纤维增强复合材料的界面力学性能测定方法

本文简述了当前测定纤维增强复合材料界面力学性能的方法。     

界面粘接对填充复合材料力学性能的影响

利用原位聚合的方法将聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）包覆在滑石粉的表面,制得了含PMMA粘接层的滑石粉／PVC复合材料。聚合物粘接层类似于粘接材料的粘接剂的作用,它很好地改善了复合材料的界面粘附性,提高了复合材料的机械强度,由于聚合物粘和基体聚合物的相互扩散以及界面内应力的存在,和昨合材料中存在一个最佳的聚合物粘接层。     

基于有限元法的碳纳米管增强环氧树脂复合材料力学性能预测

摘要：通过Python二次开发随机吸附性算法(RSA),建立三维随机分布碳纳米管增强环氧树脂复合材料的代表体积元有限元模型(RVE),采用有限元方法对RVE进行均匀化计算,分别对横观各向同性的纳米填料和各向同性的基体进行材料属性赋予和网格划分,得到不同纳米填料体积分数的RVE的有效拉伸弹性模量及剪切弹性模量,并与Mori-Tanaka方法得到的理论弹性模量对比。结果表明,该方法可较为准确地预测纳米填料增强复合材料的弹性模量,误差在5.4%以内,剪切弹性模量预测误差最小值为0.54%。通过Abaqus进行动力学分析,提取RVE的固有频率和振型,证明RVE的固有频率随纳米填料体积分数的提高而上升。RVE对低体积分数的纳米填料增强复合材料具有较好的预测效果,为构建纳米填料随机分布的复合材料提供了更为真实有效的模型。     

界面强度对玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯复合材料静态和动态力学性能影响

采用3种高强高模玻璃纤维与不饱和树脂,分别制备了3种单向板复合材料和3种织物复合材料,通过纤维束拔出法和韦布分析法表征了3种玻璃纤维与不饱和树脂间的界面结合强度,并研究了界面强度与复合材料静态和动态力学性能。结果表明:3种纤维的本征界面强度分别为27.12,34.91,35.60MPa;界面强度对复合材料静态力学与疲劳性能有着重要的影响,但对模量的影响较小。随着界面强度的增加,90°方向的拉伸强度逐渐增加,但是0°方向上的拉伸强度反而下降。当疲劳应变较低时,界面强度的增加有助于疲劳性能的提高;但当疲劳应变提高时,界面强度对疲劳性能的影响降低,与材料初始强度反而有着明显的相关性。     

地聚物骨料粒径对HS-ECC力学性能的影响

高强度工程水泥基复合材料(HS-ECC)中的精细硅砂骨料粒径通常小于0.30 mm,价格昂贵且不利于减少HS-ECC收缩,同时精细硅砂的开采和加工会对环境产生一定的负面影响。本文利用粒径在0.30～<4.75 mm的地聚物骨料(GPA)作为精细硅砂的替代骨料制备HS-ECC,GPA的粒径被划分为三组,分别为0.30～<1.18 mm、1.18～<2.36 mm、2.36～<4.75 mm,以研究各粒径区间对HS-ECC抗压强度、拉伸应变能力及微观结构的影响规律。结果表明：GPA粒径与石英砂骨料相同时,HS-ECC延性得到了显著提升,但对抗压强度及抗拉强度影响较小,平均裂缝宽度和平均裂缝间距均明显减小,GPA-水泥基质界面过渡区宽度大于石英砂-水泥基质界面过渡区宽度;GPA粒径不同时,HS-ECC的延性、抗压强度和抗拉强度均随GPA粒径的增大而减小,平均裂缝宽度和平均裂缝间距均随GPA粒径的增大而增大,GPA-水泥基质界面过渡区宽度随GPA粒径增大而减小。     

玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料的界面及性能研究

本文综述了玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料的特点与应用,通过对材料界面横晶的产生和其对界面剪切强度的影响的研究,以及玻纤表面处理方法的讨论,为更好地改善材料性能提供了帮助。     

基于等效夹杂理论的混杂纤维复合材料有效弹性模量预测

混杂纤维复合材料能够综合多种纤维优点,提高单一纤维增强复合材料的力学性能。为了预测混杂纤维复合材料的力学性能,基于等效夹杂理论和分步均匀化方法,提出了一种混杂纤维复合材料有效弹性模量的细观力学模型。以剑麻(SF)/玄武岩纤维(BF)增强聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料为例,采用细观力学模型对其有效弹性模量进行预测,并将预测结果、ABAQUS有限元软件模拟结果和试验结果进行对比,表明混杂纤维质量分数在27.27%以下时,预测结果与试验值的相对误差保持在15.26%以下,并且细观力学模型预测值较有限元模拟值更接近试验结果。最后对SF/BF混杂增强PLA复合材料拉伸弹性模量影响因素进行分析,比较了相同纤维质量含量的BF和SF对PLA复合材料拉伸弹性模量的影响,结果表明复合材料拉伸弹性模量随纤维拉伸弹性模量的增大而增大。     

HGB周期增强复合材料有效性能及界面应力场数值分析

采用周期和对称理论将空心玻璃微珠(HGB)周期增强环氧树脂复合材料模型简化为立方体元,利用有限元方法,分析了微珠填充比、壁厚两个因素对材料宏观有效弹性模量及泊松比等弹性常数的影响规律,并研究了材料界面应力场分布情况。研究发现,材料宏观有效弹性模量及泊松比均与微珠填充比、壁厚密切相关;它们之间的关系遵循提出的Φ-t等效原理。并得出界面脱黏现象主要是由界面处径向应力造成的。     

玻纤/环氧复合材料力学性能和界面参数的实验研究

本文对玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的力学性能,包括刚度、强度、横截面内的油松比以及界面参数作了较为详细的实验研究。着重研究试件制作过程中温度和压力以及它们的维持时间对各种性能参数的影响。界面参数的计算采用Hashin在1990年提出的一种自洽模型。     

界面改性方法对玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

在对玻璃纤维的偶联剂处理,基体接枝改性的基础上,考察不同界面改性方法对玻纤增强聚丙烯力学性能的影响,并通过扫描电镜对玻纤增强聚丙烯的界面进行研究。结果表明,经偶联剂表面处理的玻纤与未经接枝改性的聚丙烯不能形成有效的界面粘结,力学性能较差,而与接枝改性的聚丙烯界面粘结较好,力学性能也有较大幅度的提高;经偶联剂处理的玻纤能与改性聚丙烯形成良好的界面粘结,改善复合材料的力学性能,偶联剂种类的变化在一定程度上能够改善复合材料的性能。     

Effects of fiber aggregates on the transverse mechanical behavior of commingled PP–glass fiber composites

In previous articles, mechanical models were proposed to predict the reinforcement effect of polymers by particulates as well as unidirectional fibers over wide ranges of volume fraction of fillers and temperatures. On the basis of image analyses and the definition of representative morphological motifs, these models are able to predict the viscoelastic properties of quasi‐isotropic and unidirectional composites or to extract the behavior of a phase, such as the interphase in filled rubbers or the transcrystalline phase in semicrystalline polymers. In this work, based on a 2D image processing, this approach is extended to predict the viscoelastic properties of commingled PP–glass fiber composites. It is shown that fiber aggregates, composed of fibers and surrounding polymer, might be considered as the reinforcing phase. In addition, the different failure modes of these composites are separated as a function of the volume fraction of fillers or temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3466–3476, 2006     

Carbon fiber‐reinforced gelatin composites. I. Preparation and mechanical properties

Composites were made from carbon fibers and gelatin using a solvent‐casting or solution‐impregnation technique. Relationships between the fiber volume fraction (Vf), glycerol (plasticizer) content, gelatin content, fiber form, and mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus, elongation at break, and shear strength) of the composites were investigated. In long carbon fiber gelatin composite (C_L/Gel), tensile strength, modulus, and shear strength increased steadily with the Vf. In the case of a short carbon fiber gelatin composite (C_S/Gel), an initial improvement in tensile strength and modulus was followed by a reduction, whereas the shear strength improved with the Vf and then reached a constant value. The elongation decreased with the Vf for both composites. It is shown that C_L/Gel had higher values of strength, modulus, and elongation than did C_S/Gel at any Vf level. The effects of glycerol and gelatin contents on the mechanical properties of the composites were found to be much less significant as compared to the Vf. According to scanning electron microscopic observation of the fracture surfaces, the fibers were uniformly distributed in the gelatin matrix, but the interfacial adhesion between the gelatin matrix and the carbon fibers was not very good for both composites. Fiber surface modification would be necessary to further improve the mechanical properties of the two composites. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 987–993, 2000     

Bamboo fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites: A study of the mechanical properties

A new type of bamboo fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite was prepared and its mechanical properties were tested. To enhance the adhesion between the bamboo fiber and the polypropylene matrix, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was prepared and used as a compatibilizer for the composite. The maleic anhydride content of the MAPP was 0.5 wt %. It was found that with 24 wt % of such MAPP being used in the composite formulation, the mechanical properties of the composite such as the tensile modulus, the tensile strength, and the impact strength all increased significantly. The new composite has a tensile strength of 32–36 MPa and a tensile modulus of 5–6 GPa. Compared to the commercially available wood pulp board, the new material is lighter, water-resistant, cheaper, and more importantly has a tensile strength that is more than three times higher than that of the commercial product. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1891–1899, 1998     

尼龙6改性研究

采用经化学改性的芳纶纤维增强尼龙6,并通过红外光谱和电镜分析其界面层,结果表明芳纶纤维经异氰酸酯化及封端稳定处理后,其表面所接技的不稳定基团-NCO转化成稳定的-NHCO-,封端结果较为明显;改性后纤维表面附有接枝物,从而使表面粗糙程度大大增加。用挤出和注塑的方法加工了PA6／Kevlar纤维（KF）复合材料,研究了它的拉伸、弯曲和冲击性能破坏形态。力学性能测试表明了改性尼龙6复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度得到了改善,但冲击性能略为下降。     

Enhanced interfacial strength and mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites by introducing functionalized silica nanoparticles into the interface

Introducing nanoparticles onto the surface of carbon fibers (CFs) is a useful method for enhancing the quality of fiber-matrix interface. In this work, a liquid sizing agent containing functionalized silica nanoparticles (SiO₂) was well prepared to improve interfacial strength and mechanical properties of composites. In order to enhance the dispersion of SiO₂ nanoparticles in sizing agent, SiO₂ nanoparticles were chemically grafted with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), and then silanized silica (SiO₂-APS) was introduced into the interphase by a conventional sizing process as well. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the successful preparation of SiO₂-APS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that a uniform distribution of SiO₂-APS on the fiber surface and the increased surface roughness. The sized fibers (CF/SiO₂-APS) exhibited a high surface free energy and good wettability based on a dynamic contact angle testing. Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of untreated and sized CFs composites were investigated. Simultaneous enhancements of interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and impact toughness of CF/SiO₂-APS composites were achieved, increasing 44.79% in ILSS and 31.53% in impact toughness compared to those of untreated composites. Moreover, flexural strength and modulus of composites increased by 32.22 and 50.0% according to flexural test. In addition, the hydrothermal aging resistance of CF/SiO₂-APS composites has been improved significantly owing to the introduced Si-O-Si bonds at the interface.     

Electromagnetic wave absorption and mechanical properties of silicon carbide fibers reinforced silicon nitride matrix composites

It is difficult for ceramic matrix composites to combine good electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption properties (reflection coefficient, RC less than -7 dB in X band) and good mechanical properties (flexural strength more than 300 MPa and fracture toughness more than 10 M P·m^1/2). To solve this problem, two kinds of wave-absorbing SiC fibers reinforced Si₃N₄ matrix composites (SiC_f/Si₃N₄) were designed and fabricated via chemical vapor infiltration technique. Effects of conductivity on EM wave absorbing properties and fiber/matrix bonding strength on mechanical properties were studied. The SiC_f/Si₃N₄ composite, having a relatively low conductivity (its conduction loss is about 33% of the total dielectric loss) has good EMW absorption properties, i.e. a relative complex permittivity of about 9.2-j6.4 at 10 GHz and an RC lower than ?7.2 dB in the whole X band. Its low relative complex permittivity matches impedances between composites and air better, and its strong polarization relaxation loss ability help it to absorb more EM wave energy. Moreover, with a suitably strong fiber/matrix bonding strength, the composite can transfer load more effectively from matrix to fibers, resulting in a higher flexural strength (380 MPa) and fracture toughness (12.9 MPa?m^1/2).     

Dynamic mechanical and mechanical properties of polypropylene/poly(vinyl butyral)/mica composites

Three-component composites consisting of polypropylene (PP) matrix, poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) modifier, and mica filler at various ratios of matrix to modifies and a constant mica content (30 wt %) were prepared by using two different kinds of PVB, viz., PVB and PVB-P. By correlating with the morphology, the dynamic mechanical and mechanical properties of the composites are studied in detail. PVB component in PP/PVB/mica composites cannot display a reinforcing effect to PP/mica binary composites, while impact strength of the composites are reduced further. It associates with incompatibility between PP and PVB, and as well as higher glass transition temperature of PVB. For PP/PVB-P/mica composites, stiffness decreases and, meanwhile, impact strength increases when PVB-P content is 7 wt %. The improvement of impact strength on PP/mica binary composites at the composition is due to a little affinity between the PP matrix and the plasticizer of PVB-P. Moreover, a minor amount of PP-g-MA in the 63/7/30 PP/PVB/mica composites only acts as an adhesion promoter. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2003–2011, 1997     

苎麻落麻纤维增强TPS全降解复合材料力学性能的研究

以苎麻落麻纤维为增强体,甘油/尿素/山梨醇为复合增塑剂塑化的淀粉为基质,制备全降解复合材料,并研究了纤维长度和纤维含量对复合材料的力学性能的影响。结果表明,苎麻纤维和TPS具有良好的界面结合,复合材料的拉伸强度和模量随着苎麻纤维长度和含量的增加而增加,达到25.14 MPa和1 136.36 MPa,接近于未加入纤维时的2倍,断裂伸长率明显下降,但是纤维含量的增加对断裂伸长率的影响不大。弯曲强度和模量与拉伸强度和模量呈现相似的增长趋势。     

The effect of various anhydride modifications on mechanical properties and water absorption of oil palm empty fruit bunches reinforced polyester composites

The chemical modification of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) using non‐catalysed reaction with acetic, propionic and succinic anhydrides were investigated. Proof of modification was indicated by the increase of weight and was confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared analysis (FT‐IR). The mechanical and water‐absorption properties of all anhydride‐modified EFB composites were evaluated at different volume fractions (V_f). The properties were improved for these modified fibres, whereas unmodified EFB fibres exhibited poor mechanical properties and higher water absorption. Acetic anhydride modification showed the greatest benefit on composite properties, followed by propionic and succinic anhydride modification. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Mechanical properties and water absorption of fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites prepared by bagasse and beech fiber

The present study investigates the tensile, flexural, notched Izod impact, and water absorption properties of bagasse and beech reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites as a function of fiber content. The surface of fibers was modified through the use of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent. From this study, it was found that mechanical properties increase with an increase in fiber loading in both cases. However, the addition of wood fibers resulted in a decrease in impact strength of the composites. The water absorption property at varying fiber loading was evaluated and found maximum for the BA/PP composites. The weight gains for all specimens were less than 7%. In general, the results showed the usefulness of bagasse fiber as a good alternative and reinforcing agent for composite. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009