规则多孔铜的拉伸性能及其各向异性

采用固-气共晶定向凝固的方法制备规则多孔铜,研究其室温拉伸性能的各向异性和气孔率对拉伸力学性能的影响,建立表征抗拉强度与气孔率和拉伸方向相关的数学模型.结果表明:规则多孔铜的拉伸性能主要取决于材料的气孔率和拉伸方向;随着气孔率的增大,规则多孔铜的拉伸性能明显下降:规则多孔铜拉伸性能呈各向异性特征,0°方向性能最好,45°方向的次之,90°方向的最差;各拉伸方向的实验数据与模型数据吻合良好.断口分析表明:规则多孔铜呈韧性断裂,拉伸断裂从孔壁处开始,最终因颈缩导致完全断裂.     

藕状多孔铜的连铸法制备工艺研究

连铸法是一种制备具有均匀孔洞分布的大尺寸藕状多孔材料的新工艺.利用自行开发的GASAR连铸装置,成功拉制出了15 mm的藕状多孔Cu连铸试样,并研究了下拉速率对孔隙率及气孔直径的影响.结果表明:随着下拉速率的增加,连铸试样中气孔尺寸分布逐渐变均匀;下拉速率对孔隙率的影响不大,而气孔直径随下拉速率的增加而降低.     

Experiments and Simulations on Tensile Properties and Fracture Toughness of 7050-T7451 Aluminum Alloy Hole Specimens

针对飞机用7050高强铝合金含孔板件进行拉伸性能与断裂韧性的模拟分析与实验研究,并基于裂纹尖端塑性钝化能将常见拉伸性能与平面断裂韧性联系起来,在常规拉伸性能参数的基础上,定量计算出了含孔连接板的断裂韧性值,通过引入与试样几何形状、孔型大小有关的Z参数,表征了含孔构件断裂失效过程中的平面应力和平面应变分布状态与组成比例.研究表明:(1)Z参数联系了材料断裂韧性与构件断裂韧性,反映了含孔构件的几何形状与开孔大小对构件断裂韧性值的影响;(2)含孔拉伸试样的断裂韧性敏感于开孔在垂直于拉伸方向上的尺寸,并随该尺寸的增加而降低;(3)含孔拉伸试样的屈服应力,强度极限等强度指标主要受开孔沿垂直于拉伸方向的尺寸影响,而几乎与开孔在拉伸方向上的尺寸变化无关,但含孔拉伸试样的延伸率则正好与此相反.     

Gasar工艺下藕状多孔银的气孔结构研究

金属-气体共晶定向凝固（Gasar)是制备藕状多孔金属的新工艺,利用自行研制的Gasar装置,成功地制备了不同纯氧分压下的藕状多孔银试样,研究了氧气分压对藕状多孔银气孔形貌（气孔率、气孔尺寸和分布、气泡形核）的影响。结果表明：氧气分压对气孔形貌影响十分显著。随着氧气压力的增加,气孔率增大而平均气孔直径减小。     

多孔金属结合剂CBN砂轮孔隙结构对磨料层胎体力学性能的影响

为解决多孔金属结合剂CBN砂轮在高孔隙率下的强度下降问题,采用球形尿素颗粒为造孔剂,制作孔径、孔形和孔隙可控的多孔金属结合剂砂轮磨料层胎体,研究不同载荷情况下的孔隙率和孔隙排布等孔隙结构因素,对多孔金属结合剂磨料层胎体力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:孔隙有序排布时的胎体弹性模量要小于孔隙无序排布的;胎体材料的屈服强度随孔隙率增大而下降;在相同孔隙率下,孔隙有序排布的胎体,在纵向受压、孔隙正向排布的情况下屈服强度更高。      

Fabrication of lotus-type porous micro-channel copper by single-mold Gasar technique

A single-mold Gasar technique was developed to produce lotus-type porous micro-channel copper with uniform porous structure. In this paper the effect of withdrawal rate on the solid/liquid interface morphology and the corresponding porous structure was systematically investigated, especially the pore morphology, pore growth direction, porosity, and pore diameter of porous copper ingots. In addition, a temperature field simulation was carried out based on ProCast software to investigate the shape and movement velocity of the solidifying solid/liquid interface. The experimental results show that the solidification interface changes from convex to planar, then to concave shape with an increase in withdrawal rate. The average porosities of copper ingots are constant and independent of the withdrawal rate. The average pore diameter decreases with an increase in withdrawal rate.     

Effect of transference velocity and hydrogen pressure on porosity and pore morphology of lotus-type porous copper fabricated by a continuous casting technique

A continuous casting technique was developed to fabricate, in a pressurized hydrogen atmosphere, lotus-type porous copper with long cylindrical pores aligned parallel to the solidification direction. The molten copper dissolving the hydrogen was pulled downward to be solidified through a cooled mould at a given transference velocity. This technique has the benefit of producing long-sized lotus-type porous metal slabs as long as 700 mm. The effects of the hydrogen gas pressure and the transference velocity on the porosity and the pore morphology were investigated. The porosity was independent of the transference velocity but dependent on the hydrogen gas pressure. The average pore diameter and pore length were affected by the changes of both the transference velocity and hydrogen gas pressure. The change of transference velocity affected the pore formation position near the slab surface. The porosity and pore size were therefore well controlled by the transference velocity and hydrogen gas pressure. It is concluded that the continuous casting technique is a promising method for the mass production of lotus-type porous metals.     

宽厚比为0．5的Ti／Cu复合扁棒弯曲成形工艺研究

利用挤压铸造法制备了Al     

疏松对铝合金铸件力学性能的影响

对铝合金铸件与海绵状疏松，分散疏松的疏松等级与力学性能的关系进行了系统研究，试验表明，疏松等级与力学性能之间呈线相关关系。     

藕状多孔铜沿垂直于气孔方向的压缩变形行为与本构关系

采用定向凝固法,在氢气压力为0.2 MPa,熔体温度为1 200 ℃的条件下制备d 45 mm×120 mm的藕状多孔纯铜棒材,研究藕状多孔金属垂直于气孔方向的压缩变形过程及其影响因素,分析压缩变形机理.结果表明:藕状多孔铜沿垂直于气孔方向的压缩变形过程可分为弹性变形、气孔的塑性屈曲、气孔的密实化和密实化后的塑性变形4个阶段,其中塑性屈曲阶段的主要变形机理为多孔材料在垂直载荷的作用下先后形成若干个变形带,在变形带内圆形气孔先后以压扁和塌陷的方式进行塑性变形;采用回归分析方法建立藕状多孔金属沿垂直于气孔方向的压缩变形本构关系.     

钛合金变形Gyroid单元多孔结构设计与分析

三周期极小曲面（triply periodic minimal surfaces, TPMS）多孔结构研究广泛,但变形TPMS多孔结构研究较少,而变形TPMS多孔结构在一定方向上的力学性能存在潜在优势。研究Gyroid单元多孔结构的参数化设计方法,采用激光选区熔化（selective laser melting, SLM）技术制备出孔隙率为60%和75%的常规和变形Gyroid单元多孔钛合金样件。通过Micro-CT观察样件的形貌特征,内部连通性良好,未发现有明显的结构断裂和孔隙堵塞。采用Instron电子万能材料试验机进行力学压缩试验,结果表明：孔隙率为60%的变形Gyroid单元多孔结构的抗压强度相比常规Gyroid单元多孔结构增加49.3%,弹性模量增加63.5%;孔隙率为75%时抗压强度增加40.5%,弹性模量增加70.5%。研究结果表明,在相同孔隙率的情况下,长轴在压缩方向上的变形Gyroid单元结构具有更优的力学性能。     

注射成形制备多孔钛及其性能

以氯化钠作为造孔剂,利用金属注射成形(MIM)工艺制备多孔钛。研究烧结温度、造孔剂粒度和含量对多孔钛孔隙度、微观形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着烧结温度的升高,多孔钛的孔隙度逐渐下降而抗压强度和弹性模量逐渐升高;随着造孔剂粒度的减小,多孔钛的孔径也随之减小;随着造孔剂含量的增多,多孔钛的孔隙度逐渐增大;MIM多孔钛植入体的最佳烧结温度为1100～1200℃,NaCl的最优粒度为150～250μm。     

Effects of porosity on tensile mechanical properties of porous FeAl intermetallics

Uniaxial tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments were carried out on the porous FeAl intermetallics (porosities of 41.1%, 44.2% and 49.3%, pore size of 15–30 μm) prepared by our research group to study the macroscopic mechanical properties and microscopic failure mechanism. The results show that the tensile σ–ɛ curves of the porous FeAl with different porosities can be divided into four stages: elasticity, yielding, strengthening and failure, without necking phenomenon. The elastic modulus, ultimate strength and elongation decrease with the increase of porosity and the elongation is much lower than 5%. A macroscopic brittle fracture appears, and the microscopic fracture mechanism is mainly intergranular fracture, depending on the Al content in the dense FeAl intermetallics. In addition, the stochastic porous model (SPM) with random pore structure size and distribution is established by designing a self-compiling generation program in FORTRAN language. Combined with the secondary development platform of finite element software ANSYS, the effective elastic moduli of the porous FeAl can be determined by elastic analysis of SPM and they are close to the experimental values, which can verify the validity of the established SPM for analyzing the elastic properties of the porous material.     

SiC纳米颗粒增强A356铸造合金的表征(英文)

通过搅拌铸造制备SiC纳米颗粒增强A356铝合金复合材料,并研究其显微组织和力学性能。密度测量发现试样的孔隙度较低,且孔隙度随SiC颗粒体积分数的增加而增加。通过光学显微镜和透射电镜观察材料的显微组织,发现弥散的颗粒分布均匀。材料的拉伸强度和弹性模量随加入纳米SiC颗粒的增加而提高,而延展性有所降低。当SiC纳米颗粒的加入量为3.5%时,复合材料的屈服强度和极限抗拉强度达到最高。断口分析表明,拉伸断裂试样为相对韧性断裂。     

Structure and oil retaining capacity of gasar copper fabricated by radial solidification with a combined crystallizer

Porous copper with elongated pores was fabricated by a radial solidification method. The process was carried out in a combined crystallizer under high pressure of a mixture of hydrogen and argon. Pore size, pore length, pore density and porosity of the porous copper were characterized. Furthermore, the oil retaining capacity including oil content and oil efficiency was also evaluated. It is found that porous copper solidified with water-circulated chiller through a thick graphite jacket possesses a gradient structure with increasing pore size, and thus pore density decreases. Also pore length and pore aspect ratio decrease from lateral inwardly, while its porosity is almost uniform. The results show that the porous copper with radial pores has a good oil retaining capacity.     

Effect of Welding Parameters on the Microstructure and Strength of Friction Stir Weld Joints in Twin Roll Cast EN AW Al-Mn1Cu Plates

Twin roll cast EN AW Al-Mn1Cu plates were butt welded with the friction stir welding process which employed a non-consumable tool, tilted by 1.5° and 3° with respect to the plate normal, rotated in a clockwise direction at 400 and 800 rpm, while traversing at a fixed rate of 80 mm/min along the weld line. Microstructural observations and microhardness tests were performed on sections perpendicular to the tool traverse direction. Tensile tests were carried out at room temperature on samples cut perpendicular to the weld line. The ultimate tensile strength of the welded EN AW Al-Mn1Cu plates improved with increasing tool rotation speed and decreasing tool tilt angle. This marked improvement in ultimate tensile strength is attributed to the increase in the heat input owing to an increased frictional heat generation. There appears to be a perfect correlation between the ultimate tensile strength and the size of the weld zone. The fracture surfaces of the base plate and the welded plates are distinctly different. The former is dominated by dimples typical of ductile fractures. A vast majority of the intermetallic particles inside the weld zones are too small to generate dimples during a tensile test. The fracture surface of the welded plates is thus characterized by occasional dimples that are elongated in the same direction suggesting a tensile tearing mechanism.     

基于TPMS结构的多孔钛制备与表征

多孔钛因具有与人体骨组织相近的弹性模量和允许骨长入的孔隙结构而备受关注。其孔隙结构特征不仅影响骨长入效果,而且决定了多孔钛的力学性能。通过三周期极小曲面(triply periodic minimal surfaces,TPMS)隐函数参数的精确调控可以构建出理想的孔隙结构模型。本实验针对TPMS模型中常用的G单元模型,研究了G单元模型隐函数参数对孔隙率、孔径、杆径等孔隙结构特征的影响规律,设计出了孔隙率约为77%,孔径分别为300(G300)、500(G500)微米的均质孔隙结构;模仿自然长骨径向梯度结构模型,构建了相应的G单元仿生梯度孔隙结构。采用选区激光熔化(SLM)增材制造技术制备了相应的多孔钛样件,利用数字显微镜和扫描电镜观测多孔钛的孔隙结构特征,发现SLM多孔钛实测孔隙率低于设计孔隙率,实测孔径小于设计值,实测杆径大于设计值。力学性能检测结果显示,G300和G500多孔钛弹性模量分别为2.04和3.12GPa,其最大抗压强度分别为63.5和103.5MPa,梯度孔隙结构多孔钛弹性模量和最大抗压强度分别为6.3 GPa和186.9 MPa。研究结果表明,G单元梯度孔隙结构多孔钛是一种理想的承重部位骨缺损修复体。     

钛合金变形Gyroid单元梯度多孔结构设计与分析

研究一种具有径向和轴向孔径梯度的变形Gyroid单元多孔结构参数化设计方法,采用激光选区熔化成形(selective laser melting, SLM)技术,制备出孔隙率为60%和75%的钛合金变形Gyroid单元梯度多孔结构样件。使用有限元法(finiteelementmethod,FEM)对4组梯度多孔支架模型及2组均质模型进行静力学仿真分析,对制备的钛合金梯度多孔样件进行力学性能测试,并与已测试过的均质样件进行力学性能对比分析。有限元计算结果与力学性能试验结果共同表明：变形Gyroid单元多孔结构力学性能随孔隙率的升高而降低,孔隙率相同时,径向梯度多孔支架力学性能优于均质多孔支架,更适用于皮质骨的骨缺损修复,轴向梯度多孔支架力学性能相比均质多孔支架有所减弱,更适用于松质骨。     

Effect of vacuum on porosity and mechanical properties of high-pressure die-cast pure copper

Pure copper tensile bars were produced by conventional die casting(HPDC) and vacuum-assist die casting(VADC) processes. Porosity and mechanical properties were investigated by using optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray computed tomography(XCT) and tensile tester. Results show that porosities including gas porosity and shrinkage porosity could be observed in copper castings. Since the application of vacuum could reduce filling related gas entrapment and facilitate solidification due to the increased heat transfer between metal and die, both number and size of the entrapped gases, as well as shrinkage porosities were significantly reduced in vacuum-assist die castings of pure copper. The porosity fraction decreased from 2.243% to 0.875% compared with that of the conventional die casting. Besides, mechanical properties were improved significantly, i.e., by 15% for ultimate tensile strength and three times for elongation.     

铜包铝线材室温拉变形后的显微组织和力学性能

研究经室温拉变形后的纯铜包覆铝合金的不同线径的线材的显微组织及力学性能。结果表明:显微组织自原始的等轴晶变为细长条纤维状,纤维直径与形变量近似地成反比,纤维长度与形变量的平方近似地成正比;经室温拉变形的铜包铝线的极限抗拉强度随形变量增大而增大,与形变量平方根呈直线关系;延伸率随形变量增大逐渐降低,但延伸率波动较大。根据原始纯铜和合金铝的极限抗拉强度值,可以用复合材料强度的混合法则近似地预测不同线径的铜包铝线的极限抗拉强度。