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锅炉结焦是燃煤工业锅炉运行中比较普遍的现象。它会破坏正常燃烧工况,减少锅炉出力,破坏正常水循环,造成爆管事故,严重时还会使炉膛出口堵塞而被迫停炉。为此文中对某电厂1 000 MW燃煤机组锅炉冷灰斗结焦问题进行了全过程应对及分析,提出了热态下炉内结焦区域诊断和炉膛深度洁净长期控焦方法,彻底解决了历时长达3个月的锅炉多区域严重结焦问题,对今后同类问题的解决具有较强的参考价值。 相似文献
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大唐黄岛发电有限责任公司(以下简称黄岛公司)5、6号机组2017年12月份以来锅炉严重结焦影响了机组的安全、经济运行。经过对锅炉结焦的分析,黄岛公司制定并采取了一系列措施,使锅炉结焦得到缓解,从而保证了机组安全稳定运行。 相似文献
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我国很多地区都采用固定炉排烧生物质燃料的锅炉,这些锅炉大都存在炉排易结渣、燃烧效率低、因燃烧故障事故停炉多等问题。通过对某糖厂85 t/h甘蔗渣锅炉燃烧装置进行改造,彻底解决了该甘蔗渣锅炉炉排堆渣结焦现象,提高了锅炉燃烧效率,解决了因炉排结焦停炉事故的发生,达到了较好的节能效果。 相似文献
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燃用神华类易结焦煤种的电厂在持续高负荷运行时,其炉膛出口受热面易发生结焦问题,以往以控制炉膛出口烟温作为防止结焦的措施。根据工程实践情况并从煤灰颗粒与烟气的辐射传热特性不同出发,提出了烟温与煤灰颗粒温度的区别,并指出实际运行中炉膛出口受热面发生结焦问题的主要原因在于煤灰颗粒在到达炉膛出口处时其温度仍高于软化温度(ST)。基于此,以单个煤粉颗粒为研究对象,重点计算分析了燃烧速率对炉膛出口处煤灰颗粒温度的影响。结果表明,提高煤粉燃烧速率可以有效地降低炉膛出口处的煤灰颗粒温度,从而极大地改善结焦问题。介绍了上海外高桥第三发电厂首创的广义回热技术,对比分析可知,此技术对防治锅炉结焦更为经济、有效。 相似文献
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As part of a pilot study investigating the role of microorganisms in the immobilisation of As, Sb, B, Tl and Hg, the inorganic geochemistry of seven different active sinter deposits and their contact fluids were characterised. A comprehensive series of sequential extractions for a suite of trace elements was carried out on siliceous sinter and a mixed silica-carbonate sinter. The extractions showed whether metals were loosely exchangeable or bound to carbonate, oxide, organic or crystalline fractions. Hyperthermophilic microbial communities associated with sinters deposited from high temperature (92–94°C) fluids at a variety of geothermal sources were investigated using SEM. The rapidity and style of silicification of the hyperthermophiles can be correlated with the dissolved silica content of the fluid. Although high concentrations of Hg and Tl were found associated with the organic fraction of the sinters, there was no evidence to suggest that any of the heavy metals were associated preferentially with the hyperthermophiles at the high temperature (92–94°C) ends of the terrestrial thermal spring ecosystems studied. 相似文献
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Characterization and prediction of biomass pyrolysis products 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Daniel Neves Henrik ThunmanArlindo Matos Luís TarelhoAlberto Gómez-Barea 《Progress in Energy and Combustion Science》2011,37(5):611-630
In this study some literature data on the pyrolysis characteristics of biomass under inert atmosphere were structured and analyzed, constituting a guide to the conversion behavior of a fuel particle within the temperature range of 200-1000 °C. Data is presented for both pyrolytic product distribution (yields of char, total liquids, water, total gas and individual gas species) and properties (elemental composition and heating value) showing clear dependencies on peak temperature. Empirical relationships are derived from the collected data, over a wide range of pyrolysis conditions and considering a variety of fuels, including relations between the yields of gas-phase volatiles and thermochemical properties of char, tar and gas. An empirical model for the stoichiometry of biomass pyrolysis is presented, where empirical parameters are introduced to close the conservation equations describing the process. The composition of pyrolytic volatiles is described by means of a relevant number of species: H2O, tar, CO2, CO, H2, CH4 and other light hydrocarbons. The model is here primarily used as a tool in the analysis of the general trends of biomass pyrolysis, enabling also to verify the consistency of the collected data. Comparison of model results with the literature data shows that the information on product properties is well correlated with the one on product distribution. The prediction capability of the model is briefly addressed, with the results showing that the yields of volatiles released from a specific biomass are predicted with a reasonable accuracy. Particle models of the type presented in this study can be useful as a submodel in comprehensive reactor models simulating pyrolysis, gasification or combustion processes. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2020,45(59):34412-34436
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the development of zero-emissions, sustainable energy systems utilising the potential of hydrogen energy technologies. However, the improper long-term economic assessment of costs and consequences of such hydrogen-based renewable energy systems has hindered the transition to the so-called hydrogen economy in many cases. One of the main reasons for this is the inefficiency of the optimization techniques employed to estimate the whole-life costs of such systems. Owing to the highly nonlinear and non-convex nature of the life-cycle cost optimization problems of sustainable energy systems using hydrogen as an energy carrier, meta-heuristic optimization techniques must be utilised to solve them. To this end, using a specifically developed artificial intelligence-based micro-grid capacity planning method, this paper examines the performances of twenty meta-heuristics in solving the optimal design problems of three conceptualised hydrogen-based micro-grids, as test-case systems. Accordingly, the obtained numeric simulation results using MATLAB indicate that some of the newly introduced meta-heuristics can play a key role in facilitating the successful, cost-effective development and implementation of hydrogen supply chain models. Notably, the moth-flame optimization algorithm is found capable of reducing the life-cycle costs of micro-grids by up to 6.5% as compared to the dragonfly algorithm. 相似文献
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For modeling the formation of nitrogen oxides in combustion via both the prompt-NO and the fuel-NO mechanisms, as well as for modeling the reduction of nitrogen oxides via reburning, a good knowledge of the kinetics of oxidation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is required. The formation routes to HCN and the thermochemistry of HCN-related species are reviewed. The available kinetic data for the oxidation of HCN are presented and a comprehensive detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism for the oxidation of HCN is proposed and discussed. 相似文献
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S.A. Healy 《Renewable Energy》1994,5(5-8)
This study outlines a number of issues of a political nature, associated with the implementation of renewables, with the primary emphasis on the recent European push for the production of liquid biofuels. In recent years biofuels have been gaining increasing attention as a potential alternative to conventional automotive fuels. This potential has recently become an issue in the European Union (EU) with surplus agricultural land being considered for the production of energy crops. In this paper political issues at stake in the promotion of biofuel crops in the EU are examined. A critical analysis is made of the environmental claims put forward in defence of the promotion of these fuel crops and comparisons made with alternate woody biomass fuels. Contrasts are drawn between this case study and other examples of the implementation of renewables including the development of PV in the US and wind power in the UK. Conclusions are made regarding the impact of the issues thrown up on the future development of renewables. 相似文献
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Water pumping has been one of the main applications for wind power in the past and despite the spread of mains-electric pumps, more than a million windpumps remain in regular use. This paper reviews the general technical and economic requirements for pumping water using wind energy and by way of example gives an overview of the development of the new ITP wind-pump. It then considers the future prospects for this kind of technology. 相似文献
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静电除尘器和湿法烟气脱硫装置对烟气汞形态的影响与控制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用安大略标准方法和在线汞监测技术对6套典型燃煤电站锅炉静电除尘器(ESP)和湿法烟气脱硫(WFGD)装置前后烟气汞的浓度及形态进行了测试,并研究了2种装置对烟气汞形态转化的影响及其汞控制能力.结果表明:ESP对飞灰的捕获直接降低了烟气中颗粒汞的比例,从已测试的典型燃煤锅炉来看,ESP前的燃煤烟气中颗粒汞的平均比例在30%左右,经ESP后颗粒汞所占比例降至5%左右;经WFGD装置洗涤后,烟气中汞的形态发生了较大的改变,二价汞基本被捕获,进入WFGD装置的烟气中二价汞的比例越高,WFGD装置对烟气汞的脱除效率也越高.配置有选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝装置+ESP+WFGD尾部烟气处理装置的燃煤电厂,能够很好地控制燃煤烟气汞的排放. 相似文献
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车用汽油机HC排放分布规律研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据大量HC排放实测数据,运用数理统计手段,研究确定国产主要车型货车和轿车汽油机HC排放分布规律及分布参数,进而建立了相应国车用汽油机的HC排放分布计算模型。它对准确对计算车用汽油机HC排放分布数值和评价车用汽油机HC排放对大气环境的影响等,具有十分重要的作用。 相似文献