用于特种印花的特殊粘合剂

介绍用于特种印花的高粘度混合型粘合剂。述评了金光粘合剂、珠光粘合和银光粘合剂、夜光粘合剂和反光粘合剂、发泡粘合剂和起绒粘合剂、固体物质的转移印花粘合剂、透明粘合剂与消光粘合剂等特殊粘合剂,以及它们加工的适应性。     

叠氮类含能粘合剂研究进展

粘合剂含能化是火炸药未来的发展方向,叠氮类粘合剂是含能粘合剂中的典型代表。该文主要从热塑性含能粘合剂和热固性含能粘合剂两方面综述了近5年叠氮类粘合剂研究进展,并对该类粘合剂的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。     

聚氨酯提高环氧粘合剂性能

传统的商业环氧粘合剂易脆断,而拜耳材料科技最新研究表明,加入聚氨酯后,环氧粘合剂变得更坚韧耐用。这种混合物利用了聚氨酯的韧性,形成的复合粘合剂降低了传统单一粘合剂的易脆断性。通过在环氧粘合剂中加入聚氨酯预聚物,改善了粘合剂     

高性能环氧树脂粘合剂的改性方法及结构与性能的关系

从结构与性能的关系着手,综述了近年国内外高性能环氧树脂粘合剂改性研究的最新进展,主要包括环氧树脂粘合剂的二氧化硅纳米粒子改性、环氧树脂粘合剂的石墨烯改性、环氧树脂粘合剂的纤维和碳纳米管改性、环氧树脂粘合剂的橡胶改性以及环氧树脂粘合剂的其他改性。同时对高性能环氧树脂粘合剂今后的发展趋势进行了分析与展望。研制开发绿色无污染的高性能和功能性的新型环氧树脂粘合剂将是今后该领域的主攻方向。     

高性能环氧树脂粘合剂的改性方法及结构与性能的关系

从结构与性能的关系着手,综述了近年国内外高性能环氧树脂粘合剂改性研究的最新进展,主要包括环氧树脂粘合剂的二氧化硅纳米粒子改性、环氧树脂粘合剂的石墨烯改性、环氧树脂粘合剂的纤维和碳纳米管改性、环氧树脂粘合剂的橡胶改性以及环氧树脂粘合剂的其他改性。同时对高性能环氧树脂粘合剂今后的发展趋势进行了分析与展望。研制开发绿色无污染的高性能和功能性的新型环氧树脂粘合剂将是今后该领域的主攻方向。     

关于GAP的研究进展

综述了聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)增塑剂及GAP粘合剂的合成方法,将GAP基粘合剂分类为GAP基热固性含能粘合剂以及GAP基热塑性含能粘合剂,其中GAP基热固性含能粘合剂主要包括了GAP共混改性、支化GAP基热固性含能粘合剂,GAP基热塑性含能粘合剂主要包括了嵌段型GAP基、接枝型GAP基热塑性含能弹性体。对应用更为广泛的GAP基热塑性含能粘合剂的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。     

紫外光UV固化粘合剂

紫外光固化粘合剂随着紫外光固化技术的发展获得了快速发展。详细介绍了紫外光固化粘合剂的应用机理及其组成成份 ,如齐聚物、反应单体、光引发剂。并列举了几种不同类型的紫外光固化粘合剂 ,即层压粘合剂、压敏粘合剂和双重光固化粘合剂等。     

关于GAP的研究进展

综述了聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)增塑剂及GAP粘合剂的合成方法,将GAP基粘合剂分类为GAP基热固性含能粘合剂以及GAP基热塑性含能粘合剂,其中GAP基热固性含能粘合剂主要包括了GAP共混改性、支化GAP基热固性含能粘合剂,GAP基热塑性含能粘合剂主要包括了嵌段型GAP基、接枝型GAP基热塑性含能弹性体。对应用更为广泛的GAP基热塑性含能粘合剂的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。     

型煤与焦粉型焦粘合剂的研究及应用

探讨了型煤粘合剂的粘结机理 ,介绍了几种主要粘合剂的分类 ,重点论述了WIN -1型民用与锅炉型煤粘合剂、WIN - 2超微粉造气型煤粘合剂及WIN - 3焦粉型焦粘合剂的研究和应用情况 ,利用这些粘合剂生产的锅炉型煤、造气型煤、焦粉型焦等产品均达到了应用要求     

环保是粘合剂行业面临的挑战

由于环境问题,日本粘合剂的需求结构正在向环境友好型产品转变。2001年,日本含VOC的溶剂基粘合剂产量已从1995年的9万多吨猛降至6.3万t。其中尿素树脂粘合剂的产量比上年猛降了31％,而蜜胺树脂粘合剂和酚醛树脂粘合剂的产量比上年分别增长了15.2％和16.6％,其他环境友好型和高功能粘合剂也都呈增长趋势。日本国内粘合剂市场的萎缩,使其国内的粘合剂生产商加紧推行全球化战略,希望通过海外经营来扩展业务。     

液滴撞击微结构疏水表面的动态特性

对去离子水滴撞击不同几何尺寸显微结构方柱和方孔状疏水表面的动态特性进行了研究。结果表明：当液滴以不同速度撞击微方柱疏水表面时,液滴展现铺展和回缩过程,且随着韦伯数（We数）增大,最大铺展直径增大,并伴随卫星液滴出现,但到达最大铺展直径的时间一致;而当液滴以相同的速度（We数相同）撞击间距不同的微方柱疏水表面时,液滴的最大铺展直径随着间距的增大而减小,且铺展过程会液滴浸润状态变得不稳定,发生由Cassie向Wenzel状态的浸润转变。当微方柱间距较小时,液滴受到的黏附功越小,越易发生向Cassie状态的转变;液滴撞击微方孔疏水表面时,液滴以规则的圆环状向外铺展和回缩,最后呈现近似规则的椭球状,不会发生向Wenzel状态的浸润转变,利用建立的物理模型对前述现象进行了分析。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Trapping the western pine beetle at and near a source of synthetic attractive pheromone Effects of trap size and position

Western pine beetles were caught on unbaited sticky traps placed near a source ofexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene. Size of trap, distance and direction from the source of attractant, and height from the ground were varied. Significant differences in trap catch were observed in relation to each of the variables. Traps close to the source of attractant caught more beetles than traps farther from the source. Traps downwind of the source of attractant caught more beetles than did upwind traps. More males than females were trapped close to the source of attractant.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the senior author to the University of California, Berkeley, California, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in entomology, December 1976. These studies were supported by the U.S. Forest Service and in part by the Rockefeller Foundation and a joint grant (NSF GB-34718/BMS 75-04223) from the U.S. National Science Foundation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to the University of California. The findings, opinions, and recommendations are not necessarily those of the University of California or the funding agencies.Trade names and commercial enterprises or products are mentioned solely for information and do not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or University of California.     

一种自适应柱状密封气膜特性分析

提出一种自适应柱状气膜密封,构建气膜-密封环为研究对象,考虑了偏心间隙发散问题,并定义Rayleigh台阶对气膜周期的突变性,建立了气膜雷诺方程和膜厚变化函数关系式的动力润滑数值模型,获得了摩擦副气膜润滑特性,研究结果表明：气膜力随转速和压力升高而增加,泄漏量随压力升高而增加但是随转速增加而下降,说明密封内部压力流占主导地位。随后,利用曲面槽型雕刻技术,结合高速试验台对密封进行测试,结果表明：理论计算模型与试验结果吻合度较高,斜槽区域存在更多擦痕与磨损,说明斜槽浮动性弱于直列槽;但斜槽的切向流动小于直列槽,导致斜槽泄漏量小于直列槽。该研究成果为自适应柱状气膜密封的气体流动规律和应用提供了理论基础。     

Kinetics of organic solvent-soluble and native lipase

Organic solvent-soluble lipase was prepared with a synthetic detergent. The solvent-soluble lipase was presumed to be a complex of the enzyme and the detergent. To investigate the effect of the detergent attachment to the enzyme on the reaction properties, the kinetics of the solvent-soluble lipase and of the native lipase were estimated by using glycerides in a homogeneous solution of buffer and tetrahydrofuran. Analysis of the direct interaction between the enzyme and the substrate could serve to characterize the steric structure around the active site of the lipase. The K_m values also differentiated the solvent-soluble lipase from the native lipase. These findings show for the first time that the detergent surrounding the enzyme molecule may affect not only the solubility of the enzyme, but its kinetics as well.     

煤油贮箱冷氦鼓泡增压过程数值研究

火箭飞行过程中,约90 K的低温氦气用以加压室温下的煤油贮箱使煤油流出,保障发动机燃料供应。为尽可能减少氦气用量,设计低温氦气从液相中喷入,使得氦气在贮箱内上升过程先和液态煤油充分换热升温,再进入气相空间增压。但该过程可能引起两个不利的结果,首先浸没在煤油中的低温氦气管路表面可能结冰,结冰沉底或可能堵塞发动机滤网;其次氦气可能被煤油携带,从而排出口位置可能出现气液两相流。这两种情况都对火箭发动机稳定运行造成负面影响,因此是不允许的。对低温氦气在贮箱中心喷入和环向多孔喷入两种结构的气液两相流过程进行了数值研究,构建了基于Euler-Euler模型的两相传热非稳态模型,数值结果与地面实验观察到的现象进行了定性对比,定性验证了模型的准确性。重点考察了煤油排出过程两种喷入结构的气液两相流分布以及煤油结冰可能性。研究结果从机理上解释了实验现象,并为煤油贮箱增压排出方案设计提供了参考。     

Lipid distribution on textiles in relation to washing with lipases

Effectiveness of lipase in detergency was studied using three test soils (lard, artificial sebum, and olive oil) on a woven cotton fabric. Distribution of oily soil on fabrics was determined for three different treatments (unwashed, washed with detergent without lipase, and washed with detergent plus lipase). Osmium tetroxide was used to label lipid soil for analysis in the scanning electron microscope. Both longitudinal and cross-sectional backscattered electron images for unwashed samples showed that soil was present on surfaces of the cotton fibers and in interfiber spaces of the yarn bundle. Lard soiled samples had large deposits on the fabric surfaces, while artificial sebum and olive oil appeared more uniformly distributed throughout the textile. Oil was deposited in the interfiber capillaries of the yarn bundle and in the crenulation, secondary walls, and lumen of the fibers. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was used to determine relative concentrations of oil at selected morphological locations within the fiber structure and at the fiber surface. Soil distributions within the fibrous structures differed with type of soil and laundry treatment. Backscattered electron images dramatically demonstrated the effect of lipase on cleaning. After washing with detergent plus lipase, yarn surfaces had much less residual soil; residual soil that remained was in the irregularities of the cotton fiber surfaces. Concentrations of oil in the secondary walls, crenulations, lumen, and the fiber surfaces were lower after lipase treatment for all three soils. While washing with detergent removed soil from the yarn and fiber surfaces and the crenulation of the cotton fiber, only the samples washed with detergent plus lipase had lower concentrations of soils within the secondary wall and lumen of the cotton fibers. Fabrics soiled with olive oil and washed with detergent plus lipase had the lowest concentrations of residual soil across the textile structure; the residual soil observed was mainly in the irregularities on the fiber surfaces.     

Modified dynamic matrix control

DMC (Dynamic Matrix Control) has been used successfully in industry for the last decade. It can deal with constraints and unusual dynamic behavior directly. It also shows a good control performance for the servo problem. Relatively, it can’t reject disturbances systematically. We propose a modified DMC method to control the regulatory process more efficiently. The proposed DMC method makes the control output by subtracting the estimated disturbance from the control output of the original DMC. Here, the disturbance is estimated by a new disturbance estimator. It shows better control performances than the original DMC.     

回灌过程中离子强度和水流流速对胶体粒子在多孔介质中堵塞的影响

人工回灌过程中的堵塞问题一直是影响其推广的瓶颈,目前回灌过程中大颗粒悬浮物导致的堵塞机理研究较多,对胶体类颗粒物的堵塞机理研究相对少。采用室内砂柱实验,研究不同离子强度和不同水流流速条件下胶体在饱和多孔介质中的迁移-滞留特征。选择大肠杆菌为实验胶体,设计在不同离子强度、不同水流条件下的砂柱回灌实验;运用Hydrus-1D软件模拟,拟合穿透曲线后得到表征胶体沉积的相关参数。实验结果表明,在相同的离子强度下,流速增大会促进胶体的迁移,穿透曲线峰值增高,胶体的吸附率减小。在中等离子强度条件下（IS=30、50 mmol·L^-1）流速对胶体的这种影响比在更低的离子强度（≤10 mmol·L^-1）或更高的离子强度（≥300 mmol·L^-1）条件下更为显著;相反地,同一流速条件下,离子强度从10 mmol·L^-1升高到300 mmol·L^-1时,胶体的吸附随着离子强度的增加而迅速增加。从胶体和介质相互作用势能来看,随着离子强度的增加,胶体和砂表面的相互作用增强,有利于胶体吸附在介质表面,增加介质堵塞的概率。但是,在一定的离子强度下,流速的增加产生的水动力剪切力有利于促进胶体的迁移,不利于胶体的吸附或阻塞,减少了微小颗粒堵塞的概率。模拟结果显示吸附速率系数k、最大固相沉积量S_max随着离子强度的增大而增大,随着流速的增大而减小。从整体上来看,回灌过程中胶体微粒的迁移滞留行为主要受控于离子强度,但水流因素会干扰离子强度的控制作用。在实际的人工回灌过程中,有效的预防堵塞需要将化学（降低离子强度）和水动力（增加回灌水流速）手段有效地结合起来。     

氮气幕对瓦斯爆炸进行阻爆实验

为阻断瓦斯爆炸在管道方向上的传播，保护管道后方区域，本文采用氮气幕来进行阻爆，所设计的实验装置在爆炸发生后能自动喷出氮气。主要研究了氮气的喷气压力和喷气时刻对阻爆功能的影响。结果表明，在喷气压力为0.1MPa时，氮气幕仅起到抑制作用，爆炸火焰能穿过整个实验管道。在喷气压力为0.2MPa时，仅部分实验能够阻爆，氮气幕产生不稳定的阻爆效果。在喷气压力为0.3MPa时，阻爆位置均稳定在左喷头和右喷头之间区域，氮气幕产生稳定地阻爆效果。喷气压力超过0.4MPa后，阻爆位置稳定在右喷头附近。在较低氮气压力0.2MPa下，喷气时刻对阻爆效果产生显著影响。随着喷气时刻延迟，氮气喷出量减小，氮气幕由不稳定阻爆变为不阻爆。喷气时刻延迟到198ms后，氮气幕便丧失阻爆功能。在喷气压力超过0.3MPa后，氮气幕阻爆效果便不受喷气时刻的影响，喷气压力对能否阻爆起决定作用。