基于小波包分解的机械振动信号分析

提出了一种新的基于小波包的振动信号故障特征提取方法,运用这种方法对柴油机表面振动信号经过小波包降噪处理,有效地剔除柴油机表面振动信号的噪声干扰,提高信号的信噪比。对降噪信号提取频带能量特征,为神经网络故障诊断提供了新的故障样本。     

基于小波变换的齿轮箱振动信号降噪处理

应用了小波变换理论和小波降噪的原理,对齿轮箱的振动信号进行了小波降噪处理,有效的从含有噪声的齿轮箱振动信号中提取出该信号更加准确和真实的故障特征,从而为提高齿轮箱故障诊断的准确性以及检测齿轮箱的早期微弱故障信号提供了重要的参考价值。通过对仿真信号的降噪处理,然后进行FFT变换,并且和没经过信号降噪处理就进行FFT变换的对比,显示了小波降噪的优越性。最后通过对齿轮箱的实际振动信号的降噪处理,进一步表明了小波降噪在消除噪声干扰方面有效性。     

基于EEMD分解和改进小波阈值降噪的齿轮故障诊断

针对齿轮箱振动信号易受噪声影响以及齿轮箱振动信号比较复杂的特点,提出基于EEMD分解和改进小波阈值降噪的齿轮故障诊断方法。首先对经过EEMD分解的IMF分量中的高频分量进行改进小波阈值降噪处理,重构信号后得到降噪信号。实验结果表明应用该方法可以较为准确地识别齿轮故障。     

基于小波变换的齿轮振动信号降噪分析

在齿轮的故障诊断中,振动信号常常夹杂着大量的噪声信号,表现出极大的非平稳性,采用基于小波变换的降噪方法,通过实例对齿轮振动信号进行降噪分析,收到了较好的效果.     

LS-SVM与小波指数阈值结合的振动信号降噪

为了能够更好的保持液压泵轴承振动信号的峰形,解决软阈值函数存在的恒定偏差和硬阈值函数存在间断点的问题,引进了一种最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)与小波指数阈值结合的振动信号降噪方法。首先对液压泵的机械轴承振动信号进行小波阈值分解,进而采用LS-SVM方法将小波系数分为与噪声相关的及与噪声无关的小波系数,采用小波指数阈值函数将与噪声相关的小波系数滤除,将处理后的信号重组,提取微弱的振动信号特征。不仅实现了振动信号的降噪,也利于轴承的故障诊断。     

基于小波理论的RV减速器振动信号分析

RV减速器结构复杂、振动激励源多,运行过程中产生的振动信号会被大量噪声干扰,影响真实的振动信号被识别。介绍了小波变换理论及其信号识别和降噪分析原理,应用小波变换理论对国产SHPR-20E型RV减速器的振动信号进行分析,并对振动信号进行识别和降噪分析。通过测试分析,表明小波变换具有良好的多分辨率时频域识别特性,可以有效消除RV减速器振动信号中的噪声。为RV减速器的信号识别与分析、故障诊断和提取提供了参考。     

基于最优Morlet小波的滚动轴承故障诊断

将最优Morlet小波和阈值降噪法相结合,进行强噪声背景下滚动轴承故障诊断.依据峭度最大准则确定最优Morlet小波基.利用连续小波变换和软阈值法对振动信号降噪.试验表明,该方法具有良好的去噪性能,并能更好地提取滚动轴承振动信号中的故障特征.     

基于复小波块阈值的降噪方法及其在机械故障诊断中的应用

提出一种基于对偶树复小波块阈值的信号降噪方法,并将其成功应用于机械故障诊断中.机械设备的振动信号都或多或少地含有噪声,导致弱故障信息的提取一直是故障诊断的难点和热点.提出的降噪方法充分利用对偶树复小波变换的平移不变性和块阈值法的更优估计特性,可以获得比常规的小波降噪方法以及基于常规离散正交小波变换的NeighBlock降噪法更高的信噪比,不仅能有效抑制高斯白噪声,还能够去除冲击信号中的脉冲噪声.对实际信号的研究表明:这种降噪方法可以提取齿轮箱早期故障信息和强噪声背景情况下的隐含故障信息,特别对提取弱冲击故障信号非常有效.     

基于局域波分解的齿轮箱故障诊断研究

实验采集的齿轮箱振动信号具有非线性、非平稳性,提出将局域波分解与小波降噪相结合的故障诊断方法。针对齿轮箱在不同工况下的振动信号,首先采用小波降噪方法去除原信号噪声,提高信噪比;然后采用局域波分解方法将去噪后的信号进行分解,得到一些基本模式分量和一个剩余分量;最后对基本模式分量做出功率谱图,区分齿轮箱各种故障工况。结果表明:局域波分解方法在齿轮箱故障诊断中的有效性。     

基于ISVD和小波降噪理论的轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承振动信号的非平稳等复杂特点,在分析迭代奇异值降噪和小波阈值降噪的原理和特点的基础上,将两者理论结合应用于轴承振动信号降噪中。试验证明,结合降噪法能有效剔除噪声,并可较好地保留冲击信号中的尖峰和突变部分,最后通过计算降噪后信号的样本熵可准确地实现轴承的故障诊断。     

DT-CWT相关滤波在齿轮箱故障诊断中的应用

根据小波系数的相关分析理论,提出了基于双树复小波变换的小波相关滤波法。该方法根据相邻层小波系数的相关性,通过迭代过程自适应地进行滤波,能够在达到良好降噪效果的同时保留微弱故障特征信息。对降噪后的信号进行希尔伯特包络分析便可准确得到故障特征频率。试验信号分析与工程应用结果表明,该方法能够有效提取强背景噪声下的齿轮箱轴承早期故障特征信息。     

基于EMD和支持向量机的柴油机故障诊断

为了解决传统小波或小波包变换方法对柴油机振动信号频率分辨率不高、易受邻近谐波分量间交叠影响的缺陷,提出了一种基于经验模态分解和支持向量机的故障诊断方法。该方法首先对振动信号进行经验模态分解,分别提取能量最大的几个基本模式分量的小波包特征;然后采用支持向量机在每个独立的特征子集中进行训练,并按该子集对应的基本模式分量的能量权重进行加权融合。试验中将该方法应用于6135型柴油机的故障诊断,结果表明,针对每个基本模式分量分别进行故障分析是可行的,能够对6135型柴油机常见故障模式进行准确识别。     

SIGNAL FEATURE EXTRACTION BASED UPON INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND WAVELET TRANSFORM

It is an important precondition for machine fault diagnosis that vibration signal can be extracted effectively. Based on the characteristic of noise interfused during the course of sampling vibration signal, independent component analysis (ICA) method is combined with wavelet to de-noise. Firstly, The sampled signal can be separated with ICA, then the function of frequency band chosen with multi-resolution wavelet transform can be used to judge whether the stochastic disturbance singular signal is interfused. By these ways, the vibration signals can be extracted effectively, which provides favorable condition for subsequent feature detection of vibration signal and fault diagnosis.     

液压泵故障的小波变换诊断方法

分析了小波变换的时 -频局部化特性及基于多分辨分析的信号小波分解重构算法 ,研究了信号局部奇异性在小波变换下的特性。根据故障信号和噪声的局部奇异性在小波变换下的模极大值在不同尺度上的传播特性不同的特点 ,并利用小波分解重构算法 ,对泵壳振动加速度信号进行了分解、去噪和重构。大大改善了监测信号的信噪比 ,对故障特征信号进行了时域定位 ,提取了故障特征频率。     

基于S变换的热连轧机耦合振动特征提取

提出一种基于短时傅里叶变换的自适应频域滤波方法,将噪声信号与振动特征成功地分离。根据短时傅里叶变换和功率法设定的阀值,自动捕捉了振动信号在不同时间段的优势频率。对振动信号、压下液压缸压力信号和伺服阀给定信号做短时傅里叶变换后,热连轧机振动被诊断为液机耦合振动。利用离散小波变换和S变换相结合的方法对轧机振动信号进行分析,确定轧机起振的时间为液压压下系统的投入时间,证明了热连轧机存在液机耦合振动现象。     

小波分析在柴油机监测信号处理中的应用

研究了小波分析在柴油机监测信号处理中的应用，提出了基于小波变换的特征提取方法。在简要讨论了小波变换及基本性质之后，探讨了利用小波分解序列的特征信息量确定信号特征频带的方法，并给出了分析实例。     

基于余弦调频小波变换的滚动轴承故障研究

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的特点，构造余玄调频小波，采用连续小波变换的方法来提取滚动轴承故障振动信号的特征，在此基础上提出了一种滚动轴承故障诊断方法：时间一小波能量谱自相关分析法。通过对滚动轴承具有缺陷的情况下振动信号的分析，说明时间一小波能量谱自相关分析法不仅能检测到滚动轴承故障的存在，而且能有效地识别滚动轴承的故障模式。     

Adaptive wavelet transform for vibration signal modelling and application in fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor

There has been an increasing application of water hydraulics in industries due to growing concern on the environmental, health and safety issues. The fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor is important for improving water hydraulic system reliability and performance. In this paper, fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor in water hydraulic system is investigated based on adaptive wavelet analysis. A novel method for modelling the vibration signal based on the adaptive wavelet transform (AWT) is proposed. The linear combination of wavelets is introduced as wavelet itself and adapted for the particular vibration signal, which goes beyond adapting parameters of a fixed-shape wavelet. The AWT procedure based on the parametric optimisation by genetic algorithm (GA) is developed. The model-based method by AWT is applied to extract the features in the fault diagnosis of the water hydraulic motor. This technique for de-noising the corrupted simulation signal shows that it can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the vibration signal. The results of the experimental signal demonstrate the characteristic vibration signal details in fine resolution. The magnitude plots of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) show the characteristic signal's energy in time and frequency domain which can be used as feature values for fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor.     

柴油机缸盖振动信号典型特征提取

针对柴油机缸盖振动信号信噪比低且呈非平稳特性,提取柴油机振动信号的典型特征。通过分析缸盖在不同时刻受到的激振,判断汽缸各个部件的工作情况;提取信号振动烈度,并分析烈度与柴油机转速的变化关系,为柴油机的在线控制和故障诊断提供依据。     

Frequency slice wavelet transform for transient vibration response analysis

This paper introduces a new kind of time–frequency signal analysis method, called frequency slice wavelet transform (FSWT), by means of extension of short-time Fourier transform (STFT) defined directly in frequency domain. The original signal can be decomposed by frequency slice function (FSF), which is similar with the wavelet base but can be designed very freely. At the same time, the original signal can be reconstructed by a FSWT representation in an easy way without the strict limitation of wavelet theory. Some new characteristics of its time–frequency window will be shown. Due to these features, FSWT is more flexible to fit ever-changing signals, and convenient to analyze and control in application. Next, the frequency resolution ratio of signal and Dirac function, etc., are employed to study FSWT, and to select a new scale parameter. The new scale is a good balance factor between time and frequency resolution. Moreover a fast discrete algorithm of FSWT is completed. Its application is focused on transient vibration signal analysis in this paper. FSWT can not only individually represent each modal signal in frequency domain, but also correctly show its details in time domain. FSWT helps to discover some new features of the experimental signal obtained from a small laboratory bridge monitoring system. By using FSWT, the filtering under high noise, and the segmenting of signal with high damping and close modes of frequency, will be discussed. Finally, the summary shows that this paper will be able to provide a more available tool for signal analyzing simultaneously in time–frequency domain, and further to refine the wavelet theory.