壳聚糖微球固定化葡萄糖氧化酶的研究

以壳聚糖微球为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,固定葡萄糖氧化酶,对葡萄糖氧化酶的固定化条件及固定化酶的各种性质进行了研究,确定了酶固定的最佳条件为0.1g壳聚糖微球与5ml5%戊二醛交联,固定6mg葡萄糖氧化酶,在此条件下酶活力回收可达60%。固定化酶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH为6.0,通过Lineweaver-Burk作图,确定动力学参数Km值为18.3mmol/L,表观米氏常数较游离酶有所降低,固定化酶的热稳定性较游离酶明显提高,该固定化酶具有良好的操作及保存稳定性。     

交联壳聚糖载体固定化柚苷酶工艺

以戊二醛为交联剂,壳聚糖为载体,采用交联-吸附偶联法固定柚苷酶,通过单因素和正交试验优化确定最佳固定化工艺。结果表明,柚苷酶的最佳固定化条件为：以质量浓度为3.5g/100mL的壳聚糖制备的凝胶微球为载体,凝结剂NaOH质量浓度1.0g/100mL、戊二醛体积分数7.0%、交联时间2.0h、pH 4.0、酶液质量浓度2.0mg/mL、25℃时吸附交联3.0h,得到固定化酶最高酶比活力为7.37U/g;与游离酶相比而言,固定化酶最适pH值与最适反应温度均无明显变化;固定化酶在不同温度(40、50、60℃)条件下重复使用7次,相对酶活力仍能保持在70%、60%和50%以上。     

壳聚糖—戊二醛固定化木聚糖酶的技术研究

采用壳聚糖微球一戊二醛交联的方法固定木聚糖酶,探讨壳聚糖浓度、戊二醛体积分数和交联时间对固定化酶相对酶活力的影响.以正交试验确定木聚糖酶的最佳固定化条件,比较固定化酶与其游离酶的最适反应pH值、pH值稳定性、最适反应温度及热稳定性.结果表明,在壳聚糖质量浓度0.1g/mL、戊二醛添加量3％、给酶量2000U/g载体、交联时间2.5h时,固定化酶的回收率较高,可达到65.38％,同时固定化和游离酶的最适温度分别为60℃、55℃,最适pH值分别为4.5、5.0,热稳定性有不同程度的提高,pH稳定性两者变化不大.木聚糖酶的固定化能有效地提高其作用性能,从而为木聚糖酶的工业化应用提供了一定的理论依据.     

脂环酸芽孢杆菌α-葡萄糖苷酶固定化及酶学性质研究

以戊二醛为交联剂,壳聚糖为载体,优化脂环酸芽孢杆菌α-葡萄糖苷酶的固定化条件,探讨固定化对酶性质的影响。结果表明:当戊二醛浓度0.2mol/L、戊二醛交联时间12h、交联pH7.5和交联温度15℃时,酶的固定化效果最佳。此时,固定化酶的最适pH4.5,最适反应温度55℃,在pH4.5～8.0范围酶的活性不受损失。当温度为65℃时,固定化酶的活力接近100%。酶储存3周以上,可以保持80%以上的活力。重复使用6次后,酶活保持在80%左右,说明固定化酶优化了游离酶的部分酶学性质,具有一定的应用价值。     

壳聚糖小球共价固定化α-淀粉酶的研究

以壳聚糖小球为载体,采用戊二醛交联共价固定α-淀粉酶。试验结果表明,以1 g壳聚糖小球为载体,经5m L 2%戊二醛处理后,加入24 mgα-淀粉酶,30℃,在p H 6的磷酸缓冲液中固定化2 h,制备的固定化α-淀粉酶活力达1 407.6 U/g。固定化酶最适p H向酸性方向偏移,最适反应温度不变,固定化α-淀粉酶的酸碱稳定性和热稳定性均优于游离酶。     

磁性壳聚糖微球固定化脂肪酶研究

以磁性壳聚糖微球为载体,通过戊二醛交联进行脂肪酶固定化,对影响脂肪酶固定化各种因素进行考察,确定最佳条件,并比较游离酶与固定化酶pH和热稳定性。结果表明,固定化适宜条件为:脂肪酶加入量5.0 mg/100 mg载体、温度40℃、时间5 h、pH 8.04、戊二醛浓度10%、最高固载率可达90.56%,酶活4034 U/g载体;与游离酶相比,固定化酶pH和热稳定性都有较宽适用范围。     

壳聚糖固定化α-葡萄糖苷酶的研究

以粉末状壳聚糖为载体 ,采用吸附 交联的方法将α 葡萄糖苷酶固定化。在最适固定化条件下 ,室温吸附 6h ,然后与 3 5%的戊二醛在 4 5℃交联 6h ,可得到固定化酶的活力为1430 0U ,酶活力回收率为 59 6 %。通过实验发现 ,与游离酶相比 ,固定化酶的最适 pH向酸性方向移动 0 5pH单位 ,为 pH 4 5;最适作用温度达到 70℃ ,比游离α 葡萄糖苷酶提高 5℃ ;酸碱稳定性、热稳定性及贮存稳定性均有较大提高 ;在 6 0℃操作半衰期为 16 8h     

几丁质固定化壳聚糖酶的研究

以几丁质为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,固定壳聚糖酶,对壳聚糖酶的固定化条件、固定化酶的性质进行了研究,确定了酶固定的最佳条件为0.1克几丁质与5ml5%戊二醛交联,固定2mg壳聚糖酶,在此条件下酶活力回收可达70％。固定化酶的最适温度和pH分别为60℃和4.0,动力学参数Km值为17.66g/L。将固定化酶于70℃水浴保温150min,酶活力未见明显下降。该固定化酶具有良好的操作和保存稳定性。     

改性磁性壳聚糖微球固定化乳糖酶

通过反相悬浮聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯(HE-MA)与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂制备得到改性磁性壳聚糖微球。进一步以改性磁性壳聚糖微球为载体,通过吸附、共价结合以及戊二醛交联反应三方协同作用固定乳糖酶。对影响固定化的各种因素进行优化,确定固定化乳糖酶最适条件为:载体在0.1 mol/L、pH 7.0的磷酸缓冲液中充分溶胀后,按2.0 U/mg载体的添加量加入乳糖酶,4℃吸附3 h,再添加0.1%戊二醛交联4 h;最终所得的固定化乳糖酶活为685 U/g载体,酶活回收率为34.3%。固定化后的乳糖酶的pH稳定性和热稳定性都较游离酶有明显提高;连续操作10次后,固定化酶活仍保持在70%以上,具有良好的操作稳定性。     

壳聚糖固定化α-葡萄糖苷酶的研究

以粉末状壳聚糖为载体 ,采用吸附 -交联的方法将 α-葡萄糖苷酶固定化。最适固定化条件研究表明 ,0 .1 g壳聚糖与 2 4 ,0 0 0 U(0 .0 8ml) α-葡萄糖苷酶进行固定化 ,在p H6.0条件下 ,室温吸附 6h,然后与 3.5%的戊二醛在 45℃交联 6h,可得到固定化酶的活力为 1 4,30 0 U,酶活力回收率为59.6%。通过实验发现 ,与游离酶相比 ,固定化酶的最适 p H向酸性方向移动 0 .5p H单位 ,为 p H4.5;最适作用温度达到70℃ ,比游离 α-葡萄糖苷酶提高 5℃ ;酸碱稳定性、热稳定性及贮存稳定性均有较大提高 ;在 60℃操作半衰期为 1 68h     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the