汉菊公司积极参与2018国际功能性纺织品暨后整理技术峰会

正2018年7月18日,2018国际功能性纺织品暨后整理技术峰会在上海新国际会展中心开幕,400名行业大咖齐聚一堂,一同探讨学习功能性纺织品暨后整理的前沿技术(见图1)。上海汉菊新材料有限公司姚总在会上分享了《防蚊防螨在纺织品上应用及案例解析》(见图2)。报告中指出,随着气候变暖,蚊虫出现跨洲传播,蚊虫类疾病也呈向北迁移趋势,登革热等蚊虫类疾病时有爆发,导致人类的生存环境不断恶化。     

专利文献

一种防螨抗菌纤维素纤维；一种应用于金属加工业前处理除油脱脂的生物除油剂及其处理金属表面油污的方法；羧酸盐表面活性剂、其配方体系以及在三次采油中的应用；一种改良的香皂结构；水力缠结纺织品和在个人清洁用具中的用途；乳液除臭剂及其制备方法；新型的表面活性剂及其用途；黑色荧光油墨；液体洗涤剂组合物及其使用方法；液体洗涤剂组合物及其使用方法；含可熔融加工的氟聚合物和少量氟表面活性剂的氟聚合物水性分散液；自动加热美容产品；表面改性提高铂活性的方法。[编者按]     

防螨抗菌粘胶长丝的研制

自行开发的防螨抗菌剂与粘胶共混纺丝获得了既防螨又有抗菌功能的粘胶长丝。防螨抗菌粘胶长丝的可纺性良好，纤维的防螨性能驱避率达到100％，对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌24小时抑菌率达到99．7％。防螨抗菌粘胶长丝的物理机械性能指标符合GB／T13758—1992标准一等品标准。纤维安全可靠。防螨抗菌粘胶纤维为功能持久型纤维。     

基于微胶囊技术的抗菌防螨黏胶纤维及其性能

采用微胶囊技术制备植物中药抗菌防螨微胶囊,并与含有苦木成分的黏胶纺丝液共混纺丝,制得植物中药抗菌防螨黏胶纤维。采用显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪、同步热分析仪、单纤强力仪以及防螨抗菌测试方法,对植物中药抗菌防螨黏胶纤维的化学结构、热学性能、力学性能以及防螨抗菌性能进行了测试与分析。结果表明:制备得到的植物中药抗菌防螨微胶囊平均粒径约为1.5μm,植物中药抗菌防螨黏胶纤维与普通黏胶纤维特征基团基本一致,热分解温度比普通黏胶纤维低4℃,总吸收热量为134.1 J/g,纤维强力略有下降,抗菌、防螨性能好,符合纺织加工要求,是一种新型功能性纤维。     

新型防螨抗菌聚酯纤维的开发

以非溶出性、无机陶瓷防螨剂及太极石等原料制备微米级蓄热防螨陶瓷粉末,以硝酸银、氯化钠、偏钛酸等原料制备载银纳米二氧化钛复合抗菌粉体,进而制备蓄热防螨陶瓷母粒和载银纳米二氧化钛复合抗菌母粒,经共混纺丝得到防螨抗菌聚酯纤维。该纤维具备防螨、抗菌、促进新陈代谢、安全环保的特点。     

浅议我国功能性纺织品开发现状及发展趋势

对我国功能性纺织品的分类及开发现状进行了介绍,对功能性纺织品的制备方法进行了阐述,对功能性纺织品的最新进展及其发展趋势进行了展望。     

生态纺织品标准及检测

介绍了生态纺织品的基本概念、纺织品上有害物质的来源、危害及其检测方法和指标体系.以Oeko-TexStandard 100为例着重讨论了纺织品上残留甲醛、重金属、杀虫剂、防腐剂和染色载体等对人体及环境的危害,同时也简单介绍了目前有关这方面的常用检测方法.     

竹炭纤维及其纺织品的开发

介绍了竹炭纤维的开发和性能,讨论了竹炭纺织品的开发应用.研究表明:竹炭纤维及其纺织品是纳米技术在化纤及其纺织品实现功能化的应用,具有负离子发射、红外线发射、超强的吸附、吸湿透气、抗菌,紫外线屏蔽等多种功能,以满足人们对纺织品舒适、健康、环保和保健的功能性要求,而且对我国丰富的竹林资源进行深度开发和高效利用意义重大.同时指出,改善竹炭纤维及其纺织品的色泽是提高其服用范围的研究方向.     

磁纤维在纺织领域的应用

简述了纺织用磁纤维的基本概念及制备工艺,介绍了以磁纤维为原料的纺织品种类,并解释了该类纺织品所具有保健功效的原理,对现有的磁纤维及其纺织品的标准现状进行了分析,提出了存在的问题并给出了建议。     

磁纤维在纺织领域的应用

简述了纺织用磁纤维的基本概念及制备工艺,介绍了以磁纤维为原料的纺织品种类,并解释了该类纺织品所具有保健功效的原理,对现有的磁纤维及其纺织品的标准现状进行了分析,提出了存在的问题并给出了建议。     

Induction of Direct and Indirect Plant Responses by Jasmonic Acid, Low Spider Mite Densities, or a Combination of Jasmonic Acid Treatment and Spider Mite Infestation

Jasmonic acid (JA) and the octadecanoid pathway are involved in both induced direct and induced indirect plant responses. In this study, the herbivorous mite, Tetranychus urticae, and its predator, Phytoseiulus persimilis, were given a choice between Lima bean plants induced by JA or spider mites and uninduced control plants. Infestation densities resulting in the induction of predator attractants were much lower than thus far assumed, i.e., predatory mites were significantly attracted to plants that were infested for 2 days with only one or four spider mites per plant. Phytoseiulus persimilis showed a density-dependent response to volatiles from plants that were infested with different numbers of spider mites. Similarly, treating plants with increasing concentrations of JA also led to increased attraction of P. persimilis. Moreover, the duration of spider mite infestation was positively correlated with the proportion of predators that were attracted to mite-infested plants. A pretreatment of the plants with JA followed by a spider mite infestation enhanced the attraction of P. persimilis to plant volatiles compared to attraction to volatiles from plants that were only infested with spider mites and did not receive a pretreatment with JA. The herbivore, T. urticae preferred leaf tissue that previously had been infested with conspecifics to uninfested leaf tissue. In the case of choice tests with JA-induced and control leaf tissue, spider mites slightly preferred control leaf tissue. When spider mites were given a choice between leaf discs induced by JA and leaf discs damaged by spider mite feeding, they preferred the latter. The presence of herbivore induced chemicals and/or spider mite products enhanced settlement of the mites, whereas treatment with JA seemed to impede settlement.     

丁醚脲防治柑橘红蜘蛛的应用研究

通过2年4地的田间药效试验,研究了新型硫脲类杀虫杀螨剂丁醚脲防治柑橘红蜘蛛的应用技术。结果表明,50%丁醚脲可湿性粉剂在175～250 mg/kg剂量下对柑橘红蜘蛛的防效与调查时间有关,其1～7 d的防效呈上升趋势,10～15 d防效最佳,20～30 d防效开始下降。50%丁醚脲可湿性粉剂防治柑橘红蜘蛛推荐剂量为200～250 mg/kg,在发生始盛期施药,并因正温度系数的特性,需要在晴天施药。本文还探讨了丁醚脲的应用策略,为该药剂应用的深度开发提供有益参考。     

Tri-Trophic Level Impact of Host Plant Linamarin and Lotaustralin on <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Tetranychus urticae</Emphasis> and Its Predator <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Phytoseiulus persimilis</Emphasis>

The impact of linamarin and lotaustralin content in the leaves of lima beans, Phaseolus lunatus L., on the second and third trophic levels was studied in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), and its predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot. The content of linamarin was higher in terminal trifoliate leaves (435.5 ppm) than in primary leaves (142.1 ppm) of Henderson bush lima beans. However, linamarin concentrations were reversed at the second trophic level showing higher concentrations in spider mites feeding on primary leaves (429.8 ppm) than those feeding on terminal trifoliate leaves (298.2 ppm). Concentrations of linamarin in the predatory mites were 18.4 and 71.9 ppm when feeding on spider mites grown on primary and terminal leaves, respectively. The concentration of lotaustralin in primary lima bean leaves was 103.12 ppm, and in spider mites feeding on these leaves was 175.0 ppm. Lotaustralin was absent in lima bean terminal trifoliate leaves and in mites feeding on these leaves. Fecundity of spider mites feeding on lima bean leaves (primary or trifoliate) was not significantly different from mites feeding on red bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., primary leaves. However, the progeny sex ratio (in females per male) of spider mites feeding on lima bean leaves was significantly lower than progeny of spider mites feeding on red bean leaves (control). Fecundity and progeny sex ratio of P. persimilis were both significantly affected by the concentration of linamarin present in the prey. Changes in concentration of linamarin in living tissue across the three trophic levels are discussed.     

Herbivory induces systemic production of plant volatiles that attract predators of the herbivore: Extraction of endogenous elicitor

It was previously shown that in response to infestation by spider mites (Tetranychus urticae), lima bean plants produce a volatile herbivoreinduced synomone that attracts phytoseiid mites (Phytoseiulus persimilis) that are predators of the spider mites. The production of predator-attracting infochemicals was established to occur systemically throughout the spider mitein-fested plant. Here we describe the extraction of a water-soluble endogenous elicitor from spider mite-infested lima bean leaves. This elicitor was shown to be transported out of infested leaves and was collected in water in which the petiole of the infested leaf was placed. When the petioles of uninfested lima bean leaves were placed in water in which infested leaves had been present for the previous seven days, these uninfested lima bean leaves became highly attractive to predatory mites in an olfactometer when an appropriate control of uninfested lima bean leaves was offered as alternative. The strength of this effect was dependent on the number of spider mites infesting the elicitor-producing leaves. Higher numbers of spider mites resulted in an elicitor solution with a stronger effect. In addition, spider mite density was important. The elicitor obtained from one leaf with 50 spider mites had a stronger effect on the attractiveness of uninfested leaves than the elicitor obtained from three leaves with 17 spider mites each. This suggests that the stress intensity imposed on a plant is an important determinant of the elicitor quantity. While the elicitor has a strong effect on the attractiveness of uninfested leaves, spider mite-infested leaves are still much more attractive to predatory mites than elicitor-exposed leaves. The data are discussed in the context of systemic effects in plant defense and the biosynthesis of herbivore-induced terpenoids in plants.     

The Effect of Volatile Metabolites of Lipid Peroxidation on the Aggregation of Redlegged Earth Mites Halotydeus destructor (Acarina: Penthaleidae) on Damaged Cotyledons of Subterranean Clover

Redlegged earth mites (Halotydeus destructor) aggregated in larger numbers on cotyledons of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) previously damaged either by mite feeding or by mechanical injury than on undamaged cotyledons. This effect lasted for up to 7 days. The total volatile fractions derived from crushed cotyledons and its three major components, 2-(E)-hexenal, 1-octen-3-ol, and 1-octen-3-one, were tested for their effect on the aggregation of mites. Significantly more mites gathered on detached cotyledons treated with the metabolites at low concentrations than on controls, with 2-(E)-hexenal being the most effective. Mites were repelled by higher concentrations of the metabolites and 1-octen-3-one, the most active, killed mites at high concentrations. Fewer mites aggregated on DGI007 (resistant) than on Dalkeith (susceptible) cotyledons treated with droplets of the metabolites. The three volatile metabolites were recovered from the headspace of undamaged and of damaged cotyledons. Crushed cotyledons of Dalkeith produced higher levels of 2-(E)-hexenal and lower levels of 1-octen-3-one than undamaged cotyledons. The results suggest that damage-induced metabolites enhance the aggregation of redlegged earth mites at low concentrations and reduce aggregation at high concentrations.     

Predatory Mite Attraction to Herbivore-induced Plant Odors is not a Consequence of Attraction to Individual Herbivore-induced Plant Volatiles

Predatory mites locate herbivorous mites, their prey, by the aid of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV). These HIPV differ with plant and/or herbivore species, and it is not well understood how predators cope with this variation. We hypothesized that predators are attracted to specific compounds in HIPV, and that they can identify these compounds in odor mixtures not previously experienced. To test this, we assessed the olfactory response of Phytoseiulus persimilis, a predatory mite that preys on the highly polyphagous herbivore Tetranychus urticae. The responses of the predatory mite to a dilution series of each of 30 structurally different compounds were tested. They mites responded to most of these compounds, but usually in an aversive way. Individual HIPV were no more attractive (or less repellent) than out-group compounds, i.e., volatiles not induced in plants fed upon by spider-mites. Only three samples were significantly attractive to the mites: octan-1-ol, not involved in indirect defense, and cis-3-hexen-1-ol and methyl salicylate, which are both induced by herbivory, but not specific for the herbivore that infests the plant. Attraction to individual compounds was low compared to the full HIPV blend from Lima bean. These results indicate that individual HIPV have no a priori meaning to the mites. Hence, there is no reason why they could profit from an ability to identify individual compounds in odor mixtures. Subsequent experiments confirmed that naive predatory mites do not prefer tomato HIPV, which included the attractive compound methyl salicylate, over the odor of an uninfested bean. However, upon associating each of these odors with food over a period of 15 min, both are preferred. The memory to this association wanes within 24 hr. We conclude that P. persimilis possesses a limited ability to identify individual spider mite-induced plant volatiles in odor mixtures. We suggest that predatory mites instead learn to respond to prey-associated mixtures of volatiles and, thus, to odor blends as a whole.     

氟螨嗪对柑桔全爪螨的室内毒力试验

室内测定了氟螨嗪(Flumite200)对柑桔全爪螨的毒力，结果表明：氟螨嗪对室内用雌成螨产2d后的卵的毒力高于直接从桂花树采回叶片上的卵，其LC50值分别为11．0mg/L(有效成分，下同)和52．4mg／L，对幼、若螨和成螨的LC50值分别为35．6mg／L和6173mg／L。氟螨嗪对柑桔全爪螨具有较高的杀卵和杀幼、若螨活性，而对成螨活性很低，可以作为防治柑桔全爪螨的药剂。     

农业害螨的抗药性

农业害螨是农业生产的障碍之一。由于杀螨剂的长期使用甚至滥用,许多害螨已对杀螨剂产生了抗药性。本文就农业害螨抗药性问题的主要方面包括抗药性的水平、抗药性的测定方法、抗药性的机理、抗药性的遗传方式和抗药性综合治理等的研究进展进行了论述。     

Genetic Variation in Jasmonic Acid- and Spider Mite-Induced Plant Volatile Emission of Cucumber Accessions and Attraction of the Predator <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytoseiulus persimilis</Emphasis>

Cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) respond to spider–mite (Tetranychus urticae) damage with the release of specific volatiles that are exploited by predatory mites, the natural enemies of the spider mites, to locate their prey. The production of volatiles also can be induced by exposing plants to the plant hormone jasmonic acid. We analyzed volatile emissions from 15 cucumber accessions upon herbivory by spider mites and upon exposure to jasmonic acid using gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. Upon induction, cucumber plants emitted over 24 different compounds, and the blend of induced volatiles consisted predominantly of terpenoids. The total amount of volatiles was higher in plants treated with jasmonic acid than in those infested with spider mites, with (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (E,E)-α-farnesene, and (E)-β-ocimene as the most abundant compounds in all accessions in both treatments. Significant variation among the accessions was found for the 24 major volatile compounds. The accessions differed strongly in total amount of volatiles emitted, and displayed very different odor profiles. Principal component analysis performed on the relative quantities of particular compounds within the blend revealed clusters of highly correlated volatiles, which is suggestive of common metabolic pathways. A number of cucumber accessions also were tested for their attractiveness to Phytoseiulus persimilis, a specialist predator of spider mites. Differences in the attraction of predatory mites by the various accessions correlated to differences in the individual chemical profiles of these accessions. The presence of genetic variation in induced plant volatile emission in cucumber shows that it is possible to breed for cucumber varieties that are more attractive to predatory mites and other biological control agents.     

Identification and biosynthesis of an aggregation pheromone of the storage mite Chortoglyphus arcuatus

In an effort to identify new pheromones from mites, the headspace of undisturbed colonies of the storage mite Chortoglyphus arcuatus was analyzed by GC-MS by use of a closed-loop stripping apparatus (CLSA) or solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The major compound emitted from the mites is (4R,6R,8R)-4,6,8-trimethyldecan-2-one (4R,6R,8R-8). The structure was elucidated by analysis of the mass spectrum, synthesis of authentic samples, and gas chromatography on a chiral phase. Bioassays show that this compound, for which we propose the trivial name chortolure, is an aggregation pheromone for both sexes of this species. Several related compounds are released in smaller amounts by the mites. The alarm pheromones of these mites, neral and geranial, can only be found in total extracts of the mites, in which 8 occurs only in minute amounts. The method of sampling is therefore crucial for pheromone identification. Feeding experiments with deuterated propionate showed that chortolure is a polyketide, formed by successive addition of four propionate units to an acetate starter.