Systems Development Process Improvement: A Knowledge Integration Perspective

Although organizations have applied a variety of practices and tools to address information systems development (ISD) performance problems, most of these approaches have focused on controlling and improving predictability of the development process. There is growing recognition that ISD is a knowledge-intensive process that requires the integration of specialized stakeholder knowledge. We develop the perspective that integration of this specialized knowledge across knowledge boundaries in the ISD process drives ISD performance. We theorize that formal and informal organizational integrative practices influence ISD performance, because they facilitate the development of boundary objects that effectively span knowledge boundaries. Results from a field study of 110 firms provide considerable support for the proposed model. This paper makes three novel contributions to the technology management literature. First, it demonstrates that knowledge integration across knowledge boundaries through boundary objects improves ISD performance. Second, it shows how formal and informal organizational integrative practices enhance the integration of specialized knowledge within and across organizational subunits. Third, it shows that the positive influence of formal and informal organizational integrative practices on ISD performance is partially mediated by knowledge integration. For engineering and technology managers, the results highlight the centrality of knowledge integration for the management of technology development. Collectively, these findings offer a novel knowledge integration-based perspective that complements prior research on systems development and new product development     

Radio Resource Management in MIMO-OFDM- Mesh Networks: Issues and Approaches

We present a survey on the radio resource management issues in MIMO-OFDM-based infrastructure wireless mesh networks. The major components in radio resource management (i.e., scheduling and admission control) and related research issues are discussed. We review related work in the literature. We propose a game-theoretic model for admission control in IEEE 802.11n-based WMNs using the MIMO-OFDM technology. The proposed scheme uses Q-learning, which is a reinforcement learning algorithm, to gain knowledge on system performance. Then this knowledge is used to determine payoff for the game formulation to obtain the Nash equilibrium for the decision on admitting or rejecting a new connection at a mesh router.     

Explication and sharing of design knowledge through a novel product design approach

At the beginning of the 21st century, the emergence of knowledge management is viewed as a natural evolution. Knowledge management is defined as the formal management of knowledge for facilitating creation, access, and reuse of knowledge, typically by using advanced technology. To be easily communicated and shared, tacit knowledge has to be explicated as explicit knowledge (e.g., in product specification or a scientific formula or production rules); and this explicit knowledge has to be shared as applicable data through the use of information technology. Product design is such a business process that a great part of the design knowledge is often a tacit type, being difficult to share, or available only in forms of natural language documents. However, the expertise recorded in these documents is an essential resource of successful competition in the market. This paper presents a knowledge explication and sharing approach; specifically focusing on the knowledge management of modular product design. The solution approach involves modeling modular products, formulating the explicit knowledge, discovering new design knowledge with data mining, and sharing the knowledge with web services technology. The proposed approach is to be applied to an actual case of motherboard design/assembly in one of the largest PC manufacturing enterprises.     

Sharing knowledge through intranets: a study of organizationalculture and intranet implementation

Explores factors affecting the implementation of intranets, which are the technology upon which many knowledge management (KM) systems are built. Because intranets facilitate the sharing of employee knowledge, many believe that organizational culture influences intranet implementation. The results of this study found that intranet implementation is facilitated by a culture that emphasizes an atmosphere of trust and concern for other people (ethical culture), flexibility and innovation (developmental culture), and policies, procedures and information management (hierarchical culture). Management should ensure that the proper values are in place to optimize intranet implementation and to facilitate knowledge sharing     

云环境下高校知识管理平台的构建研究

知识管理就是利用集体的智慧提高应变能力和创新能力,高校的知识非常密集,其创造价值的核心是知识,所以高校的知识管理势在必行。本文分析并得到了高校知识管理的模型,分析了高校知识管理的业务功能,同时在云环境下搭建了高校知识管理平台,并且研究了知识管理的相关技术,如云技术、知识获取、知识表示、知识搜索、思维导图、知识地图等技术。     

Distinguishing between knowledge transfer and technology transfer activities: the role of key organizational factors

Knowledge transfer and technology transfer are often used interchangeably and while both knowledge transfer and technology transfer are highly interactive activities, they serve different purposes. Knowledge transfer implies a broader, more inclusive construct that is directed more toward understanding the "whys" for change. In contrast, technology transfer is a narrower and more targeted construct that usually embodies certain tools for changing the environment. Grounding our work in the 7-S framework, we examine the role of key organizational factors in facilitating knowledge transfer and technology transfer activities. Survey data for this study were collected from 189 industrial firms representing 21 different industrial sectors. Results show that there are differences in the types of firm structures, cultures and university policies for intellectual property rights (IPR), patent ownership, and licensing that facilitated knowledge transfer activities compared to those that facilitated technology transfer activities. Specifically, firms with more mechanistic structures and more stable direction-oriented cultures were associated with higher levels of knowledge transfer. Conversely, firms with more organic structures, more flexible change-oriented cultures, and more customized university policies for IPR, patent ownership, and licensing were associated with higher levels of technology transfer. The firm's trust in its university research center partner was equally important for both activities. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for future research and management practice.     

R&D/technology management: a framework for putting technologyto work

The article summarizes and integrates the state of knowledge of R&D/technology management. The goal is to clarify what is known and discuss how this knowledge can be leveraged. The overall conclusion is that understanding at multiple levels is key to deeply understanding R&D/technology management. Further, these multiple levels of understanding can be integrated by considering information access and utilization throughout these processes. Specific conclusions are summarized in terms of key issues, central questions, and tradeoffs     

Innovating and management of the knowledge base on the example of IT applications

This paper presents ongoing research in standardised subfields of information technology (IT). This is an isolated segment of a comparative statistical analysis of trends in global (ISO) and local (SRPS) standardisation of knowledge sources (KS) in the subfields of IT applications (ICS2?=?35.240). The ultimate goal of the study is to define management of knowledge base systems. The specific objectives of this research are related to the presentation of original results, comparative criteria, and defining the level of innovativeness (based clustering) in forming a knowledge base (KB), from the knowledge source to modelling, implementing and improving the knowledge base system on the example of the subfields of IT applications.     

Improved Resource Management through User Aggregation in Heterogeneous Multiple Access Wireless Networks

In this letter we discuss the exploitation of aggregated mobility patterns in mobile networks including heterogeneous multiple access techniques. We advocate the use of knowledge about neighboring devices to create routing groups (RGs) of adjacent nodes in order to optimize radio resource management. Basically, RGs consist of aggregated logical structures which are built and maintained at the application layer. Their use allows decreased signaling overhead between groups of nodes and access points (AP) and, at the same time, improved connectivity, which is achieved through the exploitation of technology diversity and relaying schemes. We illustrate a simple yet effective analytical model, and validate it through accurate simulation results. Finally, we show the effectiveness of the RG approach in terms of resource efficiency, throughput and multiple access performance.     

Semantic Knowledge Management for Education

ldquoSemantic technologiesrdquo are touted as the next big wave in educational technology and as the solution to many problems in this arena. Interdisciplinary work between the fields of knowledge management (KM) and educational technology (ET) is booming. But the crop of actual systems and semantically enhanced learning objects is still meager, maybe because KM and EL are lacking a consensus on the underlying notions, e.g., of ldquosemantics,rdquo yielding specific problems in their interplay. In this paper, we look at semantic educational technologies and draw conclusions for their approach in KM. In particular, we (re)evaluate the notions of semantics, knowledge, and learning; their role for learning materials in ET; and how they interact with the contexts involved in the learning/teaching process. Based on this, we distill a list of conditions the underlying knowledge representation format must fulfil to support these. As these conditions are still rather abstract, we show how they can be realized in a concrete language design, taking in our open mathematical documents format OMDoc as a point of departure.     

基于知识(规则)的高层次工艺映射方法

该文研究高级综合结果与后端工艺的衔接问题。提出一种基于知识的高层次工艺映射方法。深入研究其中知识表示、知识运用和知识获取等各个重要环节。包括:(1)提出一种表达电路结构知识的扩充产生式表示;(2)提出基于超高速硬件描述语言(VHDL)的工艺映射知识获取方法;(3)给出知识运用的求解控制策略和算法;(4)提出一种能查出冗余性和矛盾性的半自动知识库维护方法;(5)提出将算法嵌入知识系统,降低知识库复杂度的实用化方法。所实现的系统已完成与三种工艺衔接,验证了本文工作。     

基于开放教育的知识管理系统架构研究

采用基于语义网技术的知识管理系统将知识以本体的方式表现,并将本体采取知识管理的方式加以利用,在开放教育机构的海量数据中挖掘出有用的知识对于我国学习型社会的创建具有积极的意义,同时也是综合应用语义技术,建立知识发现与管理的应用系统综合研究的一个重要方向。     

基于RDBMS的操作票专家系统设计

结合人工智能、知识库系统和关系型数据库管理系统（RDBMS）的基本原理提出一种基于关系数据库的操作票专家系统的体系结构，将成熟的关系数据库技术应用于知识库，具有实用性和灵活性。所设计的操作票专家系统具有易维护、易扩充、易修改的特点，系统的通用性有很大的提高。     

基于关系模型的语义网络知识表示研究

关系数据库理论基础坚实、技术成熟、产品丰富,多年来一直是存储和处理大数据量的研究和应用首选。如何在关系数据库强大的存储和处理能力基础上建立知识库,一直是知识工程和智能系统研究与应用人员重点研究的内容,也是知识管理走向应用的技术瓶颈。文中提出了语义网络的关系模型,并用实例论述了语义网络知识的关系数据表的存储。     

Knowledge representation and sharing using visual semantic modeling for diagnostic medical image databases.

Information technology offers great opportunities for supporting radiologists' expertise in decision support and training. However, this task is challenging due to difficulties in articulating and modeling visual patterns of abnormalities in a computational way. To address these issues, well established approaches to content management and image retrieval have been studied and applied to assist physicians in diagnoses. Unfortunately, most of the studies lack the flexibility of sharing both explicit and tacit knowledge involved in the decision making process, while adapting to each individual's opinion. In this paper, we propose a knowledge repository and exchange framework for diagnostic image databases called "evolutionary system for semantic exchange of information in collaborative environments" (Essence). This framework uses semantic methods to describe visual abnormalities, and offers a solution for tacit knowledge elicitation and exchange in the medical domain. Also, our approach provides a computational and visual mechanism for associating synonymous semantics of visual abnormalities. We conducted several experiments to demonstrate the system's capability of matching synonym terms, and the benefit of using tacit knowledge in improving the meaningfulness of semantic queries.     

基于企业管理信息系统的知识管理

介绍了知识管理的概念 ,其核心内容是企业知识的收集、共享、分类、检索、使用和创新。而管理信息系统是建立在信息技术基础上 ,为企业决策层及员工提供决策运行手段的管理平台。将知识管理有机地融入企业的管理信息系统中 ,将极大地提高企业管理信息系统的应用水平 ,使企业真正成为具有国际竞争力的“知识型”企业。     

软件技术专业知识地图的应用研究

知识地图作为知识管理的工具,研究得越来越热烈。文中旨在结合软件技术专业对知识地图的实际需求,探讨了软件技术专业知识地图的功能,提出了相应的设计思路和总体框架,并在此基础上构建了4种知识地图,即概念型知识地图、流程型知识地图、职称型知识地图和社会关系型知识地图,最后着重探讨了知识地图自动更新中文本自动分类的方法,在一定程度上深化了软件技术专业知识地图的相关研究。     

基于事例推理的质量管理系统模型的建立

随着企业信息化的发展，数据库技术广泛应用于质量管理中，汽车企业积累了大量的数据．如何发现这些数据背后隐藏的有用信息以及运用这些信息指导生产，成为企业亟待解决的问题。     

Strategies for implementing knowledge-based systems

The effective management of knowledge is important for the competitivity of organizations. Rapid technological progress over the last decade has made knowledge-based systems (KBSs) (including expert systems, organizational memory information systems, and other advanced information technology solutions) an integral part of every organization's effort to manage its knowledge assets effectively, KBSs have an important impact on all levels of organizational knowledge: individual, group, organizational, and knowledge links. This paper outlines four generic knowledge processing strategies to guide the implementation of KBSs within organizations. These generic strategies are related both to the level of knowledge assets under consideration and the locus of responsibility for the development of KBS. The different knowledge processing strategies influence the management of knowledge possible within an organization and consequently influence the development of KBS within the organization. The paper also outlines different facilitators and barriers to the four knowledge processing strategies