相控阵技术在爆炸焊接钛/钢复合板检测中的应用

国内某化工项目使用爆炸焊接钛/钢复合板,除了对结合性能有高于标准要求的指标外,对界面结合的均匀性也提出要求。目前,对界面结合均匀性的判定采用常规的超声脉冲回波法难以实现,采用常规超声C扫检测速度较慢,无法满足大批量的生产进度要求。国内首次将相控阵技术应用到爆炸焊接层状金属复合板产品检测和验收中。相控阵检测通过电子扫查技术,大大提升了检测效率,同时结合C扫描像,使得爆炸焊接钛/钢复合板界面波纹的辨别与判定分析变得清晰直观,并与结合性能有一定的对应关系。     

Ti/TiAl复合板大压下率热轧复合行为及组织性能研究

采用大压下率包套热轧法成功制备了界面无缺陷的Ti-6Al-4V(质量分数,%)/Ti-43Al-3V-2Cr(原子分数,%)复合板,并对复合板的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,界面区域无明显缺陷,成功避免了Kirkendall现象。复合板界面厚度约为230μm,根据相组成不同,可将界面分为2个区域,其中1区域为近Ti-6Al-4V合金界面处,主要由α/α₂+β/B2组成;界面2区域为近TiAl合金界面处,主要由α/α2+β/B2+γ组成。界面区域组织是由于Ti-6Al-4V合金中Ti元素扩散到TiAl合金层以及TiAl层的Al和Cr元素扩散到Ti-6Al-4V合金层所致。测试了复合板的界面维氏硬度和不同加载方式的三点抗弯强度。结果表明,界面1区域具有最高的显微硬度,横向试件垂直表面加载时复合板表现出最佳的抗弯能力,抗弯强度达到1150.82 MPa。基体和界面区域均为脆性断裂,界面结合处未发生断裂。     

钛-钢爆炸复合板热处理过程中的扩散行为及数学模型

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、俄歇电子能谱分析仪和拉剪实验,研究了不同的热处理加热温度和保温时间对钛-钢爆炸复合板界面组织特征和性能的影响。热处理温度为750、850、950℃,保温时间为30、60、120 min。结果表明:热处理过程加速了组织转变和界面元素扩散。界面元素扩散主要形成的化合物为Ti C和Ti-Fe金属间化合物(Fe2Ti/Fe Ti)。随着温度的升高,界面扩散层厚度增加,复合板剪切强度下降。根据实验数据,提出了界面扩散层厚度和剪切强度与加热温度和保温时间的函数关系。     

Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al5052/Mg-9.5Li-2Al Alloy Clad Plates

通过冷轧制备出了Al5052/Mg-9.5Li-2Al合金复合板,研究了复合板退火后的组织与力学性能。结果表明:退火后复合板的结合界面上没有出现类似裂纹或孔洞的缺陷。经623或623 K以上的温度退火后,合金复合的界面形成反应相。Mg-9.5Li-2Al板和Al5052板之间结合界面处的主要反应相依次为α-Mg+β-Li相、Mg17Al12相、Li-dissolved Al3Mg2相和α-Al。在一定温度范围内,随退火温度的升高,界面结合强度逐渐增加。当退火温度为623 K时,复合板的结合强度达到最大值17.83 MPa,而且具有良好的塑性,延伸率达到18.7%,另外,界面未出现剥离现象。当退火温度为673 K时,覆板的拉伸性能由于界面剥离而恶化。     

温轧路径对钛/钢爆炸复合板抗剪切强度的影响

对爆炸复合的钛/钢复合板进行了一道次60%的温轧,研究了一道次温轧钛/钢爆炸复合板的近界面微观组织及剪切强度。结果显示,一道次温轧工艺可以引起钛层和钢层近界面组织的显著剪切变形。由于剪切变形,钛层形成了RD分散织构。钢层含有高组份的旋转立方织构及低组份的γ纤维织构。对比常规多道次轧制方法,由于剪切变形可细化界面化合物,使得一道次温轧钛/钢复合板抗剪切强度得到提升。     

钛铝复合板热加工图及热轧实验

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机进行高温等温压缩实验,研究了爆炸焊接钛铝复合板在变形温度为300～500℃、应变速率为0.1～10 s-1条件下的热变形行为,利用动态材料模型构建了钛铝复合板热加工图,并基于热加工图进行了钛铝复合板热轧工艺验证实验.结果 表明:钛铝复合板属于正应变速率敏感材料;在热加工图中变形温...     

钛钢复合板端面冷喷涂钛涂层的制备及性能研究

目的 改善钛钢复合板端面部位的服役性能。方法 采用冷喷涂技术在钛钢复合板端面制备了钛金属涂层。通过X射线衍射分析、热场发射扫描分析、能谱分析、维氏硬度测试、结合力试验、摩擦磨损试验、电化学测试和盐雾试验等手段,研究了冷喷涂过程中,送粉气体压力和温度对钛涂层的组织结构、显微硬度、耐磨性能、结合力和耐蚀性能的影响规律,以获得综合性能优异的钛涂层。结果 冷喷涂钛涂层具有良好的耐磨性能,送粉气体压力增大和温度升高可提高涂层的致密度,降低涂层孔隙率并提高涂层的显微硬度,改善涂层与基体间的结合强度。能谱分析和X射线衍射仪分析表明,涂层主要成分为Ti且与基体间的界面清晰,元素互相扩散现象不明显。送粉气体压力为5MPa、送粉温度为900℃时,所制备的钛涂层的极化电阻最大。各涂层经过1 000 h中性盐雾加速腐蚀试验后表面依旧完整,未发生明显的腐蚀,这表明涂层为基体提供了有效的腐蚀屏障,提高了钛钢复合板的耐腐蚀性能。结论 采用冷喷涂技术制备的钛涂层可有效提高钛钢复合板在海洋环境中的服役性能。     

非对称因素对热轧纯钛中厚板出口楔形的影响

针对纯钛中厚板热轧过程中可能出现的轧件断面楔形问题,结合四辊轧机设备和工艺的非对称特点,基于影响函数法建立双悬臂梁辊系弹性变形模型,研究对中误差、机架刚度差、坯料楔形、横向温差等非对称因素对轧件断面楔形的影响。结果表明对中误差、机架刚度差、横向温差对出口楔形的影响随着板宽和压下量的增大而增大,入口楔形对出口楔形的影响随着板宽增大和压下量的减小而增大。     

板厚对Ti60钛合金电子束焊接头显微组织及力学性能的影响

研究了不同厚度Ti60钛合金板材电子束焊接接头的显微组织与力学性能。研究结果表明,不同厚度Ti60合金板材的焊接接头均由熔合区、热影响区和母材区组成,熔合区由粗大的柱状晶组成。板材厚度对柱状晶内部显微组织影响很小,不同厚度的板材熔合区柱状晶内的显微组织相似,均由细小的片层α相和少量β相组成,不同厚度的板材电子束焊接接头熔合区均具有较高的硬度和强度。700℃焊后热处理会使熔合区α相的边界处析出大量的硅化物。     

终轧温度对回温轧制低碳钢中厚板组织和性能的影响

实验研究了在回温轧制工艺下不同终轧温度对低碳钢中厚板组织性能的影响.结果表明,在不同终轧温度下试样表层和芯部组织均存在明显差异;随着终轧温度的降低,试样的强度升高,伸长率降低.终轧温度为750℃时,试样表层为超细晶组织且综合性能较好.     

Influences of Asymmetric Reduction Rolling on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ91

The influence of asymmetric reduction rolling(ARR) on the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of AZ91 was investigated. The microstructural characteristics of the AZ91 sheet processed by symmetric rolling(SR) were the twins, intersection of twins and dynamic recrystalization(DRX) grains around the coarse grains and within the twins.However, the amount of twins and DRX grains in ARRed AZ91 was much smaller than that in SRed AZ91. The SRed AZ91 after annealing exhibited fine DRX grains and some coarse grains with a size of * 100 lm. The grains in ARRed AZ91 after annealing were much finer and more homogeneous than those in SRed AZ91 after annealing. The intensity of basal texture of ARRed AZ91 after annealing was lower than that of SRed AZ91 rolling after annealing. The average Schmid factor of ARRed AZ91 is 0.34, which is higher than that of SRed AZ91. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the ARRed AZ91 sheet were increased to 16.1% and 31.8% compared to SRed AZ91 sheet, from 155 to180 MPa, and from 220 to 290 MPa, respectively. The improvement of mechanical properties in ARRed AZ91 after annealing was attributed to much finer, more homogeneous DRX grains and weaker basal texture.     

Effect of Interlayers on Microstructure and Properties of 2205/Q235B Duplex Stainless Steel Clad Plate

In this research,2205/Q235 B clad plates were prepared by a vacuum hot rolling composite process.The effects of adding Fe,Ni,and Nb interlayers on the bonding interface structures and the shear strengths of the clad steel plates were studied.The results showed that 2205 duplex stainless steel and the three interlayers produced a large amount of plastic deformation and low-angle boundaries,and the main structures were the recrystallized and deformed grains.There were many recrystallized grains in the microstructure of the Q235 B low-carbon steel due to the low deformation in the rolling process.The Fe interlayer had better wettability with the two kinds of steel,but the lower strength led to the reduction of shear strength by about14 MPa compared with the original clad steel plate.The C element in the Q235 B low-carbon steel easily diffused into the Fe interlayer,and the clad steel plate attained a poor corrosion resistance because a large decarburization area was formed.The Nb interlayer reacted with the Mo element in the 2205 duplex stainless steel to form an Nb-Mo binary alloy,which generated long-banded ferrite.The decarburization area was also produced because the Nb reacted with the C element in the Q235 B to form hard and brittle NbCx.As a result,the shear strength was significantly reduced by about 282 MPa,and the corrosion resistance of the bonding surface was deteriorated.The Ni interlayer did not react with the alloy elements in both sides,and therefore effectively prevented element diffusion and improved the corrosion resistance of the bonding surface.Due to the low strength of the Ni interlayer and the increased number of bonding surfaces of the clad steel plates,the shear strength was reduced to some extent(about 40 MPa),but it still met the engineering application standards.     

开坯轧制和热处理制度对Ti一15—3合金板材性能的影响

研究了Ti一15—3合金板材的加工工艺和热处理工艺及其对板材组织性能的影响。结果表明：Ti．15．3板坯开坯轧制采用900℃～1000℃换向轧制可使热变形在较好条件下完成，提高一次加工率，并获得良好的轧制表面；经800℃，(5～10)min，AC固溶处理和550℃，(5～10)h，AC时效处理的板材可获得较高强度及良好的塑性。     

Influence of Cold Rolling Reduction on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TWIP Steel

The influence of cold rolling reduction on microstructure and mechanical properties of the TWIP (ttwinning induced plasticity) steel was investigated. The results indicated that the steel had better comprehensive mechanical properties when cold rolling reduction was about 65.0% and the annealing temperature was 1000℃. The tensile strength of the steel is about 640MPa and the yield strength is higher than 255MPa, while the elongation is above 82%. The microstructure is composed of austenitic matrix and annealing twins at room temperature, at the same time, a significant amount of annealing twins and stacking faults are observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical twins play a dominant role during deformation, and result in excellent mechanical properties.     

Enhanced Surface Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Evolution of Commercial Pure Titanium Under Electropulsing-Assisted Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process

The effects of electropulsing-assisted ultrasonic surface rolling process on surface mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of commercial pure titanium were investigated. It was found that the surface mechanical properties were significantly enhanced compared to traditional ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP), leading to smaller surface roughness and smoother morphology with fewer cracks and defects. Moreover, surface strengthened layer was remarkably enhanced with deeper severe plastic deformation layer and higher surface hardness. Remarkable enhancements of surface mechanical properties may be related to the gradient refined microstructure, the enhanced severe plastic deformation layer and the accelerated formation of sub-boundaries and twins induced by coupling effects of USRP and electropulsing. The primary intrinsic reasons for these improvements may be attributed to the thermal and athermal effects caused by electropulsing treatment, which would accelerate dislocation mobility and atom diffusion.     

Effect of Titanium Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Tungsten-Titanium Alloy

采用粉末冶金方法制备了4种钛含量分别为0.5%,1.0%,1.5%和2.0%的新型钨钛合金,分析了钛含量对钨钛合金微观组织以及高应变率加载条件下的动态力学性能的影响机理。结果表明,钛颗粒以不同形貌分布于钨合金的镍铁粘结相中,钛颗粒直径是影响钛颗粒微观形貌的主要因素。当钛颗粒直径大于20μm时,钛颗粒中存在大量微观孔洞。钛颗粒在粉末冶金液相烧结过程中没有发生熔化以及溶解现象,但与钨颗粒和粘结相的界面结合较好。霍普金森压杆动态压缩实验结果表明,当动态加载应变率为3700s-1时,钛含量为0.5%的钨钛合金具有较高的动态压缩屈服强度,而当钛含量由1.0%增加到2.0%时,动态压缩屈服强度减小趋势减缓。钛含量为2.0%的钨钛合金在高应变率加载条件下,在于轴向成45°方向上出现绝热剪切带。在绝热剪切带内部,钛颗粒发生伸长变形并且钛颗粒中的微观孔洞相互连接导致钛颗粒碎化。由于钛具有较低的导热率,与钛相连的钨颗粒热软化区温度身高幅度要高于常规钨-镍-铁合金,热软化效应加剧导致钛元素的加入以及含量的增加提高了钨合金的绝热剪切敏感性。     

爆炸喷涂工艺参数对AlCuFeSc准晶涂层力学性能的影响

目的 研究爆炸喷涂工艺参数对AlCuFeSc准晶涂层力学性能的影响规律,进一步提升铝合金表面AlCuFeSc准晶涂层的性能。方法 采用爆炸喷涂工艺制备准晶涂层,以正交试验方法对爆炸喷涂氧燃充枪比、喷涂距离、喷涂频率3个影响涂层性能的关键参数进行优化。借助显微硬度计、拉力试验机研究涂层的力学性能。采用SEM、XRD、EDS等手段表征粉末及涂层的微观物相结构。结果 在试验参数范围内,以涂层的表面硬度和结合强度性能为主要判定指标,各因素对涂层性能的影响从大到小依次为氧燃充枪比、喷涂距离、喷涂频率。综合考量涂层表面硬度和结合强度2个指标,得到了AlCuFeSc涂层的最佳制备工艺,氧燃充枪比为56%,喷涂距离为210 mm,喷涂频率为1次/s。在该最佳工艺参数下制备的准晶涂层致密且与铝合金基体结合良好,涂层表面硬度为583.4HV0.3,结合强度为63.24 MPa,孔隙率为0.648%,准晶相的含量为69%。结论 采用最佳工艺参数制备的AlCuFeSc准晶涂层相较于非最佳工艺参数喷涂涂层,其性能得到较大提高,可为未来准晶涂层的应用提供参考。     

显微组织对一种新型高强β钛合金力学性能的影响

本文研究了两种不同显微组织对一种新型Ti-Al-Cr-Mo-W系高强、高韧β钛合金的性能的影响。研究结果表明,相变点之下固溶时效处理得到的含有等轴或短棒状初生α、细小片层次生α的混合组织的强度超过1400MPa ,断裂韧性达到50.7 Mpa.m1/2.,该性能表明合金与同类高强钛合金相比具有更优异的强-韧性匹配。β区固溶缓冷处理得到的魏氏组织相比于混合组织具有较低的强度和较高的韧性。     

终轧温度对GH4033合金棒材组织和性能的影响

GH4033合金是一种时效硬化镍基高温合金,以往其棒材采用横列式轧机轧制,产品质量不稳定。宝钢特种材料有限公司采用引进的高合金钢连轧机组轧制GH4033合金棒材,克服了横列式轧机的缺点,研究表明,将连轧机的轧制速度调整至2．0～2．2m／s能使GH4033合金棒材的终轧温度控制在960～980℃,棒材的组织和力学性能达到要求。     

轧制温度及冷却速度对T700组织性能的影响研究

通过热模拟试验研究了轧制温度及冷却速度对T700高强结构钢组织转变的影响.结果表明,当终轧温度为890℃时,组织中粒状贝氏体的数量最多,且M/A岛的尺寸也较细小,强度最高;轧后冷却速度对钢的组织性能产生影响,较大的轧后冷却速度是得到所需粒状贝氏体必不可少的条件.