绿茶膳食纤维粉对大鼠的减肥降脂作用研究

考察绿茶膳食纤维粉对高脂饲料诱导的肥胖大鼠的减肥降脂作用。采用预防大鼠肥胖模型法,以SD雄性大鼠为研究对象,持续灌胃绿茶膳食纤维粉6周后,测定大鼠体重、身长、Lee's指数、肾脏和睾丸周围的脂肪质量以及血脂变化。结果表明,绿茶膳食纤维粉能显著降低大鼠体重以及肾脏和睾丸周围脂肪质量,降低血清总胆固醇(TC)、血清甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量(P0.05),说明绿茶膳食纤维粉具有减肥降脂作用。     

生姜油对营养性肥胖大鼠减肥降脂作用的研究

为了研究生姜油对营养性肥胖大鼠的减肥降脂作用。参考卫生部保健食品减肥作用功能性评价,给刚断乳的雄性大鼠饲喂营养性饲料,6周后造成营养性肥胖模型,分组给药4周,观察体重和血脂的变化。结果表明,生姜油能有效地降低肥胖大鼠的体重和睾周脂肪和肾周脂肪的重量,降低血清总胆固醇(TC)及血清甘油三酯(TG)含量(p<0.05)。生姜油具有减肥降脂作用。     

高粱淀粉及抗性淀粉对高脂饮食诱导大鼠体脂分布研究

为了解高粱淀粉及抗性淀粉对饮食诱导肥胖大鼠降脂减肥效果,该文以不同高脂饮食诱导超重(≥10%²0%正常体重)和肥胖(≥20%正常体重)模型大鼠为研究对象,分别给予模型大鼠含有30%高粱淀粉(SS)和高粱抗性淀粉(SRS)的高脂饲料喂养8周,研究其对大鼠体重、大鼠肾脏、小肠和睾丸组织周围脂肪含量和脂肪组织变化影响,结果表明高粱SS和RS可以影响大鼠体脂分布,尤其可显著影响超重大鼠体脂含量变化,且RS效果优于SS。     

茶多酚对肥胖大鼠血清瘦素、胰岛素及血脂的影响

探讨茶多酚对单纯性肥胖大鼠血清瘦素、胰岛素及血脂的影响并观察其功效。采用高脂饲料喂养建立肥胖大鼠模型,测定体重、脂肪质量形态学指标,Lee's指数,判定其减肥效果;测定血清瘦素,胰岛素,血糖等,判定其对肥胖的影响;测定血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白(LD)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)等指标,判定其对血脂的影响。茶多酚高剂量组对大鼠减肥效果比较明显,且减肥同时血脂、血糖有不同程度的降低,减肥有效时血清瘦素、胰岛素水平明显降低。因此,茶多酚具有一定的降脂减肥作用,但不排除其作用是由多方机制的结果。     

香蕉粉等5种产品的减肥功能研究

研究香蕉粉、魔芋精粉、抗性糊精、玉米淀粉、左旋肉碱等5种产品对营养性肥胖大鼠的减肥作用。采用营养性肥胖模型法,选取奥利司他作为阳性对照,分别以2.5 g/kg BW·d的剂量饲喂营养性肥胖大鼠,研究不同产品灌胃后营养性肥胖大鼠体重、体脂含量、血糖、血脂水平的变化,观察肝脏病理切片结果,对其减肥功能进行评价。结果表明:香蕉粉和魔芋精粉呈现出控制肥胖大鼠体重增加的效果,香蕉粉组大鼠体内脂肪质量显著低于肥胖对照组(p0.05);香蕉粉可显著降低肥胖大鼠血糖(GLU)水平(p0.05),抗性糊精、魔芋精粉、左旋肉碱可显著降低肥胖大鼠总胆固醇(TC)水平(P0.05)。香蕉粉可在一定程度上改善肥胖大鼠脂肪肝现象。结论:香蕉粉、魔芋精粉、抗性糊精、玉米淀粉、左旋肉碱5种产品在减轻体重或降低体脂、血脂或改善脂肪肝现象方面有一定的效果,且综合多指标结果,香蕉粉的减肥效果较好。     

L-阿拉伯糖对正常及高糖高脂喂养大鼠生长及糖脂代谢的影响

目的观察L-阿拉伯糖对正常大鼠和高糖高脂喂养大鼠生长及糖脂代谢的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠60只,按体重和空腹血糖随机分为6组(n=10):空白对照组、高剂量对照组、模型对照组以及L-阿拉伯糖低、中、高剂量实验组,分别以普通饲料和高糖高脂饲料喂养6周,观察大鼠的体重、食物利用率,测定大鼠的糖脂代谢指标。结果L-阿拉伯糖对正常大鼠的体重、体脂、食物利用率、空腹血糖均无影响;能显著提高正常大鼠的糖耐量(P<0.01);降低正常大鼠的血清甘油三酯(P<0.05)并增高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(P<0.01)。模型对照组和各实验组大鼠的体重、体脂、糖耐量、血清总胆固醇均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05)。以87.5、175、525mg/kgBW剂量的L-阿拉伯糖灌胃高糖高脂饲料喂养的肥胖模型大鼠6周,各剂量L-阿拉伯糖均能显著改善肥胖模型大鼠的糖耐量(P<0.01),高剂量组大鼠的体脂含量明显下降(P<0.05)。结论L-阿拉伯糖能显著增强正常和高糖高脂喂养大鼠的糖耐量,降低大鼠血清甘油三酯,增高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,并有降低大鼠体脂含量和减缓体重增加的趋势。     

复合蛋白肽对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的：探究复合蛋白肽对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠糖脂代谢的改善作用。方法：将雄性SD大鼠随机分为肥胖模型组、空白对照组，肥胖模型组给予高脂饲料持续喂养4w,筛选肥胖敏感大鼠分为低(LPP)、中(MPP)、高(HPP)剂量组，饲料中复合蛋白肽的含量分别为25%、50%、100%,另设与低、中剂量组等热量饲喂的模型对照组1(MC1)和高剂量组等热量的模型对照组2(MC2)。给予复合蛋白肽干预4w后，检测各组大鼠体重与脂肪含量、肝脏脂肪蓄积以及棕色脂肪能量代谢相关蛋白情况。结果：复合蛋白肽能够显著降低肥胖大鼠的体重、脂肪含量及血脂水平，同时能够降低肝脏脂滴密度，增加线粒体氧化磷酸化复合物(OXPHOS)、解偶联蛋白1(UCP1)表达水平。结论：复合蛋白肽能降低肥胖大鼠体内脂肪含量和血脂水平，可能与增强棕色脂肪组织中OXPHOS和UCP1表达相关。     

L-阿拉伯糖对营养性肥胖大鼠的减肥作用研究

通过高脂饮食诱导建立营养性肥胖大鼠模型,研究L-阿拉伯糖(LA)对其的减肥作用。通过高脂饮食诱导60 d建立肥胖模型,灌胃给予治疗80 d,检测体重、血糖、肥胖指数(Lee’s指数)、脂肪湿重、脂肪系数和肝指数的变化情况。结果发现,灌胃治疗80 d后,与肥胖模型组相比,L-阿拉伯糖给药组能明显减轻肥胖大鼠体重,明显抑制血糖升高,明显降低Lee’s指数、脂肪湿重、脂肪系数和肝指数。L-阿拉伯糖对营养性肥胖大鼠有较好的减肥和降血糖效果。     

红茶提取物减肥作用研究

本文研究了红茶热水浸提物、茶多酚及茶多糖提取物对大鼠的减肥作用。通过饲喂高脂饲料建立大鼠肥胖模型,检测不同红茶提取物对肥胖大鼠体重、李氏指数、脂肪重量、相关生化指标、脂肪细胞形态数量以及粪便脂肪酸含量等指标的影响。结果表明:红茶各提取物能显著降低肥胖大鼠体重、李氏指数、脂肪重量、血清甘油三酯含量以及肝脏总胆固醇含量(分别平均下降20.93%、3.04%、37.08%、51.08%和41.84%),增加血清脂联素浓度及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(分别平均上升45.64%和46.74%),提高肝脏中SOD活力41.48%,抑制脂肪细胞膨大,升高粪便脂肪酸含量75.22%;红茶热水浸提物可显著降低血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量50.00%。因此红茶提取物具有减肥作用,减轻体重和内脏脂肪重量,改善脂联素、血脂及抗氧化水平,减少脂肪细胞积累,促进脂肪酸随粪便排出,这一研究发现对人类预防和控制肥胖具有重要意义。     

n-3PUFA对不同饮食大鼠体重、hs-CPR及凝血功能的影响

考察n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对不同饲料喂养大鼠体重、hs-CRP及凝血功能的影响。将140只SD大鼠分为随机分成14个小组,分别为:空白对照组(普通饲料喂养),高糖高脂对照组(高糖高脂饲料喂养),普通饲料喂养的α-亚麻酸和深海鱼油高、中、低剂量组,高糖高脂饲料喂养的α-亚麻酸和深海鱼油高、中、低剂量组。α-亚麻酸和深海鱼油高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃150、300、600 mg/kg的α-亚麻酸和深海鱼油。实验期间,每周对大鼠的体重进行一次称量。连续灌胃56天后,分别对各组大鼠的超敏C-反应蛋白和凝血四项进行测定。结果表明:n-3 PUFA能使普通饲料喂养大鼠的体重明显增加,体重增加的效果和用高糖高脂饲料喂养大鼠导致的体重增加相当。ALA对两种饲料喂养大鼠的hsCRP以及凝血四项都没有影响。深海鱼油对普通饲料喂养大鼠的hs-CRP以及凝血四项没有影响,但是能显著性升高用高糖高脂饲料喂养大鼠的hs-CRP(与空白对照组及高糖高脂对照组相比,P0.01),同时显著性降低APTT(与空白对照组相比,P0.05)。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the