东北林蛙皮精制多糖的体外抗氧化活性研究

以抗坏血酸(VC)为对照,采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、邻二氮菲-Fe氧化法、DPPH法和总抗氧化能力测定林蛙皮精制多糖的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:林蛙皮精制多糖对超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)、羟基自由基(.OH)、DPPH自由基均有不同程度的清除能力,当多糖浓度为0.1mg/mL时,多糖的总抗氧化能力为1.48mmol/g。随着林蛙皮多糖浓度的增加,抗氧化能力均进一步提高,说明林蛙皮精制多糖具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

洋葱皮中粗多糖的体外抗氧化及抗菌作用效果研究

为探究洋葱皮中多糖的体外抗氧化及抗菌作用,试验对洋葱皮中多糖的体外抗氧化及抗菌作用效果进行了研究。试验结果表明,洋葱粗多糖具有一定的体外抗氧化能力,在洋葱粗多糖的质量浓度达到2 mg/m L时,对羟基自由基和DPPH自由基的清除能力均达到90%,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力达到30%,因此洋葱粗多糖对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基都具有较好的清除能力;洋葱粗多糖对大肠杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌以及枯草芽孢杆菌具有一定的抑制作用,在洋葱粗多糖的质量浓度达到0.08 mg/m L时,其抑菌圈直径均在10 mm以上,且抑菌效果随洋葱粗多糖浓度的升高逐渐增强。     

利用电子自旋共振技术研究黄海海燕体壁多糖的体外抗氧化活性

以新鲜黄海海燕体壁为原料,制备粗多糖及精多糖。采用电子自旋共振波谱技术(ESR),检测不同浓度的黄海海燕体壁粗多糖及精多糖对羟基自由基、DPPH和超氧阴离子的清除能力。结果表明:黄海海燕体壁粗多糖及精多糖对羟基自由基、DPPH和超氧阴离子的清除能力随浓度升高而增强,黄海海燕体壁粗多糖对3种自由基清除能力的IC50值分别为59.56,27.29,32.36mg/mL;精多糖对3种自由基清除能力的IC50值分别为44.96,13.97,30.51mg/mL。在相同多糖干粉浓度下,黄海海燕体壁精多糖对羟基自由基、DPPH和超氧阴离子的清除能力强于黄海海燕体壁粗多糖。     

4种天然物质抗氧化能力的研究

为研究单宁、人参皂苷、枸杞多糖、虾青素4种天然物质的抗氧化能力,测定4种天然物质的自由基清除能力、金属离子螯合能力、总还原能力、脂质抗氧化能力等体外抗氧化能力指标。结果表明:在质量浓度0.2 mg/mL～1.0 mg/mL,单宁清除DPPH、ABTS+自由基能力及其总还原能力、脂质抗氧化能力、螯合金属离子能力最强;人参皂苷清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力最强;枸杞多糖在质量浓度0.2 mg/mL～0.8 mg/mL对羟基自由基清除能力最强,虾青素清除DPPH自由基能力在0.6 mg/mL～1.0 mg/mL高于人参皂苷及枸杞多糖。经主成分分析,单宁的DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除能力及总还原能力、金属离子螯合能力较好。虾青素的DPPH自由基清除能力,人参皂苷清除超氧阴离子自由基能力较好,枸杞多糖的羟基自由基清除能力及总还原能力较好。     

石榴籽多酚的体外抗氧化活性

目的:为拓展石榴籽开发用途,了解其多酚粗提物和纯化物的体外抗氧化活性作用强弱。方法:本实验采用有机溶剂浸提法提取石榴籽中的多酚物质并以有机溶剂萃取法进行纯化,采用ABTS法、邻苯三酚自氧化法、Fenton法和DPPH法测定了石榴籽粗提液及纯化液对ABTS自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子和DPPH自由基的清除能力。结果表明,石榴籽中的多酚粗提液和纯化液对ABTS、DPPH自由基均有较强的清除能力,而对超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力较弱;多酚粗提液清除ABTS、DPPH自由基的IC₅₀值分别为37.13 191.82 μg/mL,多酚纯化液清除ABTS、DPPH自由基的IC₅₀值分别为29.11、143.26 μg/mL;纯化液对ABTS自由基、羟基自由基及DPPH自由基的清除能力强于粗提液。     

肉桂精油抗氧化性能及清除自由基能力的研究

对肉桂精油(CEO)的抗氧化和清除游离基活性的比较是基于总体抗氧化能力、清除超氧阴离子自由基能力、清除羟基自由基能力、抗亚油酸脂质过氧化能力、清除DPPH自由基5个方面,并与其他的合成抗氧化剂如BHT、PG做比较。实验结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,CEO的羟自由基清除能力强于BHT和PG;清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力强于PG;清除DPPH自由基能力、抗氧化活性比BHT和PG弱;CEO抑制亚油酸的过氧化能力比BHT和PG略弱。实验表明了CEO在某些方面具有良好的抗氧化效果。     

莳萝叶精油抗氧化性质的研究

从总抗氧化活性、羟自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和抑制卵黄脂质过氧化能力5方面评价了莳萝叶精油(DEO)的抗氧化活性,并将其与合成抗氧化剂PG进行比较,结果发现莳萝叶精油的总抗氧化活性、清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基能力较强,且强于PG,但是其清除DPPH自由基和抑制脂质过氧化的能力不及PG。     

茶树菇多糖抗氧化性能的研究

采用水提醇沉的方法从茶树菇子实体中提取茶树菇粗多糖,经DEAE-SephadexA-25柱层析得到茶树菇纯多糖.研究茶树菇粗多糖的还原能力及清除亚硝酸根的作用,考察茶树菇纯多糖对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子的清除作用,以此来评价该多糖的抗氧化活性.结果表明,茶树菇多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化性能,对亚硝酸根,羟基自由基及超氧阴离子具有明显的清除作用.     

黄酒酒糟的抗氧化活性分析

对黄酒酒糟的抗氧化能力进行了初步分析研究,使用的抗氧化指标为总抗氧化能力、还原能力、清除DPPH自由基能力、清除超氧阴离子能力,并使用BHA作为对照;用福林酚法测定黄酒中的总酚含量。结果表明,黄酒酒糟有一定的总抗氧化能力、还原能力、清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子的能力;每克黄酒酒糟中含有144μg的酚类物质,可以部分地解释黄酒酒糟的抗氧化能力。     

黄酒的抗氧化活性研究

对三年陈、五年陈黄酒的抗氧化能力进行了初步检测,使用的抗氧化指标为总抗氧化能力、还原能力、清除DPPH自由基能力、清除超氧阴离子能力,用BHA、BHT作对照;用福林酚法测定黄酒中的总酚含量.结果表明, 黄酒有较强的总抗氧化能力、还原能力、清除DPPH自由基能力、超氧阴离子的能力;黄酒中含有249μg/mL的酚类物质,赋予了黄酒的抗氧化能力.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the