁酸弧菌属）、Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014（瘤胃球菌科_UCG-014）等的相对丰度（P<0.05）,减少了Staphylococcus（葡萄球菌属）、Corynebacterium_1（棒状杆菌_1）等的相对丰度（P<0.05）。结论:共轭亚油酸可降低高脂饲料诱导肥胖大鼠的体重和脂质蓄积,其作用可能与调节大鼠肠道菌群组成有关。     

粉葛多糖改善金黄地鼠非酒精性脂肪肝及对肠道菌群的调节作用

目的 研究粉葛多糖对高脂饮食诱导的金黄地鼠非酒精性脂肪肝(nonalcoholicfattyliverdisease,NAFLD)的改善作用及与肠道菌群的关系。方法 金黄地鼠随机分为空白组、高脂模型组、粉葛多糖高剂量组(100 mg/kg)、粉葛多糖低剂量组(50 mg/kg)。15周后,测定肝脏质量、肝指数、血脂及脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)水平,肝脏及结肠切片苏木素-伊红染色,结肠内容物16S rRNA测序。结果 与高脂模型组相比,粉葛多糖显著降低了肝脏质量及肝指数,改善了总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,甘油三酯及LPS水平显著降低,可改善肠道屏障损伤及肝脏脂肪变性;在肠道菌群门水平上,粉葛多糖能降低肠源性LPS主要来源菌门Proteobacteria的相对丰度至0.05%,在属水平上,粉葛多糖能促进与肥胖呈负相关的Parabacteroides及与肠道黏膜修复相关的Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group富集。结论 粉葛多糖可能通过调节肠道菌群改善高脂饮食诱导的金黄地鼠NAFLD。     

石榴皮提取物改善肥胖大鼠糖、脂代谢紊乱的分子机制

目的:探讨高脂饮食诱发的大鼠肥胖对肝脏糖代谢的影响,揭示石榴皮提取物(EPP)改善肥胖大鼠糖、脂代谢紊乱的分子机制.方法:应用高脂饲料(D12451)和对照饲料(D12450H)分别饲养大鼠16周,复制肥胖动物模型.在造模的同时,灌胃大鼠3个剂量的EPP(50,100,200 mg/kg)进行干预.结果:高脂饲料喂养1...