嵌入a-Si:H薄层的μc-Si/c-Si pn异质结太阳能电池热平衡态特性的数值模拟分析

应用计算机数值模拟方法计算p+(μc-Si:H)/n(c-Si)及p+(μc-Si:H)/i(a-Si:H)/n(c-Si)异质结太阳能电池中的电场强度分布,说明μc-Si/c-Si异质结电池制造中μc-Si:H膜厚选择,进而对嵌入a-Si:H薄层的μc-Si/c-Si异质结太阳能电池设计进行分析,包括a-Si:H薄层p型掺杂效应及本底单晶硅的电阻率选择,最后讨论μc-Si/c-Si异质结太阳能电池稳定性.     

a-SiC/c-Si异质结太阳能电池设计分析

通过应用Scharfetter-Gummel解法数值求解Poisson方程,对热平衡态a-SiC/c-Si异质结太阳能电池进行计算机数值模拟,详细分析不同制备条件下a-SiC/c-Si异质结太阳能电池的能带结构和电池中电场强度分布,指出采用更薄p+(a-SiC∶H)薄膜和在pn异质结嵌入i(a-Si∶H)缓冲薄层设计能有效增强光生载流子的传输与收集,从而提高a-SiC/c-Si异质结太阳能电池的性能,而高强度光照射下模拟计算表明,a-SiC/c-Si异质结太阳能电池具有较高光稳定性.     

a-SiC/c-Si异质结太阳能电池设计分析

通过应用Scharfetter-Gummel解法数值求解Poisson方程,对热平衡态a-SiC/c-Si异质结太阳能电池进行计算机数值模拟,详细分析不同制备条件下a-SiC/c-Si异质结太阳能电池的能带结构和电池中电场强度分布,指出采用更薄p+(a-SiC∶H)薄膜和在pn异质结嵌入i(a-Si∶H)缓冲薄层设计能有效增强光生载流子的传输与收集,从而提高a-SiC/c-Si异质结太阳能电池的性能,而高强度光照射下模拟计算表明,a-SiC/c-Si异质结太阳能电池具有较高光稳定性.     

异质结硅太阳能电池a—Si：H薄膜的研究

通过应用Scharfetter-Gummel数值求解Poisson方程，对热平衡态P^ （a-Si:H)/n(c-Si)异质结太阳能电池进行计算机数值模拟分析。结果指出，采用更薄P^ (a-Si：H）薄膜设计能有效增强光生载流子的传输与收集，从而提高a-Si/c-Si异质结太阳能电池的性能。同时，还讨论了P^ (a-Si:h)薄膜中P型掺杂浓度对光生载流了传输与收集的影响。高强茺光照射下模拟，计算表明，a-Si/c-Si异质结结构太阳能电池具有较高光稳定性。     

透明导电氧化膜的功函数对 μc-Si:H(n)/c-Si(p)异质结太阳能电池性能影响的数值模拟

用AFORS-HET软件分析了透明导电氧化膜(Transparent Conductive Oxide,TCO)的功函数对μc-Si∶H(n)/c-Si(p)异质结太阳能电池性能的影响.模拟结果表明,透明导电氧化膜的功函数会强烈影响太阳能电池的性能如Voc和FF.当透明导电氧化膜的功函数在TCO/μc-Si∶H(n)界面小于4.4 eV、μc-Si∶H(n)发射层的厚度为6 nm,透明导电氧化膜的功函数在μc-Si∶H(p+)/TCO界面大于5.2 eV且透明导电氧化膜为ZnO时,模拟的具有纹理结构的TCO/μc-Si∶H(n)/a-Si∶H(i)/c-Si(p)/a-Si∶H(i)/μc-Si∶H (p+)/TCO太阳能电池的转换效率达到了23.78％(Voc:758.6 mV,Jsc:40.94mA/cm2,FF:76.58％).这表明μc-Si∶H(n)/c-Si(p)异质结太阳能电池的性能与透明导电氧化膜的功函数紧密相关,通过透明导电氧化膜的功函数可以提高太阳能电池的效率.     

引入微晶硅底电池的PIN型三结Si基薄膜太阳电池的制备

为充分利用太阳光谱能量,在玻璃衬底的PIN型a-Si/a-SiGe电池中直接引入了微晶硅(μc-Si:H)底电池.从透明导电氧化物(TCO)衬底的光透过率估算了PIN型a-Si:H/a-SiGe:H/μc-Si:H三结电池实现高转化效率的可行性.通过调整μc-Si:H底电池厚度考察三结电池的性能变化,结果发现,受中间电...     

β-FeSi2(n)/a-Si(i)/c-Si(p)/μc-Si(p+)异质结太阳能电池模拟与优化

运用AFORS-HET软件对β-FeSi2(n)/a-Si(i)/c-Si(p)/μc-Si(p+) HIT型异质结太阳能电池的性能进行了模拟,并对各层参数进行了优化。模拟结果表明,在FeSi2(n) /c-Si(p)结构上加上本征层和背场,能显著地提高电池的性能。加入缺陷并优化各项参数后,电池的最后参数为VOC=647.7 mV, JSC=42.29 mA·cm-2, FF=75.32%, EFF=20.63%, β-FeSi2(n) /c-Si(p)太阳能电池的效率提高了2.3%。     

高效率n-nc-Si∶H/p-c-Si异质结太阳能电池

采用热丝化学气相沉积技术(HWCVD),系统地研究了纳米晶硅层(尤其是本征缓冲层)的晶化度以及晶体硅表面氢处理时间对nc-Si∶H/c-Si异质结太阳能电池性能的影响,通过C-V和C-F测试分析了不同氢处理时间和本征缓冲层氢稀释度对nc-Si∶H/c-Si界面缺陷态的影响,运用高分辨透射电镜观察了不同的本征缓冲层晶化度的nc-Si∶H/c-Si异质结太阳能电池的界面,优化工艺参数,在p型CZ晶体硅衬底上制备出转换效率为17.27%的n-nc-Si∶H/i-nc-Si∶H/p-c-Si异质结电池.     

高效率n-nc-Si:H/p-c-Si异质结太阳能电池

采用热丝化学气相沉积技术(HWCVD),系统地研究了纳米晶硅层(尤其是本征缓冲层)的晶化度以及晶体硅表面氢处理时间对nc-Si∶H/c-Si异质结太阳能电池性能的影响,通过C-V和C-F测试分析了不同氢处理时间和本征缓冲层氢稀释度对nc-Si∶H/c-Si界面缺陷态的影响,运用高分辨透射电镜观察了不同的本征缓冲层晶化度的nc-Si∶H/c-Si异质结太阳能电池的界面,优化工艺参数,在p型CZ晶体硅衬底上制备出转换效率为17.27%的n-nc-Si∶H/i-nc-Si∶H/p-c-Si异质结电池.     

P型硅衬底异质结太阳电池的优化设计

采用Afors-het软件模拟分析了结构为TCO/a-Si:H(n)/a-Si:H(i)/c-Si(p)/a-Si:H(p+)/Ag的p型硅衬底异质结太阳电池的性能,研究了各层厚度、带隙、掺杂浓度以及界面态密度等结构参数和物理参数对电池性能的影响。通过模拟优化,结合理论分析和实际工艺,得到合适的各结构参数取值。采用厚度薄且掺杂高的窗口层,嵌入本征层以钝化异质结界面缺陷,合理利用背场对于少子的背反作用,获得了较佳的太阳电池综合性能:开路电压Voc为678.9mV、短路电流密度Jsc为38.33mA/cm2、填充因子FF为84.05%、转换效率η为21.87%。     

a-Si/c-Si异质结结构太阳能电池设计分析

通过应用 Scharfetter- Gum mel解法数值求解 Poisson方程 ,对热平衡态 a- Si/ c- Si异质结太阳能电池进行计算机数值模拟分析 ,着重阐述在 a- Si/ c- Si异质结太阳能电池中嵌入 i( a- Si:H)缓冲薄层的作用 ,指出采用嵌入 i( a- Si:H )缓冲薄层设计能有效增强光生载流子的传输与收集 ,从而提高 a- Si/ c- Si异质结太阳能电池的性能 ,同时还讨论 p+ ( a- Si:H)薄膜厚度和 p型掺杂浓度对光生载流子传输与收集的影响 ,而高强度光照射下模拟计算表明 ,a- Si/ c- Si异质结结构太阳能电池具有较高光稳定性     

Simulation and optimization of dopant-free asymmetric heterojunction solar cells

In order to further study doping-free asymmetric heterojunction (DASH) solar cells, we used AFORS-HET software to optimize the structure of Al/SnO2/a-Si:H (i)/c-Si (p)/a-Si:H (i)/NiOx/Ag. In a certain adjustment range, a series of simulations were carried out on the band gap, electron affinity, thickness and work function (WF) of NiOx, thickness and WF of SnO2, and the thickness of a-Si:H (i). After the above optimization, 21.08% efficiency was obtained at 300 K. This study shows that the solar cells with this structure have good light absorption properties in a very wide spectrum. The present simulation provides instructive suggestions for follow-up experiments of DASH solar cells.     

Enhancing the Selectivity and Transparency of the Electron Contact in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells by Phosphorus Catalytic Doping

An intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H(i)) film and a doped silicon film are usually combined in the heterojunction contacts of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. In this work, a post-doping process called catalytic doping (Cat-doping) on a-Si:H(i) is performed on the electron selective side of SHJ solar cells, which enables a device architecture that eliminates the additional deposition of the doped silicon layer. Thus, a single phosphorus Cat-doping layer combines the functions of two other layers by enabling excellent interface passivation and high carrier selectivity. The overall thinner layer on the window side results in higher spectral response at short wavelengths, leading to an improved short-circuit current density of 40.31 mA cm⁻² and an efficiency of 23.65% (certified). The cell efficiency is currently limited by sputter damage from the subsequent transparent conductive oxide fabrication and low carrier activation in the a-Si:H(i) with Cat-doping. Numerical device simulations show that the a-Si:H(i) with Cat-doping can provide sufficient field effect passivation even at lower active carrier concentrations compared to the as-deposited doped layer, due to the lower defect density.     

Performance of bifacial HIT solar cells on n-type silicon substrates

The performance of amorphous silicon(a-Si:H) /crystalline silicon(c-Si) heterojunction is studied,and the effects of the emitter layer thickness,doping concentration,intrinsic layer thickness,back heavily-doped n layer,interface state and band offset on the optical and electrical performance of bifacial heterojunction with intrinsic thin-layer(HIT) solar cells on ntype silicon substrates are discussed.It is found that the HIT solar cells on n-type substrates can obtain a higher conversion efficiency than th...     

Influence of absorber doping in a-SiC：H/a-Si：H/a-SiGe：H solar cells

This work deals with the design evaluation and influence of absorber doping for a-Si:H/a-SiC:H/a-SiGe:H based thin-film solar cells using a two-dimensional computer aided design (TCAD) tool. Various physical parameters of the layered structure, such as doping and thickness of the absorber layer, have been studied. For reliable device simulation with realistic predictability, the device performance is evaluated by implementing necessary models (e.g., surface recombinations, thermionic field emission tunneling model for carrier transport at the heterojunction, Schokley-Read Hall recombination model, Auger recombination model, bandgap narrowing effects, doping and temperature dependent mobility model and using Fermi-Dirac statistics). A single absorber with a graded design gives an efficiency of 10.1% for 800 nm thick multiband absorption. Similarly, a tandem design shows an efficiency of 10.4% with a total absorber of thickness of 800 nm at a bandgap of 1.75 eV and 1.0 eV for the top a-Si and bottom a-SiGe component cells. A moderate n-doping in the absorber helps to improve the efficiency while p doping in the absorber degrades efficiency due to a decrease in the V_OC (and fill factor) of the device.     

Carrier Transport Enhancement Mechanism in Highly Efficient Antimony Selenide Thin-Film Solar Cell

Exhibiting outstanding optoelectronic properties, antimony selenide (Sb₂Se₃) has attracted considerable interest and has been developed as a light absorber layer for thin-film solar cells over the decade. However, current state-of-the-art Sb₂Se₃ devices suffer from unsatisfactory “cliff-like” band alignment and severe interface recombination loss, which deteriorates device performance. In this study, the heterojunction interface of an Sb₂Se₃ solar cell is improved by introducing effective aluminum (Al³⁺) cation into the CdS buffer layer. Then, the energy band alignment of Sb₂Se₃/CdS:Al heterojunction is modified from a “cliff-like” structure to a “spike-like” structure. Finally, heterojunction interface engineering suppresses recombination losses and strengthens carrier transport, resulting in a high efficiency of 8.41% for the substrate-structured Sb₂Se₃ solar cell. This study proposes a facile strategy for interfacial treatment and elucidates the related carrier transport enhancement mechanism, paving a bright avenue to overcome the efficiency bottleneck of Sb₂Se₃ thin-film solar cells.     

Research on ZnO/Si heterojunction solar cells

We put forward an n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction solar cell model based on AFORS-HET simulations and provide experimental support in this article. ZnO:B (B-doped ZnO) thin films deposited by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) are planned to act as electrical emitter layer on p-type c-Si substrate for photovoltaic applications. We investigate the effects of thickness, buffer layer, ZnO:B affinity and work function of electrodes on performances of solar cells through computer simulations using AFORS-HET software package. The energy conversion efficiency of the ZnO:B(n)/ZnO/c-Si(p) solar cell can achieve 17.16% (V_oc: 675.8 mV, J_sc:30.24 mA/cm², FF: 83.96%) via simulation. On a basis of optimized conditions in simulation, we carry out some experiments, which testify that the ZnO buffer layer of 20 nm contributes to improving performances of solar cells. The influences of growth temperature, thickness and diborane (B₂H₆) flow rates are also discussed. We achieve an appropriate condition for the fabrication of the solar cells using the MOCVD technique. The obtained conversion efficiency reaches 2.82% (V_oc: 294.4 mV, J_sc: 26.108 mA/cm², FF: 36.66%).     

Current transport studies of amorphous n/p junctions and its application in a‐Si:H/HIT‐type tandem cells

This paper presents an understanding of the fundamental carrier transport mechanism in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H)‐based n/p junctions. These n/p junctions are, then, used as tunneling and recombination junctions (TRJ) in tandem solar cells, which were constructed by stacking the a‐Si:H‐based solar cell on the heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) cell. First, the effect of activation energy (E_a) and Urbach parameter (E_u) of n‐type hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H(n)) on current transport in an a‐Si:H‐based n/p TRJ has been investigated. The photoluminescence spectra and temperature‐dependent current–voltage characteristics in dark condition indicates that the tunneling is the dominant carrier transport mechanism in our a‐Si:H‐based n/p‐type TRJ. The fabrication of a tandem cell structure consists of an a‐Si:H‐based top cell and an HIT‐type bottom cell with the a‐Si:H‐based n/p junction developed as a TRJ in between. The development of a‐Si:H‐based n/p junction as a TRJ leads to an improved a‐Si:H/HIT‐type tandem cell with a better open circuit voltage (V_oc), fill factor (FF), and efficiency. The improvements in the cell performance was attributed to the wider band‐tail states in the a‐Si:H(n) layer that helps to an enhanced tunneling and recombination process in the TRJ. The best photovoltage parameters of the tandem cell were found to be V_oc = 1430 mV, short circuit current density = 10.51 mA/cm², FF = 0.65, and efficiency = 9.75%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Role of dual SiOx: H based buffer at the p/i interface on the performance of single junction microcrystalline solar cells

In p-i-n structure a-Si solar cell a buffer layer with proper characteristics plays important role in improving the p/i interface of the cell, reducing mismatch of band gaps and number of recombination centres. However for p-i-n structure microcrystalline ( µc-Si: H) cell which has much less light induced degradation than a-Si:H cell, not much work has been done on development of proper buffer layer and its application to µc-Si:H cell. In this paper we have reported the development of two intrinsic oxide based microcrystalline layer having different characteristics for use as buffer layers at the p/i interface of µc-Si:H cell. Previously SiO_x:H buffer layer has been used at the p/i interface which showed positive effects. To explore the possibility of improving the performance of p-i-n structure µc-Si:H cell further we have thought it interesting to use two buffer layers with different characteristics at the p/i interface. The two buffer layers have been characterized in detail and applied at the p/i interface of the µc-Si:H cell with positive effects on all the PV parameters mainly improves the open circuit voltage (V_oc) and enhances short circuit current (I_sc). The maximum initial efficiency obtained is 8.97% with dual buffer which is 6.7% higher than that obtained by using conventional single buffer layer at the p/i interface. Stabilized efficiency of the cell with dual buffer is found to be ~9.5% higher than that with single buffer after 600 h of light soakings.