酯化改性淀粉研究进展

酯化改性赋予淀粉许多新的优异性能,拓宽了其工业应用范围。本文从酯化淀粉的种类、制备方法及应用等方面对淀粉酯化改性研究进展进行了综述,重点介绍了中长链脂肪酸淀粉酯的分类及其制备方法,并展望了酯化改性淀粉的发展趋势。     

淀粉酯的制备及其对面团特性与面制品品质影响的研究进展

作为可循环再生的天然物质,淀粉是目前食品工业的重要原料。通过酯化对淀粉改性可以改善原淀粉性能的不足,从而扩大其应用范围。本文综述了目前应用较多的柠檬酸淀粉酯、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯、醋酸淀粉酯、中长链脂肪酸淀粉酯、磷酸淀粉酯、硫酸淀粉酯的合成制备工艺以及酯化淀粉对面团特性和面制品品质的影响,并展望了今后淀粉酯的研究趋势和应用前景。     

物理技术对淀粉结构及OSA酯化淀粉的制备与功能特性影响的研究进展

淀粉资源丰富,应用领域广泛,但是天然淀粉的功能性质具有局限性,制约了其应用,因此淀粉改性研究备受研究学者关注。研究表明辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯具有独特的双亲性,改善了淀粉的疏水性和乳化性。然而,传统方法制备的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯效率低,酯化淀粉的功能特性仍不能达到最佳应用要求,因此如何制备高质量的酯化淀粉一直是研究热点。近年来物理技术作为环保、高效的方法被广泛应用于改性淀粉的生产中。研究发现采用物理技术对天然淀粉进行预处理后有利于酯化淀粉的制备,物理技术对淀粉颗粒结构的破坏可以增加淀粉的酯化位点,提高酯化效率。此外,经物理技术预处理后酯化淀粉的功能特性也有所改进,进一步促进淀粉的实际应用。该文对超声波、脉冲电场、超高压、常压等离子体射流、动态高压微流化、球磨等6种物理技术在辛烯基琥珀酸酐酯化淀粉制备中的研究进行总结,综述了6种物理技术的基本原理,并阐述了物理技术对淀粉结构及辛烯基琥珀酸酐酯化淀粉的制备与功能特性的影响。     

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的制备、性质及应用研究

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯是一种重要的改性淀粉,经辛烯基琥珀酸酐和淀粉酯化制得,作为食品添加剂在食品工业中广泛应用。因为辛烯基琥珀酸酐的(OSA)的疏水性和淀粉特有的高度支化的大分子结构,辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯具有良好的乳化性、流变性和糊化性质等。近些年来有关它的研究越来越多,论述了它的制备方法、性质及在食品工业中的应用现状。     

Co60共辐射接枝淀粉的制备及性能

探讨Co60共辐射接枝淀粉的制备方法及其性能。采用Co60辐射对淀粉甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯接枝改性,制备接枝淀粉浆料。研究了反应介质、单体配比、辐射剂量、辐射剂量率对样品制备的影响。通过试验得出接枝改性的最佳工艺参数为:混合反应介质(水)含量28%,甲基丙烯酸羟乙酸与淀粉配比6%,辐射剂量率10 Gy/min,辐射剂量6 kGy。     

改性淀粉的制备与应用研究进展

综述了各种改性淀粉的概念、制备及研究现状,并对改性淀粉在多个领域的应用研究情况进行了介绍。     

玉米植酸改性淀粉的工艺研究

为了研究植酸改性淀粉的最佳制备工艺条件,以植酸钠为改性剂,对玉米淀粉进行酯化改性。通过单因素试验,以取代度为指标,探讨p H值、反应时间、反应温度、植酸钠的用量和淀粉乳浓度等因素对植酸淀粉酯取代度大小的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,筛选出对植酸淀粉酯取代度影响显著的3个因素,并利用响应面分析法对这些因素进行优化。试验结果表明,植酸淀粉酯的最佳制备工艺条件为:植酸钠用量为2.1%,p H值7.2,淀粉乳质量分数为31.7%,50℃下反应5 h,此条件下改性淀粉的取代度为0.005 8。对植酸淀粉酯进行理化性质检验,其冻融稳定性、透明度、黏度、溶解度及膨润力相较原淀粉均有明显的提高。     

改性淀粉絮凝剂研究进展

改性淀粉絮凝剂因具有无毒、选择性大、原料来源丰富、价格低和易于生物降解等优点而越来越受到人们关注。该文介绍阳离子淀粉、不溶性交联淀粉黄原酸酯、接枝淀粉、羧甲基淀粉和复合改性淀粉等改性淀粉絮凝剂的制备、功能和絮凝剂研究情况,重点论述接枝淀粉和阳离子淀粉两类改性淀粉絮凝剂,为今后改性淀粉絮凝剂开发指明方向。     

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的特性分析及在鸡肉灌肠中的应用

以早籼米淀粉为原料,采用水相体系制备不同黏度的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯,并对其糊化特性、冻融稳定性及在鸡肉灌肠中的应用进行研究。结果表明:淀粉经酸解和辛烯基琥珀酸酐改性后,可以得到不同黏度的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯,具有良好的冻融稳定性。在鸡肉灌肠中应用时,加入早籼米辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的鸡肉灌肠与加入木薯变性淀粉的鸡肉灌肠相比较,其硬度、弹性和咀嚼性都有不同程度的提高(P<0.05)。扫描电子显微镜分析显示,添加木薯变性淀粉的样品,内部结构比较蓬松,而添加早籼米OSA-H6的样品,其内部组织则相对紧实细腻。该研究表明,辛烯基琥珀酸酐改性淀粉(烯基琥珀酸淀粉酸)可以改善肉制品的质构特性,在肉制品中具有潜在的应用价值。     

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的研究现状

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(OSA-starch)是一种新兴的改性淀粉,是以辛烯基琥珀酸酐和淀粉经酯化反应制得,通常以淀粉酯(OSA-starch)或淀粉钠的形式出现,其具有同型产品不可比拟的优良性质,目前其种类达到60种之多,市场前景广阔,近年来吸引了国内外学者的广泛关注。本文就辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的结构、性质、反应原理、制备工艺、国内外研究现状以及在工业中的应用做一简单介绍,旨在为开发新种类的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯提供参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press