Low carbon manganese steels microalloyed with vanadium and nitrogen

With the objective of studying the effect of vanadium and nitrogen microalloying on microstructure and strength of low carbon steels with different manganese contents, three series of low carbon steels (0.1% C) with manganese content (between 0.8 and 3.5%), vanadium content (up to 0.17%) and nitrogen content (up to 0.025%) have been designed and investigated in the hot forging condition using a preheating and finish forging temperatures of 1200 and 950°C, respectively. Steels with a manganese content up to 2.3% revealed ferrite-pearlite structures, whereas higher manganese contents from 2.7 to 3.5% resulted in the formation of bainitic structures. A pronounced effect of manganese on the mechanical properties of steels was detected at lower manganese contents < 1.5%, due to solid solution and grain refining effects, and higher manganese contents > 2.3, due to bainite formation. Manganese content in the range of 1.5-2.3% had less pronounced effect due to solely solid solution hardening. Vanadium microalloying effectively increased the strength of steels through solely precipitation strengthening or both precipitation strengthening and grain refining effect. The effectiveness of vanadium was greatly enhanced by increasing the nitrogen content. The grain refinement of vanadium-nitrogen microalloying seems to be due to inhibition of austenite grain growth as a result of precipitation of vanadium nitride in austenite during forging. Precipitation strengthening of these steels is achieved by precipitation of vanadium carbide and nitride in ferrite or bainite. Nitrogen enhanced the precipitation strengthening of vanadium microalloyed steels which could be attributed to the finer vanadium nitride dispersion precipitates compared with vanadium carbide. Up to 70% of the total nitrogen content of steel precipitates as vanadium nitride which could be achieved with V/N ratio of about 6-7. Microalloying of low carbon-manganese steels (0.1% C and 1.8% Mn) with 0.15% vanadium and 0.025% nitrogen was found to be effective in attaining high levels of yield and ultimate tensile strengths of 835 and 940 N/mm², respectively in the forging condition.     

罩式退火铌微合金化汽车钢的强化机理

 通过比较相同冷轧与罩式退火工艺下Mn-Si系和铌微合金化2种汽车用低合金高强钢的显微组织与力学性能,研究微量铌在冷轧罩式退火低合金高强钢中的强化机理。利用OM、SEM、TEM和拉伸试验机分别对2种钢的显微组织与力学性能进行了表征。对比分析表明：相对热轧板来说,2种钢冷轧退火板的铁素体晶粒和第二相析出物的尺寸都有所长大,导致了强度降低。相对Mn-Si钢而言,铌微合金化钢热轧板和冷轧退火板中的铁素体晶粒和第二相析出物尺寸更细小,细小第二相析出物的数量也更多,在相同的伸长率水平下明显提高了强度。冷轧罩式退火板的强化机理分析表明,铌微合金化低合金高强钢的主要强化方式是细晶强化和NbC的沉淀强化;研究认为添加质量分数为0.025%的铌时细晶强化更强烈。     

Effects of micro-alloying and production process on precipitation behaviors and mechanical properties of HRB600

Effects of micro-alloying elements and production process on microstructure,mechanical properties and precipitates of 600 MPa grade rebars were studied by using pilot test,metallographic observation,tensile test,thermodynamic calculation and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the tested steels are composed of ferrite and pearlite,in which the content range of pearlite is 33%-45%. For vanadium microalloyed steel,interphase precipitation strengthening effect of V can be promoted and the yield strength of tested steels can be increased with increasing V content and decreasing finishing rolling temperature. The temperature of terminated cooling should be more than 700 °C when the water cooling is used. When niobium is added to the steel,more coarse( Nb,V) C,N precipitates are generated at high temperature,so that the solid solubility of precipitated phases of vanadium is reduced and the precipitation strengthening effect of vanadium is weakened.     

V-N微合金化钢筋中钒的析出行为

研究了氮对含钒微合金化钢筋中钒的析出行为的影响。实验结果表明：低氮钒钢中,大部分钒固溶于铁素体基体,比例高达565,只有35．5％钒形成V（C,N）;高氮钒钢中,70％的钒析出形成V（C,N）,只有20％的钒因溶于基体,钢氮还减小了V（C,N）颗粒尺寸,明显增加细小V（C,N）析出相的体积分数。     

Recrystallization controlled rolling and accelerated cooling for high strength and toughness in V-Ti-N steels

Optimum thermomechanically controlled process parameters have been established for the production of Ti-V-N microalloyed high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels. On the basis of laboratory simulation and full-scale processing, it has been shown that nitrogen is an essential alloying element addition and full appreciation of its effects leads to the ability to utilize high nitrogen steel in connection with hot rolling in a high-temperature regime to produce HSLA products with very favorable combinations of yield strength and toughness. The effects of reheating temperature, rolling reduction, cooling rate, and finish-cooling temperature (FCT) on the ferrite grain size and mechanical properties have been examined. It has been shown that the potential for precipitation strengthening is dependent on vanadium, nitrogen, and cooling parameters. Accelerated cooling (ACC) prevents precipitation of vanadium nitrides in austenite and enhances both grain refinement and precipitation strengthening. By adjusting nitrogen content and processing parameters, a yield strength of 500 MPa and impact transition temperature (ITT) below -60 ‡C can be obtained in the as-hot-rolled condition in Ti-V-N steels, using high finish-temperature hot rolling and accelerated cooling.     

钒微合金化钢的技术进展与应用

摘要：介绍了钒微合金化技术的最新进展以及钒钢的开发与应用情况。氮是含钒钢中有效的合金元素,含钒钢中增氮,优化了钒在钢中的析出,显著提高沉淀强化效果。采用钒氮微合金化设计,配合适当的轧制工艺,促进V(C,N)在奥氏体中析出,起到了晶内铁素体形核核心作用,实现了含钒钢的晶粒细化。最新的研究成果表明钒微合金化可以提高双相钢、贝氏体钢、相变诱导塑性钢、孪晶诱导塑性钢、热成型马氏体钢等汽车用先进高强度钢的强度并改善使用性能,显示出良好的应用前景。钒氮微合金化技术在中国高强度钢筋、高强度型钢、非调质钢、薄板坯连铸连轧高强度带钢等产品中获得广泛应用,大大促进了中国钒微合金化钢的发展。     

Optimization of mechanical properties of high-carbon pearlitic steels with Si and V additions

Systematic research has been undertaken on the effects of single and combined additions of vanadium and silicon on the mechanical properties of pearlitic steels being developed for wire rod production. Mechanical test results demonstrate that the alloy additions are beneficial to the mechanical properties of the steels, especially the tensile strength. Silicon strengthens pearlite mainly by solid-solution strengthening of the ferrite phase. Vanadium increases the strength of pearlite mainly by precipitation strengthening of the pearlitic ferrite. When added separately, these elements produce relatively greater strengthening at higher transformation temperatures. When added in combination the behavior is different, and substantial strength increments are produced at all transformation temperatures studied (550 °C to 650 °C). The addition of silicon and vanadium to very-high-carbon steels (>0.8 wt pct C) also suppresses the formation of a network of continuous grain-boundary cementite, so that these hypereutectoid materials have high strength coupled with adequate ductility for cold drawing. A wire-drawing trial showed that total drawing reductions in area of 90 pct could be obtained, leading to final tensile strengths of up to 2540 MPa in 3.3-mm-diameter wires.     

氮在非调质钢中的作用

介绍了氮在非调质钢中的有益作用。非调质钢中增氮,改变了钒在相间的分布,促进Ｖ（Ｃ,Ｎ）析出,使析出相的颗粒尺寸明显减小,从而增强了钒的沉淀强化作用、大幅度提高钢的强度。氮通过促进Ｖ（Ｃ〉Ｎ）析出,有效地钉扎奥氏体－－铁素体昌细化了铁素体晶粒。增氮还可促进晶内铁素体的形成,进一步细化了铁素体组织。对微钛处理非调质钢,增氮提高了ＴｉＮ颗粒的稳定性,更有效地阻止奥氏体晶粒长大,充分利用廉价的氮元素,在保     

500 MPa级高延性方管用钢的开发及加工硬化行为

 为了开发满足二次加工性能要求的500 MPa级高延性方管用钢,采用OM、SEM和TEM等对500 MPa级高延性方管用钢制管前后的组织与性能进行分析,研究了其强化机制与加工硬化机理。结果表明,两种试验钢的组织均由铁素体和少量珠光体组成,低C-低Mn-Nb、Ti微合金化试验钢铁素体晶粒与珠光体球团尺寸更加细小,第二相析出物尺寸稍大,位错密度相似。两种试验钢制管前力学性能相似,低C-低Mn-Nb、Ti微合金化试验钢屈强比较高;制管后低C-低Mn-Nb、Ti微合金化试验钢加工硬化程度显著,屈服强度、抗拉强度分别增加了45与26 MPa,伸长率降低6.0%,高C-高Mn-Nb微合金化试验钢屈服强度、抗拉强度分别增加了22与10 MPa,伸长率降低4.0%。固溶强化与细晶强化是两种试验钢最主要的强化机制,由晶粒细化引起的强度增量占总强度的52.9%~61.8%,由固溶强化引起的强度增量占总强度的17.2%~25.3%;析出强化与位错强化对强度的贡献较小。制管后低C-低Mn-Nb、Ti微合金化试验钢位错强化增加显著,达到了82 MPa,明显高于高C-高Mn-Nb微合金化试验钢位错强化的贡献(65 MPa);对于制管用途而言,高C-高Mn-Nb微合金化试验钢制管后综合力学性能更加优异。     

冷作强化非调质冷镦钢的研究开发

冷作强化非调质钢是非调质钢领域中的一个重要分支,它通过微合金化、控制轧制和控制冷却,使微合金化元素的碳氮化物弥散析出而产生沉淀强化和细晶强化,在此基础上再通过冷变形产生加工硬化,使钢的强度进一步提高,在不经过调质处理的情况下,即能达到所要求的性能指标。马钢通过成分优化设计、高速线材低温热机械轧制及组织控制技术,开发出具有原始创新性的8．8级MFT8冷作强化非调质冷镦钢,并通过冷拔和时效处理等关键生产工艺试验、安全性和环保性评价等应用技术研究,开发出了冷作强化非调质冷镦钢线材产品,并在紧固件行业得到了实际应用。     

利用高温应力法研究Ti含量和冷却速度对中碳微合金化钢沉淀强化效应的影响

本文提出一种高温应力法测定微合金化钢中沉淀强化效应,并研究钛含量和冷却速度对中碳微合金化钢沉淀强化效应的影响。实验结果表明,高温应力法可以定性地测出单独或复合微合金化钢的沉淀强化效应,每种钢都有其最佳冷却速度,在中碳Mn-V微合金化钢中加入0.02％Ti将降低沉淀强化效应,加入0.11％Ti将明显提高沉淀强化效应,较高的氮含量(0.015％)将提高沉淀强化效应。     

Ni含量对控轧控冷船舶用Nb-Ti微合金化NiCr钢组织和性能的影响

研究了0.31%Ni和0.88%Ni二种控轧控冷Nb-Ti微合金化NiCr钢的组织和性能。结果表明,船舶用钢控轧控冷获得粒状贝氏体、上贝氏体、针状铁素体、多边形铁素体及少量珠光体等组成的复合组织。控轧控冷造成铁素体晶粒尺寸细化,细小M-A岛增多。二种钢均获得较高的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和硬度,0.88Ni-0.32Cr钢性能优于0.31Ni-0.33Cr钢。船舶用钢-80℃试样纵向冲击功都在200J以上,0.88Ni-0.32Cr钢甚至超过了300J。该钢中最佳的Ni含量为0.88%Ni。由于控轧控冷造成了铁素体细晶强化、M-A岛复合强化、析出强化和位错强化,合金元素镍有效的提高了船舶钢的低温冲击韧性。     

轧制水冷速度对Ti微合金钢中纳米碳化物及其强化作用的影响

析出强化对于Ti微合金钢的强韧化具有重要贡献。针对不同轧制水冷速度下的Ti微合金钢,在明确其显微结构的基础上,采用非水溶液无损电解提取技术获得Ti微合金钢中的纳米碳化物,并根据纳米碳化物的物相组成和粒度分布特征计算出析出强化增量。研究结果表明:Ti微合金钢中存在大量纳米尺寸的M₃C和MC类析出物,但较快的水冷速度抑制了二者的析出行为,使得二者占钢的质量分数逐渐减小;同时,水冷速度的提高可细化M₃C类析出物粒度,但MC类析出物粒度与水冷速度无明显关系;整体而言,尽管高水冷速度强化了M₃C类析出物强化效果,并相对弱化了MC类析出物强化效果,但仍不可忽视MC类析出物的强化贡献。      

Effect of Adding Nitrogen on Microstructure and Property of Vanadium Microalloyed Reinforcing Bar Steel

Worldwideattentionhasbeenpaidtomicroal loyedsteelwhichhasbeendevelopedrapidly .Manyadvantagesofmicroalloyedsteelhavebeenrecog nizeddeeply .Firstly ,themicroalloyedsteelhashighstrengthand goodcomprehensiveproperties .Sec ondly ,highprofitscanbegainedduetolowerpro ductionandapplicationcost .Themicroalloyingele mentsareaddedtomicroalloysteelsforgrainrefin ingandprecipitationstrengthening[1] .　　Theabilityofsecondphaseparticlestomaintainfinegrainsizesathightemperaturebypinningmi gratingboundarie…     

增氮对钒微合金钢组织和性能的影响

 通过对不同钒、氮质量分数的试验钢进行热模拟压缩试验和实验室轧制试验,用OM、SEM和TEM分析试验钢的显微组织,研究增氮对钒微合金钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,普通钒微合金钢为板条贝氏体＋粒状贝氏体组织,增加氮质量分数,可促进晶内铁素体相变,得到针状铁素体组织,使M/A组织细化且弥散分布,改善韧性;而增加钒质量分数,可以增加析出强化作用,提高强度,但组织形态无明显变化,不能提高韧性。增氮钢中的钒在奥氏体内以VN析出,低氮钢内的钒在铁素体内以VC的形式析出,奥氏体-铁素体、VC-铁素体和VN-铁素体的平面点阵错配度分别为6.72%、3.89% 和 1.55%,在奥氏体内析出的VN可以作为铁素体的优先形核位置,促进晶内铁素体相变。     

控轧控冷中碳非调质钢的高周疲劳性能

 采用中碳非调质钢制造的轴类等零件常承受交变载荷，因而对钢材疲劳性能具有高的要求。为了评估控轧控冷工艺生产的非调质钢棒材的疲劳性能，利用旋转弯曲疲劳试验机研究了一种常用的钒微合金化中碳非调质钢38MnVS及对比钢38MnS的高周疲劳性能。结果表明，与38MnS钢相比，38MnVS钢中铁素体体积分数增加，组织明显细化；相分析表明约有54%的钒处于M（C，N）相中，且尺寸小于10 nm的M（C，N）粒子质量分数为32%，这些细小粒子的析出强化增量约为116 MPa。38MnVS钢的疲劳极限较38MnS钢提高了62 MPa，提高幅度约为18%；疲劳极限比从38MnS钢的0.43提高到38MnVS钢的0.48。M（C，N）相的析出强化及组织细化是38MnVS钢较38MnS钢具有优异疲劳性能的主要原因，但其疲劳性能仍低于锻态非调质钢。根据试验结果及文献数据，给出了预测铁素体＋珠光体型非调质钢疲劳极限的简便方法。     

优化微合金含量提高高强度钢板市场竞争力

分析微合金高强度钢的强化机理和强化效果,分析市场及生产现状,在充分保证产品热轧性能的前提下,进行钢中微合金含量的优化,以降低低合金高强度钢板的生产成本,取得良好效果.V-N合金中的V在钢中起析出强化、晶粒细化强化和固溶强化的作用,能够显著提高钢材的强度.该厂微合金钢中每升高0.01%的[V],屈服强度能够提高8.78MPa,抗拉强度能够提高7.42MPa.     

Precipitation and fine structure in medium-carbon vanadium and vanadium/niobium microalloyed steels

Hot-rolled and continuously cooled, medium-carbon microalloyed steels containing 0.2 or 0.4 pct C with vanadium (0.15 pct) or vanadium (0.15 pct) plus niobium (0.04 pct) additions were investigated with light and transmission electron microscopy. Energy dispersive spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope was conducted on precipitates of the 0.4 pct C steel with vanadium and niobium additions. The vanadium steels contained fine interphase precipitates within ferrite, pearlite nodules devoid of interphase precipitates, and fine ferritic transformation twins. The vanadium plus niobium steels contained large Nb-rich precipitates, precipitates which formed in cellular arrays on deformed austenite substructure and contained about equal amounts of niobium and vanadium, and V-rich interphase precipitates. Transformation twins in the ferrite and interphase precipitates in the pearlitic ferrite were not observed in either of the steels containing both microalloying elements. Consistent with the effect of higher C concentrations on driving the microalloying precipitation reactions, substructure precipitation was much more frequently observed in the 0.4C-V-Nb steel than in the 0.2C-V-Nb steel, both in the ferritic and pearlitic regions of the microstructure. Also, superposition of interphase and substructure precipitation was more frequently observed in the high-C-V-Nb steel than in the similar low-C steel.     

超快速冷却条件下Ti 微合金钢中纳米碳化物及其强化作用

具有较高强度的Ti微合金钢已广泛应用于国民经济及国防工业的各个领域.针对超快速冷却条件下（轧制冷却速度高达64 ℃/s）的Ti微合金钢,采用无损电解提取技术获得Ti微合金钢中的纳米碳化物. 在此基础上,运用化学相分析、X射线小角散射及透射电镜综合分析纳米碳化物的物理化学特征,并考察其强化作用. 结果表明:Ti微合金钢中存在大量纳米尺寸的Fe_xC、TiC析出物,其平均粒度分别为76.06 nm和133.95 nm;同时,超快速冷却条件强化了Fe_xC的析出行为,使得其析出强化增量达到243.8 MPa,而TiC的析出强化增量仅为63.1 MPa;然而,钢中每增加0.01 %（质量分数）的TiC析出物（＜40 nm）却可大幅贡献强化增量77.1 MPa,远高于Fe_xC析出物（＜40 nm）的强化贡献量. 因此,强化TiC的析出行为在提高钢屈服强度方面具有重要潜力.      

氮在非调质钢中的作用

了氮在非调质钢中所起的有益作用。在Ｎｂ,Ｖ,Ｔｉ三咱微合金化元素中,钒有较高的溶解度,钒有较高的溶解度,是非调质钢最常用也是最有效的强化元素。钒在钢中通过形成细小析出相起细化晶粒和沉淀强化作用。与碳相比,氮与钒有更强的亲和力,且氮化物更稳定,因此,氮对控制钒的析出起更重要的作用。大量研究结果表明,非调质钢中增氮改变了钒在相间的分布,促进Ｖ（Ｃ,Ｎ）析出,使析出相的颗粒尺寸明显减小。因而氮增强了非调